Dual and triple antithrombotic pharmacotherapy i n patients with coronary heart disease complicated with atrial fibrillation after percutaneous coronary intervention

Purpose: To compare the influence of triple antithrombotic therapy (warfarin + aspirin + clopidogrel) and dual antithrombotic therapy (aspirin + clopidogrel) on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary stent implantation.Methods: A total of 210 patients with coronary heart disease and complicated with AF, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were enrolled. They were divided into a triple antithrombotic therapy group (TT group) and a dual antithrombotic therapy group (DT group). The risks of hemorrhage and MACCEs were evaluated via follow-up and multivariate regression analysis.Results: Based on the classification criteria for bleeding in Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO), there were 6 and 0 patients with significant hemorrhage in TT and DT groups, respectively, during the one year of follow-up (p = 0.013). The total number of MACCEs of 52 and 61 for both groups was not significantly different (p = 0.213). Moreover, the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the histories of ischemia and stroke (p = 0.023), heart failure (p = 0.007), and high CHA2DS2-VASc score (p = 0.004) were the risk factors for MACCEs.Conclusion: Compared with dual antithrombotic therapy, triple antithrombotic therapy increases the risk of major hemorrhage in AF patients after PCI, but does not noticeably reduce the incidence of MACCEs during one year of follow-up

Spektrofotometrijska metoda određivanja triptofana iz hidrolizata proteina

A novel spectrophotometric method for determination of tryptophan content in protein hydrolysates has been developed. The reagent used is diphenylamine sulphonate which is oxidised to diphenylbenzidine sulphonic acid after reacting with sodium nitrite in the sulphuric acid medium. The unstable oxidation product reacts quickly with sodium nitrite to produce a diazotized intermediate. When the diazotized intermediate is coupled with tryptophan, a pink colour product is developed, which is stable for at least 1 h at the ambient temperature. This coloured product has the absorption maximum at 522 nm and the molar absorptivity is 8900 L/(mol·cm). Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0.30–12 mg/mL. The method is applied for the analysis of tryptophan content in grass carp protein hydrolysates. Moreover, it is compared with the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There is no significant (p<0.05) difference between the two results. The method is simple, rapid and accurate compared to the previous methods.Razvijena je nova metoda određivanja udjela triptofana u hidrolizatima proteina. Kao reagens upotrijebljen je difenilamin-sulfonat, koji reakcijom s natrijevim nitritom u mediju sa sulfatnom kiselinom oksidira u difenilbenzidin-sulfonsku kiselinu. Nestabilan proizvod oksidacije brzo reagira s natrijevim nitritom te nastaje diazotizirani intermedijer. Spajanjem diazotiziranog intermedijera s triptofanom nastaje produkt ružičaste boje koji je barem 1 sat stabilan na sobnoj temperaturi. Taj obojeni produkt ima apsorpcijski maksimum pri 522 nm i molarni apsorpcijski koeficijent od 8900 L/(mol·cm), te se ponaša u skladu s Beerovim zakonom u rasponu od 0,30 do 12 µg/mL. Ova se metoda primjenjuje za analizu udjela triptofana u hidrolizatima proteina amura, te je uspoređena s visokotlačnom tekućinskom kromatografijom obrnutih faza (RP-HPLC). Nije primijećena značajna razlika (p<0,05) između rezultata tih dviju metoda. Spektrofotometrijska metoda određivanja triptofana je jednostavnija, brža i preciznija od ranije korištenih metoda

Air Quality and Health-Related Impacts of Traditional and Alternate Jet Fuels From Airport Aircraft Operations in the U.S.

13-C-AJFF-UNC-010, 012This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Calvin A. Arter, Jonathan J. Buonocore, Chowdhury Moniruzzaman, Dongmei Yang, Jiaoyan Huang, Saravanan Arunachalam, Air quality and health-related impacts of traditional and alternate jet fuels from airport aircraft operations in the U.S., Environment International, Volume 158, 2022, 106958, ISSN 0160-4120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106958.Aviation emissions from landing and takeoff operations (LTO) can degrade local and regional air quality leading to adverse health outcomes in populations near airports and downwind. In this study we aim to quantify the air quality and health-related impacts from commercial LTO emissions in the continental U.S. for two recent years\u2019 inventories, 2011 and 2016. We quantify the LTO-attributable PM2.5, O3, and NO2 concentrations and health outcomes for mortality and multiple morbidity health endpoints. We also quantify the impacts from two scenarios representing a nation-wide implementation of 5% or 50% blends of sustainable alternative jet fuels. We estimate 80 (68\u201393) and 88 (75\u2013100) PM2.5-attributable and 610 (310\u2013920) and 1,100 (570\u20131,700) NO2- attributable premature mortalities in 2011 and 2016, respectively. We estimate a net decrease of 28 (14\u201356) and 54 (27\u2013110) in O3-attributable premature mortalities across the U.S. in 2011 and 2016, respectively due to the large O3 titration effects near the airports. We also find that the asthma exacerbations due to NO2 exposures from LTO emissions increase from 100,000 (2,500\u2013200,000) in 2011 to 170,000 (4,400\u2013340,000) in 2016. Implementing a 5% or 50% blend of sustainable alternative jet fuel in 2016 results in a 1% or 18% reduction, respectively in PM2.5-attributable premature mortalities. Monetizing the value of avoided total premature mortalities, we find that a 50%-blended sustainable alternative jet fuel results in a 19% decrease in PM2.5 damages per ton of fuel burned and a 2% decrease in total damages per ton of fuel burned as compared to damages from traditional jet fuel. We also quantify health impacts by state and find California to be the most impacted by LTO emissions. We find that LTO-attributable PM2.5 and NO2 premature mortalities increase by 10% and 80%, respectively from 2011 to 2016 and that NO2-attributable premature mortalities are responsible for 91% of total LTO-attributable premature mortalities in both 2011 and 2016. And since we find LTO-attributable NO2 to be unaffected by the implementation of sustainable alternative jet fuels, additional approaches focused on NOX reductions in the combustor are needed to mitigate the air quality-related health impacts from LTO emissions

Superior strength of tri-layered Al-Cu-Al nano-composites processed by high-pressure torsion

This investigation demonstrates that a solid-state reaction occurs by the application of high-pressure torsion (HPT) in the production of nanostructured multilayered hybrid Al-Cu systems. Three-layered stacks of Al/Cu/Al were subjected for up to 200 revolutions of HPT under an applied pressure of 6.0 GPa. Microstructural and mechanical properties analysis were carried out after HPT using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX), microhardness measurements and tensile tests. The SEM observations revealed the formation of a multi-nano-layered structure in the whole volume of the disks. Further investigations with the use of TEM demonstrated that each nano-layer consists of nano-grains having sizes of about 20 nm. Analysis by XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed the formation of intermetallic CuAl2 and Cu9Al4 phases in the layered structures. The experiments also showed a significant improvement in microhardness (up to ~450 Hv) and tensile properties (over 900 MPa of UTS after 200 turns) when compared to both Al-1050 and 99.95%Cu alloys in the initial state and after HPT processing. The results demonstrate that HPT offers an outstanding opportunity for producing novel nanostructured Al-Cu multilayered composites having unique mechanical properties

Maximizing Coverage Quality with Budget Constrained in Mobile Crowd-Sensing Network for Environmental Monitoring Applications

The Mobile Crowd-sensing Network is a novel cyber&#8722;physical&#8722;social network which has received great attention recently and can be used as a powerful tool to monitor the phenomenon of the field of interest. Due to the limited budget, how to choose appropriate participants to maximize the coverage quality is one of the most important issues when the mobile crowd-sensing network applies to practical application, such as air quality monitoring. In this paper, given the number of available participants, the traverse path and the reward of each participant, we investigate the problem of how to choose suitable participants to monitor an environment of a critical region by a crowd-sensing network, while the total rewards for all selected participants is not larger than the limited budget. In our solution, we first divide a big critical region such as a city into smaller regions of different size, and select some sampling points in the smaller region; the collected data of those sampling points represents the collected data of the whole smaller region. Then, we design a greedy algorithm to select participants to cover the maximum sampling points while the total rewards of selected participants does not exceed the limited budget. Finally, we evaluate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm by conducting extensive simulations. The simulation results show that the greedy algorithm outperforms an existing scheme

Stability Control for a Walking-Chair Robot with Human in the Loop

In this paper, a human-machine shared stability control strategy is proposed for a walking-chair robot with human in the loop. We consider the human in the loop as the torso of the robot and human movement as disturbance control to the system stability. Then the safe input regions for joints are given based on the zero moment point(ZMP) criterion. The control inputs to the system are defined according to the safe input regions. When the system state stays in the safe region, the control input select the human input. When the system state leaves the safe region, a safe control is determined according to the safe input set and the human input, which changes with the different system states. The control input is determined to be the combination of the human input and the safe control. Smooth transition from human input to snapped safe input is achieved so as to guarantee the rubust of the stabilitiy control. Simulation is done to analyze the influence of human input on system stability. The results show that the strategy increase the system stability with human in the loop

Stability Control for a Walking-Chair Robot with Human in the Loop

In this paper, a human-machine shared stability control strategy is proposed for a walking-chair robot with human in the loop. We consider the human in the loop as the torso of the robot and human movement as disturbance control to the system stability. Then the safe input regions for joints are given based on the zero moment point(ZMP) criterion. The control inputs to the system are defined according to the safe input regions. When the system state stays in the safe region, the control input select the human input. When the system state leaves the safe region, a safe control is determined according to the safe input set and the human input, which changes with the different system states. The control input is determined to be the combination of the human input and the safe control. Smooth transition from human input to snapped safe input is achieved so as to guarantee the rubust of the stabilitiy control. Simulation is done to analyze the influence of human input on system stability. The results show that the strategy increase the system stability with human in the loop

Comparison of in vitro digestion characteristics and antioxidant Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 838 activity of hot- and cold-pressed peanut meals. Food Chem

a b s t r a c t Due to the poor protein solubility, hot-pressed peanut meal (HPM) has less value than cold-pressed peanut meal (CPM) in the food industry. The objective of this study was to determine whether the denatured proteins in HPM were suitable for hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. The hydrolysis characteristics and antioxidant activity of HPM and CPM during in vitro digestion were compared. The results showed that HPM was hydrolysed more extensively than CPM. There were more free amino acids and small peptides with MW &lt; 5 kDa in HPM hydrolysates. In addition, HPM hydrolysates displayed stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities, ORAC value and reducing power than CPM hydrolysates, which could be due to the higher content of small peptides, antioxidative amino acids and melanoidins in HPM hydrolysates. The above results indicated that HPM was a potential source of protein supplement for human consumption

Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Tryptophan in Protein Hydrolysates

A novel spectrophotometric method for determination of tryptophan content in protein hydrolysates has been developed. The reagent used is diphenylamine sulphonate which is oxidised to diphenylbenzidine sulphonic acid after reacting with sodium nitrite in the sulphuric acid medium. The unstable oxidation product reacts quickly with sodium nitrite to produce a diazotized intermediate. When the diazotized intermediate is coupled with tryptophan, a pink colour product is developed, which is stable for at least 1 h at the ambient temperature. This coloured product has the absorption maximum at 522 nm and the molar absorptivity is 8900 L/(mol·cm). Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0.30–12 mg/mL. The method is applied for the analysis of tryptophan content in grass carp protein hydrolysates. Moreover, it is compared with the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There is no significant (p<0.05) difference between the two results. The method is simple, rapid and accurate compared to the previous methods