The Impact of Environmental Accounting on Transnational Organizations in Mexico

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, describir cómo algunas organizaciones transnacionales con presencia en México han intentado incluir prácticas de la contabilidad ambiental en sus reportes financieros como consecuencia de sus actividades ambientales para la implementación de la nueva normatividad ambiental, así como los retos que han tenido que enfrentar. Para ello, se involucró un tipo de investigación bibliográfica documental constando de las siguientes fases: recopilación de información de los elementos a través de una revisión en las principales bases de datos como revistas académicas, documentos publicados por organismos referentes al tema, libros y reportes financieros, el cual se puede concluir el importante avance que se ha hecho en México que, no obstante, es posible seguir perfeccionando.The present work aims to describe how some transnational organizations with a presence in Mexico have attempted to incorporate environmental accounting practices into their financial reports because of their environmental activities for the implementation of new environmental regulations, as well as the challenges they have had to face. To achieve this, a type of documentary bibliographic research was conducted, consisting of the following phases: Collection of information from the elements through a review in the main databases such as academic journals, documents published by organizations related to the topic, books, and financial reports. With this, it can be concluded that significant progress has been made in México which, nevertheless, can still be further perfected

Mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disease between normal cognitive ageing and dementia. In recent years the term MCI has been recognized as a pre-dementia state, raising an important subject for investigation in the prevention of dementia. There are various terms related to pre-dementia MCI, such as isolated memory complaint and pre-Alzheimer’s disease; most of them do not comprise all the areas related to MCI. A central cholinergic deficit is present in amnestic MCI with neuronal loss in the Meynert basal nucleus. It is estimated that the rate of progression to dementia is about 10% every year. The prevalence of MCI is 10%-11% and the risk of progression to dementia is about 5%-16%. The continual development of pharmacologic approaches to modify and delay the natural history of progression of the disease motivates a great interest in an earlier diagnosis

Dynamics of executive functions, basic psychological needs, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms in american football players

Executive functions play an important role in sports since the ability to plan, organize, and regulate behavior to reach an objective or goal depends on these functions. Some of the components of executive functions, such as inhibition of impulsive behavior and cognitive flexibility, are necessary for contact sports (e.g., American football) to carry out successful plays on the sports field. Executive functions have been studied in the sporting environment, but their relationship with the athletes' basic psychological needs (BPN), such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, remains unexplored. Due to the importance of motivational processes over cognitive functions and in the generated adaptive results in athletes, this relationship should be taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare executive functioning and psychological need thwarting overimpulsivity and psychological distress, before and after the season (4 months) in 28 undergraduate football players. Neuropsychological and psychological tests were applied. The results showed that there was an improvement in inhibition and planning at the end of the season. There was also an increase in attention and motor impulsiveness, and a decrease in need thwarting at the end of the season. A positive association between executive function, impulsiveness, psychological needs, and affective symptoms were also found. Our findings reveal the dynamics of sport-related psychological variables throughout the sport season in American football players, the association of these for the achievement of sport success, and the importance of encouraging proper management of emotions

Dynamics of Executive Functions, Basic Psychological Needs, Impulsivity, and Depressive Symptoms in American Football Players

Executive functions play an important role in sports since the ability to plan, organize,and regulate behavior to reach an objective or goal depends on these functions. Someof the components of executive functions, such as inhibition of impulsive behavior andcognitive flexibility, are necessary for contact sports (e.g., American football) to carryout successful plays on the sports field. Executive functions have been studied in thesporting environment, but their relationship with the athletes’ basic psychological needs(BPN), such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, remains unexplored. Due tothe importance of motivational processes over cognitive functions and in the generatedadaptive results in athletes, this relationship should be taken into account. Therefore, theaim of this study was to analyze and compare executive functioning and psychologicalneed thwarting overimpulsivity and psychological distress, before and after the season(4 months) in 28 undergraduate football players. Neuropsychological and psychologicaltests were applied. The results showed that there was an improvement in inhibitionand planning at the end of the season. There was also an increase in attention andmotor impulsiveness, and a decrease in need thwarting at the end of the season.A positive association between executive function, impulsiveness, psychological needs,and affective symptoms were also found. Our findings reveal the dynamics of sport-related psychological variables throughout the sport season in American football players,the association of these for the achievement of sport success, and the importance ofencouraging proper management of emotions

Plant Metabolites in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Medicinal plants are widely used worldwide to treat various diseases. Its widespread use is due in part to the cultural acceptance of traditional medicine in different regions of the world, as well as its effectiveness in treating various diseases. Many of its active substances or secondary metabolites are formed to a response of various situations that generate stress in their habitat, such as sudden changes in environmental temperature, humidity, rain, drought, and infections by phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, protozoa). The production of these secondary metabolites is a mechanism of defense of plants. In this context, the objective of this chapter is to study the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants that could have a promising application in the control of different phytopathogens in crops of agricultural and economic interest

Muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, calf circumference and grip strength in older adults

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the correlation between muscle mass, measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), with calf circumference and grip strength.Materials and methodsCross-sectional and observational study. Including all functional adults over 60 years of age seen in our Geriatric Clinic during the months of March 2013–February 2014. Measurements of weight, height, BMI, calf circumference, grip strength and muscle mass by BIA were made after the signature of informed consent.Results105 patients were evaluated, 73 women and 32 men, with a mean age of 76 years (SD±7.3). Muscle mass showed a mild positive correlation with calf circumference: Pearson (r=0.31; p=0.000) and a moderate positive correlation with grip strength: Pearson (r=0.50; p=0.000).DiscussionMuscle mass by BIA has a positive correlation with calf circumference and grip strength, and is a reliable measure to assess muscle mass and physical performance in older adults in geriatric ambulatory clinics and can be used in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Mexican patients

Clinical Relevance of Medicinal Plants and Foods of Vegetal Origin on the Activity of Cytochrome P450

Drug metabolism is a pharmacokinetic process whose main objective is to modify the chemical structure of drugs to easily excretable compounds. This process is carried out through phase I and phase II reactions. The enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) participate in phase I reactions, and their activity can be inhibited or induced by xenobiotics. The aim of this chapter is to study the clinical relevance of the induction and inhibition of CYP450, by describing the effect that some bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants or foods can modify, either increasing or decreasing the activity of CYP450 enzymes and with it modify the bioavailability and depuration of drugs. Examples will be described on the interaction of medicinal plants and foods of vegetal origin that when combined with some drugs can generate toxicity or therapeutic failure; this will allow gathering relevant information on the adequate pharmacological management in different clinical situations

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in patients with Alzheimer's disease in Mexico

To our knowledge, this is the first study reported in the literature that has validated the Norma Latina Battery in a population of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Mexico. The objective of the study was to determine the discriminant validity of the Norma Latina Battery in a group of Mexican individuals with AD and a group of heathy controls (HC). The Norma Latina Battery was administered to 234 Mexican participants (117 HC and 117 individuals with AD). Results show that: (1) the Norma Latina Battery has high discriminative capacity between groups in all domains; (2) participants with AD presented worse scores in each of the cognitive domains compared to the HC and a greater number of low scores in each of the established thresholds or cut-off points; and finally, (3) the Norma Latina Battery had optimal sensitivity and specificity, especially when a set was observed ≥5 scores below the 10th percentile or ≥4 scores below the 5th percentile. In conclusion, it is recommended that both clinicians and researchers use this battery in the evaluation of Mexican people with AD to better understand the prognosis of the disease and its subsequent treatment

EFECTO DE UN TALLER VIVENCIAL DE ENFOQUE HISTÓRICO CULTURAL DIRIGIDO HACIA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CONDUCTA ASERTIVA DE NIÑOS DE CUARTO GRADO DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

Desde una intervención sociocultural se tuvo como objetivo que los niños desarrollaran habilidades de asertividad para mejorar el ambiente grupal dentro y fuera del aula, esto se llevó a cabo mediante la estrategia denominada ‘taller vivencial’, el cual se realizó a lo largo de 12 sesiones, la población con la cual se trabajó estuvo conformada por dos grupos de cuarto grado, pertenecientes a dos primarias ubicadas en el Estado de México. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se demuestra que la intervención tuvo éxito al haberse observado y registrado mejoras en las áreas detectadas como problemáticas, por lo que el taller vivencial es una modalidad eficaz para favorecer el desarrollo de habilidades sociales.   Palabras clave: Taller vivencial, intervención, asertividad, desarrollo