Supplementary_Materials – Supplemental material for Circulating tumor DNA as prognostic markers for late stage NSCLC with bone metastasis

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials for Circulating tumor DNA as prognostic markers for late stage NSCLC with bone metastasis by Jiguang Jia, Bin Huang, Zhengling Zhuang, Sen Chen in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Highly Efficient Catalytic Ozonization at Ultralow Temperatures of Multicomponent VOCs over the Pt/CeO₂ Catalysts

Industrial flue gas has a great impact on the atmosphere environment and human health, and its emission temperatures are usually below 180 °C, which needs a new technology that can catalyze the removal of the multicomponent VOCs over high-performance catalysts in the presence of ozone. In this work, we prepared the Pt/CeO2 catalysts with different morphologies of Pt particles and investigated their catalytic performance for the ozonization of mixed VOCs (i.e., toluene and chlorobenzene (CB)). Among all of the as-prepared samples, Pt NRs/CeO2 with nanorod-like Pt particles showed excellent catalytic performance for the ozonization of toluene and CB. The T50% (the temperature at VOC conversion = 50%) values for toluene and CB ozonization were 40 and 48 °C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL g–1 h–1, respectively. The results of characterization revealed that the reactive oxygen species involved in the VOC ozonization were mainly the O2– and O22– species, surface oxygen vacancies of CeO2 were the active sites for the conversion of ozone to the reactive oxygen species, and the O2– species was the mainly active oxygen species in the low-temperature VOC oxidation. Furthermore, partial reactive oxygen species reacted with the Ptn+ species to generate more amount of the Pt0 species, and the metallic platinum species was the main active site for the adsorption and activation of toluene and CB. The chemisorbed VOCs at the Pt0 sites reacted with the reactive oxygen species at the interface of Pt and CeO2, resulting in the excellent low-temperature catalytic activity. Compared with the reaction without ozone participation, we find that the participation of ozone can not only decrease the reaction temperature but also reduce the production of toxic byproducts. We are sure that the Pt/CeO2 catalyst is promising in practical application for elimination of the VOCs from industrial flue gas

Acidic media enables oxygen-tolerant electrosynthesis of multicarbon products from simulated flue gas

Abstract Renewable electricity powered electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) offers a valuable method to close the carbon cycle and reduce our overreliance on fossil fuels. However, high purity CO2 is usually required as feedstock, which potentially decreases the feasibility and economic viability of the process. Direct conversion of flue gas is an attractive option but is challenging due to the low CO2 concentration and the presence of O2 impurities. As a result, up to 99% of the applied current can be lost towards the undesired oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we show that acidic electrolyte can significantly suppress ORR on Cu, enabling generation of multicarbon products from simulated flue gas. Using a composite Cu and carbon supported single-atom Ni tandem electrocatalyst, we achieved a multicarbon Faradaic efficiency of 46.5% at 200 mA cm-2, which is ~20 times higher than bare Cu under alkaline conditions. We also demonstrate stable performance for 24 h with a multicarbon product full-cell energy efficiency of 14.6%. Strikingly, this result is comparable to previously reported acidic CO2R systems using pure CO2. Our findings demonstrate a potential pathway towards designing efficient electrolyzers for direct conversion of flue gas to value-added chemicals and fuels

Addressing biodisaster X threats with artificial intelligence and 6G technologies:literature review and critical insights

Abstract Background: With advances in science and technology, biotechnology is becoming more accessible to people of all demographics. These advances inevitably hold the promise to improve personal and population well-being and welfare substantially. It is paradoxical that while greater access to biotechnology on a population level has many advantages, it may also increase the likelihood and frequency of biodisasters due to accidental or malicious use. Similar to “Disease X” (describing unknown naturally emerging pathogenic diseases with a pandemic potential), we term this unknown risk from biotechnologies “Biodisaster X.” To date, no studies have examined the potential role of information technologies in preventing and mitigating Biodisaster X. Objective: This study aimed to explore (1) what Biodisaster X might entail and (2) solutions that use artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging 6G technologies to help monitor and manage Biodisaster X threats. Methods: A review of the literature on applying AI and 6G technologies for monitoring and managing biodisasters was conducted on PubMed, using articles published from database inception through to November 16, 2020. Results: Our findings show that Biodisaster X has the potential to upend lives and livelihoods and destroy economies, essentially posing a looming risk for civilizations worldwide. To shed light on Biodisaster X threats, we detailed effective AI and 6G-enabled strategies, ranging from natural language processing to deep learning–based image analysis to address issues ranging from early Biodisaster X detection (eg, identification of suspicious behaviors), remote design and development of pharmaceuticals (eg, treatment development), and public health interventions (eg, reactive shelter-at-home mandate enforcement), as well as disaster recovery (eg, sentiment analysis of social media posts to shed light on the public’s feelings and readiness for recovery building). Conclusions: Biodisaster X is a looming but avoidable catastrophe. Considering the potential human and economic consequences Biodisaster X could cause, actions that can effectively monitor and manage Biodisaster X threats must be taken promptly and proactively. Rather than solely depending on overstretched professional attention of health experts and government officials, it is perhaps more cost-effective and practical to deploy technology-based solutions to prevent and control Biodisaster X threats. This study discusses what Biodisaster X could entail and emphasizes the importance of monitoring and managing Biodisaster X threats by AI techniques and 6G technologies. Future studies could explore how the convergence of AI and 6G systems may further advance the preparedness for high-impact, less likely events beyond Biodisaster X

Evolutionarily significant A-to-I RNA editing events originated through G-to-A mutations in primates

Abstract Background Recent studies have revealed thousands of A-to-I RNA editing events in primates, but the origination and general functions of these events are not well addressed. Results Here, we perform a comparative editome study in human and rhesus macaque and uncover a substantial proportion of macaque A-to-I editing sites that are genomically polymorphic in some animals or encoded as non-editable nucleotides in human. The occurrence of these recent gain and loss of RNA editing through DNA point mutation is significantly more prevalent than that expected for the nearby regions. Ancestral state analyses further demonstrate that an increase in recent gain of editing events contribute to the over-representation, with G-to-A mutation site as a favorable location for the origination of robust A-to-I editing events. Population genetics analyses of the focal editing sites further reveal that a portion of these young editing events are evolutionarily significant, indicating general functional relevance for at least a fraction of these sites. Conclusions Overall, we report a list of A-to-I editing events that recently originated through G-to-A mutations in primates, representing a valuable resource to investigate the features and evolutionary significance of A-to-I editing events at the population and species levels. The unique subset of primate editome also illuminates the general functions of RNA editing by connecting it to particular gene regulatory processes, based on the characterized outcome of a gene regulatory level in different individuals or primate species with or without these editing events