ANDEAN CONDOR (VULTUR GRYPHUS) NESTING IN NORTHEASTERN COLOMBIA AND DIFFERENCES IN LAYING DATES ALONG THE ANDES

ABSTRACT Little is known about the breeding behavior of the Andean Condor in the wild, especially in the Northern Andes, where densities of this species are low and their nests are difficult to find. We describe an active Andean Condor nest found in March 2015 on the western slope of the eastern Colombian Andes, representing the first country nest record since 1972, and report observations on nesting behavior. We recorded behavior of the male and female attending the nest using direct observations and a camera trap during two months. Both parents attended the nest, but the female did so significantly longer than the male. We assume that the nesting attempt failed because our photographic observation showed no evidence of the adults, the egg, or any chick at the end of the observation period. In addition, we collated available information about the nesting and incubation periods of Andean Condors in the wild along the Andes range. We found latitudinal differences in laying dates. Egg laying occurs in the second half of the year in southern latitudes of the Andean Condor’s range (Chile, Argentina), and primarily in the first half of the year in northern latitudes (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru). RESUMEN ∙ Nidificación del Cóndor Andino (Vultur gryphus) en el norte de la cordillera oriental de Colombia y diferencias en las temporadas de incubación en los AndesEl comportamiento reproductivo del Cóndor Andino es poco conocido, especialmente en el norte de los Andes, en donde las poblaciones de la especie se encuentran reducidas en número y sus nidos son difíciles de encontrar. En éste artículo presentamos el hallazgo de un nido activo de Cóndor Andino en el páramo del Almorzadero, en la Cordillera Oriental colombiana en marzo de 2015. Este sería el primer registro de un nido de cóndores silvestres para Colombia desde 1972. Se presentan adicionalmente descripciones del comportamiento de los adultos en cuanto al cuidado del nido y atención del huevo realizadas mediante observaciones con binoculares y fotografías capturadas con una cámara trampa durante un periodo de dos meses. Mediante los dos métodos de registro (observación directa y fotografías de la cámara trampa), se encontró que, aunque los dos padres atendieron el nido y el huevo, la hembra lo hizo durante un tiempo significativamente mayor. Se consideró que el evento de reproducción fue fallido dado que no se obtuvieron registros de los adultos, el huevo o el polluelo al final de la temporada de observación. Debido a que las variaciones climáticas generadas por la latitud afectan la fisiología y biología reproductiva de las aves, se realizó una revisión de los artículos disponibles sobre las temporadas de anidación de la especie a lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes. La información disponible sugiere que la latitud puede tener un efecto sobre las temporadas de incubación del Cóndor Andino, ocurriendo en el sur de los Andes (Chile, Argentina) en el segundo semestre del año y para la región norte (Colombia, Ecuador, Perú) durante el primer semestre

Diseño de una herramienta guía para la implementación de Leanen laboratorios de educación superior

This article proposes a framework for the implementation of Lean Laboratories in higher education laboratories, which was applied in the soil and pavements laboratory of the Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. With this framework, which incorporates in a detailed manner the steps for its application, the project aims towards decreasing the residues in these environments such as insufficient training, lack of supervision and experience, systematic performance measures, responsibility, materials availability, and generally, the absence of a systematic disposition of the laboratory and the equipment. The results achieved show important improvements in the short and medium-term in the registry and lending processes of tools and equipment. The analyzed case displays positive results with the potential of being exemplary for other organizations in the sector with aims towards implementation Lean andits tools as a functional, practical, and low-cost alternative.El artículo propone una herramienta guía para la implementación de Lean en laboratorios de educación superior, la cuál se aplicó en el laboratorio de suelos y pavimientos de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. Con esta herramienta, se incorpora de manera detallada los pasos para su publicación, se busca reducir desperdicios en estos ambientes tales como un entrenamiento insuficiente, falta de supervisión, experiencia, medidas de rendimiento sistemáticas, responsabilidad, disponibilidad de materiales, y en general, la ausencia de una disposición semántica del laboratorio y del equipo. Los resultados alcanzados presentan mejoras importantes a corto y mediano plazo en los procesos de registro y préstamo de equipos y herramientas. El caso analizado evidencia resultados positivos, que tienen el potencial de servir de ejemplo para otras organizaciones del sector de la educación que deseen adaptar Lean con sus herramientas como una alternativa viable, práctica y de bajo costo

Operations research as a decision-making tool in the health sector: A state of the art

The contributions of Operations Research (OR) in the healthcare field have been extensively studied in the scientific literature since the 1960s, covering decision support tools with operational, tactical, and strategic approaches. The aim of this article is to analyze the historical development of the application of OR models in healthcare. The application trends for optimization, planning, and decision- making models are studied through a descriptive literature review and a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers published between 1952 and 2016. An upward trend in the usage of operational models is observed with the predominance of resource optimization approaches and strategic decision-making for public health.Los aportes de la Investigación de Operaciones (IO) en el campo de la salud han sido ampliamente estudiados en la literatura científica desde la década de los 60, abarcando el soporte a la decisión en enfoques operacionales, tácticos y estratégicos. Se presenta un resumen del desarrollo histórico de la IO en el campo de la salud y se listan los principales modelos aplicados en los últimos años, identificando el principal enfoque utilizado, y el potencial aporte a la toma de decisiones en el campo de la salud

PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS POBLADORES SOBRE CAMBIOS DEL ENTORNO EN CORRAL DE PIEDRA,NICOYA, GUANACASTE

The Humedal Palustrino Corral de Piedra, -an extension of the Ramsar site Palo Verde, is located in the District of San Antonio, Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The village of Corral de Piedra, which is adjacent to the wetland, is inhabited by 19 families whose activities are closely related to it, which could constitute a condition of vulnerability for the wetland. As part of a socio-environmental study which is carried out in the area, through interviews and workshops, was determined the perception of the inhabitants of this area about changes in the environment; as well as the main features of the community that promote successful communal management of water.El Humedal Palustrino Corral de Piedra, - extensión del sitio Ramsar Palo Verde, se ubica en el Distrito de San Antonio Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. El poblado de Corral de Piedra, que colinda con el humedal, está habitado por 19 familias cuyas actividades están íntimamente relacionadas con él, lo cual podría constituir una condición de vulnerabilidad para el humedal. Como parte de un estudio socioambiental que se realiza en la zona, mediante entrevistas y talleres, se determinó la percepción de las y los pobladores de Corral de Piedra acerca de los cambios en el entorno; así como las principales características de la comunidad que favorecerían una exitosa gestión comunitaria del agua

Factores de competitividad de las pymes del sector de restaurantes en Bogotá, localidad la Candelaria

La presente investigación tuvo como objeto identificar los factores de competitividad de las PYMES del sector de restaurantes, ubicadas en la localidad de La Candelaria-Bogotá. La investigación fue de corte cuantitativo, descriptivo, con diseño longitudinal; se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos la encuesta estructurada, los datos se procesaron en Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). El estudio arrojó como datos significativos distribuciones de frecuencias que permitieron determinar los factores  de competitividad de estas PYMES. Entre las conclusiones se encuentra que las estrategias competitivas de los restaurantes de La Candelaria, se basan en el buen servicio e identidad folclórica, también en la sazón que se origina en la combinación de sabores de diferentes regiones colombianas. AbstractThe present research has as main objective to identify the factors of competitiveness of SMEs in the sector of restaurants located in La Candelaria, Bogota. Cutting of the research was quantitative, descriptive, with longitudinal design; the structured survey, was used as a data collection instrument, the data were processed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the study showed as significant data frequency distributions that allowed determining the competitiveness factors of these SMEs. Between the conclusions, it find that the competitive strategies of the restaurants in La Candelaria, are based  in good service and identity folk, also in the seasoning, that originates in the combination of flavors from different regions of Colombia. Keywords: SMEs, Competitiveness, Restaurants Bogotá, Quantitative Research, Gastronomic Sector

Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?

To assess the role of age (early onset psychosis-EOP < 18 years vs. adult onset psychosis-AOP) and diagnosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders-SSD vs. bipolar disorders-BD) on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and prodromal symptoms in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis. 331 patients with a first episode of psychosis (7–35 years old) were recruited and 174 (52.6%) diagnosed with SSD or BD at one-year follow-up through a multicenter longitudinal study. The Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV diagnoses were administered. Generalized linear models compared the main effects and group interaction. 273 AOP (25.2 ± 5.1 years; 66.5% male) and 58 EOP patients (15.5 ± 1.8 years; 70.7% male) were included. EOP patients had significantly more prodromal symptoms with a higher frequency of trouble with thinking, avolition and hallucinations than AOP patients, and significantly different median DUP (91 [33–177] vs. 58 [21–140] days; Z = − 2.006, p = 0.045). This was also significantly longer in SSD vs. BD patients (90 [31–155] vs. 30 [7–66] days; Z = − 2.916, p = 0.004) who, moreover had different profiles of prodromal symptoms. When assessing the interaction between age at onset (EOP/AOP) and type of diagnosis (SSD/BD), avolition was significantly higher (Wald statistic = 3.945; p = 0.047), in AOP patients with SSD compared to AOP BD patients (p = 0.004). Awareness of differences in length of DUP and prodromal symptoms in EOP vs. AOP and SSD vs. BD patients could help improve the early detection of psychosis among minors

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Experiencias en el aula: cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras, evento que se llevo a cabo los días 7 y 8 de Octubre de 2019

Experiencias en el aula: cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras, evento que se llevo a cabo los días 7 y 8 de Octubre de 2019