10 Gigabit White Rabbit: sub-nanosecond timing and data distribution

Time synchronization is a critical feature for many scientific facilities and industrial infrastructures. The required performance is progressively increasing everyday, for instance, few tens of nanoseconds for Fifth Generation (5G) networks or sub-nanosecond accuracy on next family of particle accelerators and astrophysics telescopes. Due to this exigent accuracy, many applications require specific timing dedicated networks, increasing the system cost and complexity. Under this context, the new IEEE 1588-2019 High Accuracy (HA) default profile is intensively based on White Rabbit (WR) which can provide sub-nanosecond accurate synchronization for Ethernet networks. However, current WR solutions have not been designed to work properly with high data bandwidth delivery services even in 1 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) links. On this contribution, the authors propose a new architecture design that enables WR and, consequently, the IEEE 1588-2019 HA profile to be deployed over 10 GbE links solving the already identified data bandwidth problem. Furthermore, this work addresses different experiments needed to characterize the system performance in terms of time synchronization and data transfer. As final result, this contribution presents for the first time in the literature a new WR system which allows high bandwidth data exchange in 10 GbE networks while providing sub-nanosecond accuracy synchronization. The proposed solution maintains the time synchronization performance of existing WR 1 GbE devices with significant advantages in terms of latency and data bandwidth, enabling its deployment in applications that integrate data and synchronization information in the same network.European Union (EU) 725490H2020 ASTERICS 653477AMIGA7 RTI2018-096228-B-C3

Studies of the early medieval pottery of Al-Andalus

Se adjunta el archivo de las pruebas de imprenta. "The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com"This paper presents a review of the studies of early medieval (Amiral and Caliphal) pottery in al-Andalus. It opens with a discussion of the first archaeological and ceramics surveys, including an assessment of their historical and theoretical contexts and their relevance to the developing discipline. After discussion of the contributions and also shortcomings of current approaches, the article closes by sketching the direction of future research

Sociotechnical options of irrigation and dry agriculture: case study of the Vega of Granada

En el archivo adjunto se incluye la versión del artículo previa a su publicación y la traducción al inglés.En este artículo los autores hemos combinado nuestra experiencia en el estudio de la cerámica altomedieval y de los paisajes de regadío y hemos propuesto un modelo teórico para explicar el desarrollo del regadío en España a costa de los espacios de agricultura de secano. Nuestro modelo se basa en los conceptos de "antropología social de la tecnología" de B. Pfaffenberger y "habitus" de P. Bourdieu.In this paper the authors have combined our experience in the study of early medieval pottery and irrigation landscapes and have proposed a theoretical model to explain the enabling of irrigation in Spain at the expense of the spaces of dry agriculture. Our model draws concepts from B. Pfaffenberger's "Social Anthropology of Technology" and P. Bourdieu's "habitus"

Quantification of Ventilated Façade Effect Due to Convection in Buildings

[EN] The external layer in a building has a paramount role under the building s energy behaviour point of view. The ventilated façade is a passive system installed on buildings to improve the global energy behaviour. The ventilated façade performance is described. Ventilated façade is mainly based on convection and radiation. This contribution focuses on the convective effect due to buoyancy driven respect to wind forces in the ventilated gap and their influence on the building thermal behaviour. To do so, several computational fluid dynamics models are undertaken with 1.5m/s, 0.5m/s and 0.2m/s wind velocities and a wind temperature of 298K and 300K. In the modelled conditions, the temperature of the external face of the façade was decreased due to the ventilated façade effect at 0.2m/s. 35% of the temperature reduction was due to natural convection buoyancy-driven effect and the rest due to wind-driven effect. With higher wind velocities (1.5m/s) the temperature reduction due to the convective effect was negligible. According to these simple trials, it can be concluded that the buoyancy driven forces have influence only below a certain threshold of wind velocity. The paper helps to better understand the behaviour of the ventilated façade installed in a building and allow designers to quantify the influence of the façade on the global building energy balance.Mora-Pérez, M.; López-Patiño, G.; López Jiménez, PA. (2014). Quantification of Ventilated Façade Effect Due to Convection in Buildings. Researches and Applications in Mechanical Engineering. 3(1):1-11. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/107309S1113

Metodología de crecimiento empresarial para la microempresa en Pereira

Esta investigación realizada con el propósito de diseñar una metodología de crecimiento empresarial para las microempresas en la ciudad de Pereira, toma como objeto de estudio las empresas clasificadas en el código CIIU en la sección F y división 47, denominadas “COMERCIO AL POR MENOR (INCLUSO EL COMERCIO AL POR MENOR DE COMBUSTIBLES), EXCEPTO EL DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS”. En esta división (47) se seleccionaron las del grupo 4771, “Comercio al por menor de prendas de vestir y sus accesorios”, incluye artículos de piel en establecimientos especializados, comercializadoras al por menor de prendas de vestir y artículos de cuero. La investigación se inició en el año 2015 y fue hasta septiembre del año 2016. Durante este periodo se realizó una investigación de campo, a través de encuesta, con el fin de conocer de manera mucho más el sector e identificar las variables a tener en cuenta para el diseño del modelo. Se tomaron las microempresas con más de 3 años en el mercado, con el objetivo de identificar en estas empresas por qué han permanecido en el mercado. En el análisis realizado a las microempresas que participaron en el estudio, se identificó que tienen una tendencia positiva en el crecimiento de sus ventas, mostrando que el sector comercio contribuye de manera significativa a la economía de la ciudad de Pereira. En estos sectores se incluye el de hotelería, restaurantes y turismo. Como resultado de la investigación, se entrega un modelo que toma como punto de partida las variables encontradas en el análisis de los factores claves que impactan las empresas, además con este modelo se podrá trabajar con información sobre los estados financieros de las empresas para obtener un análisis de su estructura, se relacionan indicadores que permiten conocer la información sobre el estado en que se encuentra la microempresa, y así tomar decisiones acertadas y darle un buen manejo a los recursos

IEEE 1588 High Accuracy Default Profile: Applications and Challenges

Highly accurate synchronization has become a major requirement because of the rise of distributed applications, regulatory requests and position, navigation and timing backup needs. This fact has led to the development of new technologies which fulfill the new requirements in terms of accuracy and dependability. Nevertheless, some of these novel proposals have lacked determinism, robustness, interoperability, deployability, scalability or management tools preventing them to be extensively used in real industrial scenarios. Different segments require accurate timing information over a large number of nodes. Due to the high availability and low price of global satellite-based time references, many critical distributed facilities depend on them. However, the vulnerability to jamming or spoofing represents a well-known threat and back-up systems need to be deployed to mitigate it. The recently approved draft standard IEEE 1588-2019 includes the High Accuracy Default Precision Time Protocol Profile which is intensively based on the White Rabbit protocol. White Rabbit is an extension of current IEEE 1588-2008 network synchronization protocol for sub-nanosecond synchronization. This approach has been validated and intensively used during the last years. This paper revises the pre-standard protocol to expose the challenges that the High Accuracy profile will find after its release and covers existing applications, promising deployments and the technological roadmap, providing hints and an overview of features to be studied. The authors review different issues that have prevented the industrial adoption of White Rabbit in the past and introduce the latest developments that will facilitate the next IEEE 1588 High Accuracy extensive adoption.This work was supported in part by the AMIGA6 under Grant AYA2015-65973-C3-2-R, in part by the AMIGA7 under Grant RTI2018-096228-B-C32, and in part by the Torres Quevedo under Grant PTQ2018-010198

The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value

Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in this field. Algae are not only of high ecological value but also of great economic importance. Possible applications of algae are very diverse and include anti-biofilm activity, production of biofuels, bioremediation, as fertilizer, as fish feed, as food or food ingredients, in pharmacology (since they show antioxidant or contraceptive activities), in cosmeceutical formulation, and in such other applications as filters or for obtaining minerals. In this context, algae as food can be of help to maintain or even improve human health, and there is a growing interest in new products called functional foods, which can promote such a healthy state. Therefore, in this search, one of the main areas of research is the extraction and characterization of new natural ingredients with biological activity (e.g., prebiotic and antioxidant) that can contribute to consumers? well-being. The present review shows the results of a bibliographic survey on the chemical composition of macroalgae, together with a critical discussion about their potential as natural sources of new functional ingredients.Fil: Gomez Zavaglia, Andrea. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Prieto Lage, Miguel Ángel. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Jiménez López, Cecilia. Universidad de Vigo.; EspañaFil: Mejuto, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Vigo. Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense; EspañaFil: Simal Gándara, Jesús. Universidad de Vigo; Españ

V centers in MgAl2O4 spinels

V centers induced by ionizing irradiation at 80 or 300 K in single-crystal and polycrystalline MgAl2O4 samples have been studied by use of electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption. Vt- and Vo2- centers, as a result of hole trapping at tetrahedral and octahedral cation vacancies, respectively, have been found to be responsible for two EPR bands centered at g=2.011 and optical absorption bands involved in the complex absorption spectrum at about 3.4 eV. These centers anneal thermally in a very wide step from 220 to 575 K. © 1991 The American Physical SocietyPeer Reviewe

Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain

Subjective and objective measures of quality of life (QoL) were obtained for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) living in Andalusia (Spain). Seventy-four families responded to question- naires about objective QoL indicators such as employment, health, adaptive behaviour and social network, and were asked to act as proxies for subjective QoL measures. Outcome on objective QoL was extremely poor. Social networks were most frequently composed of family members. Community-oriented resources were absent in most cases. For two-thirds of the families, the ability to act as proxies for subjective QoL was seriously limited by the participants’ poor social and communicative abilities. The results are indicative of the need for additional support to families of adults with ASD and increased community-based resources. Further conceptualization of indicators and measurement of subjective QoL in individuals with severe disabilities and ASD is also needed in order to include their own perspective in the evaluation of service provision