Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire

The main objective of this study was the validation of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS II), using a confirmatory factorial analysis of the measurement model, with veteran athletes. A total of 348 veteran Portuguese athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 60 years (M = 41.64, SD = 9.83), of whom 200 were males and 148 were females, from several sports. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the adequacy of the adapted version of the EVS II, as the factorial structure (6 factors/24 items) has acceptable validity indexes: χ2 = 305.925, p = 0.000, df = 120.017, χ2/df = 2.549, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.909, TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.918, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.944, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.944, AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.909, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.048, RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Approximation) = 0.060, allowing evaluation of the dimensions of balanced diet, respect for mealtime, tobacco and alcohol consumption, other drugs consumption and resting habits. The adaptation to sport of the Portuguese version of EVS II can be used with reasonable confidence in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles in the context of sportinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Transcontextual model application in the prediction of veteran judo athletes’ life satisfaction

Background and Study Aim: Despite recognised benefits of regular physical activity for health, the percentage of individuals linking with a physical activity practice sufficient to confer health benefits is low. The aim of current work is knowledge about effects of an extension of the motivation trans-contextual model application, specifically in the prediction of life satisfaction by veteran judo athletes. Material and Methods: It was used a sample of 99 Portuguese veteran judo athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 76 years (M = 42.61 ±9.75), where through questionnaires were measured: basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, planned behaviour variables and life satisfaction. Results: The structural equations model showed that autonomy perception positively and significantly predicts autonomous motivation. In its turn it positively and significantly predicts intentions. Conclusions: Life satisfaction is positively and significantly predicted by intentions. Results authorise to emphasise the importance of fostering autonomy, since this will favour autonomous motivation, promoting a higher behavioural control over the practitioners’ intentions, thus generating a higher life satisfaction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Version of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire—EVS III

The main objective of this study was to validate the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire—EVS III, using confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model. A total of 822 Portuguese individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 66 years old (M = 28.43 SD = 12.07), participated in this study, of which 382 were male (46.5%) and 440 were female (53.5%). The main results obtained revealed that the psychometric qualities prove the adequacy of the factor structure of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire—EVS III (7 factors/32 items) and that it has acceptable validity indices: χ2 = 644.6828, p = 0.000, df = 168, χ2 = 3.84, NFI = 0.901, TLI = 0.902, CFI = 0.921, IFI = 0.922, MFI = 0.900, GFI = 0.909, AGFI = 0.901, RMR = 0.073, SRMR = 0.059 and RMSEA = 0.059, enabling the assessment of factors related to a balanced diet, respect for mealtimes, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, consumption of other drugs, resting habits and physical activity habits. The Portuguese version of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire—EVS III can be used with reasonable confidence for the assessment of healthy lifestyles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Interpersonal Behavior, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, Eating Behavior, and Body Image in Gym/Fitness Exercisers: A Systematic Review

Background: Body image seems to be a determining factor in the behavior and satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of exercise practitioners in gyms and fitness centers, and may influence motivation, interpersonal behavior, and eating behavior. This review aims to examine possible patterns between the variables under study in a gym/fitness context, specifically considering if body image perception has a determinant factor. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Psycnet were consulted and only data published between 2007 and 2021 were considered in the present review. After an initial search of 1373 records, a total of 6 were considered eligible for a detailed analysis after checking for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There is a positive relationship between body image dissatisfaction and less self-determined forms of motivation, as well as the adoption of less healthy eating behaviors. Younger participants have higher levels of body image dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviors. Conclusions: Body image dissatisfaction leads to less self-determined forms of motivation for exercise in the context of gyms and fitness centers. On the other hand, a negative perception of body image can also lead to sustained patterns of less regulated forms of exercise and less healthy eating behaviors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Predictive Model for Amotivation and Discipline in Physical Education Students Based on Teaching–Learning Styles

One of the purposes of teachers is to ensure the motivation of the students in their classes and to maintain disciplined behaviours. However, the teaching styles and methodologies used do not always have a positive effect on student’s motivation and discipline. This study analysed the relationship between student’s perceptions of the controlling behaviours of their physical education teacher, together with amotivation and discipline styles from Self-Determination Theory. The sample comprised 922 students, aged between 14 and 18 years (M = 14.95; SD = 0.98). Students’ perceptions of less controlling discipline styles (control of the use of rewards) negatively predicted the thwarting of autonomy need. Conversely, a more controlling discipline style (judging and devaluing) positively predicted the thwarting of autonomy need, and this, positively predicted amotivation, which nega- tively predicted disciplinary behaviours and positively predicted undisciplined behaviours. Teachers must avoid using controlling behaviours like judging and devaluing, as this reinforces amotivation towards physical education and undisciplined student behaviours. The importance of designing classes where the student has responsibilities to make decisions and to be part of their own learning is pointed out.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Selfdetermination and life satisfaction: an exploratory study with veteran judo athletes

The Theory of Self‐determination (Deci & Ryan, 2002) is based on a motivational domain and leads to the importance of meeting basic psychological needs of perception of autonomy, perception of competence and perception of social relations in the appearance of self‐determined behaviour, which are those that cause series of consequences as the future commitment to sports or exercise (Palmeira, 2010) and what kind of affection promotes to them a perspective of a life satisfaction (Andrews & Withey, 1976). According to studies relating the degree of self‐determination based on different training habits and athletic history, veterans athletes revealed high levels of intrinsic motivation, moderate extrinsic motivation and almost inexistence in terms of amotivation once that for these athletes the most important aspect of this sport is the satisfaction by overcoming their own limits during training and then to overcome opponents in competitions, hoping for a medal, or even a record (Sancho & Ruiz‐Juan, 2015). This exploratory study aims, in the context of veteran sport, i) characterise the motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs to practice judo; ii) to know the level of satisfaction with life; and iii) to understand which variables of selfdetermination influence levels of affection and satisfaction with life.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análisis de las relaciones entre variables motivacionales y ansiedad en judocas competidores

High-performance judo is going through continuous evolution, exploring new forms of teaching and training, to facilitate conducting the judoka toward success. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships been established between different types of self-determined motivation, basic psychological needs, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence in competing judokas.    A sample of 124 competing judokas, 36 women and 88 men belonging to 16 clubs from all over Spain, ranging from children to seniors, ages ranging from 12 to 37, were analyzed. To carry out this study, the questionnaires for Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire were used, to measure the level of self-determined motivation; The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale was used, to measure the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory, to measure the anxiety state. The results showed that intrinsic motivation correlated in a positive and significant way with the basic psychological need for competence as well as the intensity amount for self-confidence. On the other hand, demotivation, external regulation and the intensity amount for somatic anxiety correlated negatively and significantly with intrinsic motivation. Therefore, trainers would have to satisfy the basic psychological needs of the judokas, in order to trigger an increase in more self-determined forms of motivation, which could lead to an improvement of self-confidence and a reduction of anxiety state levels.El judo de alto rendimiento se encuentra en continua evolución, explorándose nuevas formas de enseñanza y entrenamiento, que faciliten conducir al judoca hacia el éxito. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones que se establecen entre los diferentes tipos de motivación autodeterminada, necesidades psicológicas básicas, ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad somática y autoconfianza en judocas competidores. Se analizó una muestra de 124 judocas competidores, 36 mujeres y 88 hombres pertenecientes a 16 clubes de toda España, cuyas categorías iban desde infantil hasta senior, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 37 años. Para llevar a cabo dicho estudio, se pasaron los cuestionarios de Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, para medir el nivel de motivación autodeterminada; el Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale, para medir la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory, para medir el estado de ansiedad. Los resultados mostraron que la motivación intrínseca, correlacionó de forma positiva y significativa con la necesidad psicológica básica de competencia además de la autoconfianza en su dimensión intensidad. Por otro lado, la desmotivación, la regulación externa y la ansiedad somática en su dimensión intensidad, correlacionaron negativa y significativamente con la motivación intrínseca. Por consiguiente, los entrenadores tendrían que satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los judocas, con el fin de provocar un aumento de las formas de motivación más autodeterminadas, pudiendo originar ello una mejora de la autoconfianza y una reducción de los niveles del estado de ansiedad

Association between Motivational Climate, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, and Levels of Physical Activity in Physical Education Students

Physical Education is an essential educational area to develop physical-healthy habits and motivational orientations, which are fundamental to guide the situation of future Physical Education teachers. These professionals will have a fundamental role in teaching different types of motivations, active lifestyles, and healthy habits in youths. For this reason, the objective of the study is to know the association between motivational climate, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), and the practice of physical activity in future Physical Education teachers. A cross-sectional and nonexperimental study was carried out using a single measurement within a single group. The sample consisted of 775 university students from the cities of Andalusia (Spain). Motivational climate was evaluated through the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), levels of physical activity were evaluated through the adolescent version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A), and level of adherence to the MD was assessed through Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). On one hand, the healthy and self-improvement component promoted by physical activity favors an orientation focused on process and learning. Likewise, the competitive component is key to motivation focused on product and social recognition. In addition, future Physical Education teachers should pay special attention to the unequal recognition among members that physical activity can generate, in order to avoid personal disregard and social rejection. The ego climate is related to a high adherence to the MD. On the other hand, the future Physical Education teachers who manifest motivational processes based on fun and their own satisfaction have low levels of adherence to the MD

Psychometric properties of the healthy lifestyle questionnaire for ecuadorian university students (EVS-EUE)

University students are considered a key population in promoting and establishing healthy lifestyles that will ensure a full life for the next generations. The purpose of this study was to do a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the healthy lifestyle questionnaire for Ecuadorian university students (EVS-EUE). Two thousand, one hundred and eight (2108) students from 17 to 19 years old (27%), 20 to 24 years old (57%), and over 24 years old (16%) participated (M = 21.81 years; SD = 3.04). A confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, and concurrent validity were conducted. The results of the EVS-EUE Questionnaire presented adequate values (x2/d.f = 9.02, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.96, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.96, McDonald Fit Index (MFI) = 0.91, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.94, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.03). The internal consistency showed values above 0.70, and analyzed its concurrent validity, reaching adequate values. This study has provided a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate healthy lifestyles in the Ecuadorian population.This study was carried out thanks to the contribution of the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of the Council of Extremadura, through the European Regional Development Fund—A way to make Europe. (GR18129)

Análisis diferencial de variables psicológicas relacionadas con el compromiso para la práctica deportiva en universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19

Nowadays, psychological components have attained a very notable importance in the acquisition of healthy behaviours.  Therefore, this study analyses the differences between psychological variables that are related to sports practice in university students during the confinement caused by COVID-19. The study had a sample of 1239 participants (765 males and 474 females), aged 16-45 years (M = 21.44, SD = 3.94).   A questionnaire, which included the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale; the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale; and the Degree of Sport Commitment Scale, was used.   The most relevant results show significant differences (p<0.01) in favour of the male gender in almost all psychological variables except demotivation. Likewise, with regard to controlled motivation and demotivation, significant differences were found between small and large localities, with higher values in the former (p<0.05 and <0.01).    The results are discussed in order to determine the differences in terms of which psychological components would allow for interventions that might be more effective in achieving regular sport practice, commitment, and adherence through the use of strategies aimed at fostering autonomous motivation in university students and counteracting the effects of controlled motivation and demotivation.En la actualidad los componentes psicológicos han alcanzado una importancia muy notable en la adquisición de comportamientos saludables.  Por lo tanto, este estudio analiza las diferencias entre variables psicológicas que se relacionan con la práctica deportiva en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento causado por la COVID-19. El estudio tuvo una muestra de 1239 participantes (765 varones y 474 mujeres), de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 45 años (M = 21,44; DT = 3,94). Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluyó la Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), la Escala de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio; la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Actividad Física; y la Escala de Grado de Compromiso Deportivo.  Los resultados más relevantes muestran diferencias significativas (p<0,01) en favor del género masculino en casi todas las variables psicológicas excepto en la desmotivación, así mismo en lo que respecta a la motivación controlada y desmotivación, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las localidades pequeñas y grandes, siendo los valores más altos en las primeras (p<0,05 y <0,01).   Se discuten los resultados con objeto de determinar las diferencias en cuanto a qué componentes psicológicos permitirían plantear intervenciones que sean más efectivas para lograr la práctica regular de actividades deportivas así como su compromiso y adherencia, mediante el uso de estrategias que vayan encaminadas a fomentar la motivación autónoma de los universitarios y contrarrestar los efectos de la motivación controlada y la desmotivación