Research and Design in Unified Coding Architecture for Smart Grids

 Standardized and sharing information platform is the foundation of the Smart Grids. In order to improve the dispatching center information integration of the power grids and achieve efficient data exchange, sharing and interoperability, a unified coding architecture is proposed. The architecture includes coding management layer, coding generation layer, information models layer and application system layer. Hierarchical design makes the whole coding architecture to adapt to different application environments, different interfaces, loosely coupled requirements, which can realize the integration model management function of the power grids. The life cycle and evaluation method of survival of unified coding architecture is proposed. It can ensure the stability and availability of the coding architecture. Finally, the development direction of coding technology of the Smart Grids in future is prospected

Availability simulation model of complex electromechanical systems with the consideration of testability parameters

This paper proposes a stochastic MFBD (maintenance function block diagram) to describe fault diagnosis dynamic behavior of availability fluctuation evaluation for complex electromechanical system, which considers comprehensive diagnostic parameters, maintenance process and resource. The availability evaluation of complex electromechanical systems is achieved by simulation method. Firstly, the faults are divided into several types according to the quantity relationship represented by testability parameters and the logic sequence of fault-related activities is modeled. Math models describing the uncertainty between activities are established, which are embedded within MFBD. The stochastic MFBD is transformed into a simulation model designed via PI (process interaction) algorithm. Finally, a discrete-event simulation example for availability analysis of complex electromechanical system is provided and the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method are verified

Function annotation of hepatic retinoid x receptor α based on genome-wide DNA binding and transcriptome profiling.

BackgroundRetinoid x receptor α (RXRα) is abundantly expressed in the liver and is essential for the function of other nuclear receptors. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and mRNA profiling data generated from wild type and RXRα-null mouse livers, the current study identifies the bona-fide hepatic RXRα targets and biological pathways. In addition, based on binding and motif analysis, the molecular mechanism by which RXRα regulates hepatic genes is elucidated in a high-throughput manner.Principal findingsClose to 80% of hepatic expressed genes were bound by RXRα, while 16% were expressed in an RXRα-dependent manner. Motif analysis predicted direct repeat with a spacer of one nucleotide as the most prevalent RXRα binding site. Many of the 500 strongest binding motifs overlapped with the binding motif of specific protein 1. Biological functional analysis of RXRα-dependent genes revealed that hepatic RXRα deficiency mainly resulted in up-regulation of steroid and cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes and down-regulation of translation- as well as anti-apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, RXRα bound to many genes that encode nuclear receptors and their cofactors suggesting the central role of RXRα in regulating nuclear receptor-mediated pathways.ConclusionsThis study establishes the relationship between RXRα DNA binding and hepatic gene expression. RXRα binds extensively to the mouse genome. However, DNA binding does not necessarily affect the basal mRNA level. In addition to metabolism, RXRα dictates the expression of genes that regulate RNA processing, translation, and protein folding illustrating the novel roles of hepatic RXRα in post-transcriptional regulation

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VALVE STRUCTURE OF HIGH POWER MARINE ENGINE

Valve as an important part of the gas distribution mechanism, is an crucial part of the engine. When the engine works, the valve is subjected to high temperature, high impact, frictional wear and corrosion and other harsh working conditions, and the reliable and durable valve has an important impact on the safety and reliability of the engine. In this paper, a model of four-stroke marine diesel engine valve is used as the research object, and the intake valve set and exhaust valve set models are established respectively. Heat transfer simulation and failure analysis of inlet and exhaust valves of different structures and materials under different operating conditions were carried out using finite element analysis. The results show that the different valve structures and manufacturing materials have different effects on the reliability of the valves; Changing the valve structures and choosing different valve manufacturing materials have a greater impact on the heat transfer and deformation, thus affecting the overall reliability of the valves

Function Annotation of Hepatic Retinoid x Receptor α Based on Genome-Wide DNA Binding and Transcriptome Profiling

Background Retinoid x receptor α (RXRα) is abundantly expressed in the liver and is essential for the function of other nuclear receptors. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and mRNA profiling data generated from wild type and RXRα-null mouse livers, the current study identifies the bona-fide hepatic RXRα targets and biological pathways. In addition, based on binding and motif analysis, the molecular mechanism by which RXRα regulates hepatic genes is elucidated in a high-throughput manner. Principal Findings Close to 80% of hepatic expressed genes were bound by RXRα, while 16% were expressed in an RXRα-dependent manner. Motif analysis predicted direct repeat with a spacer of one nucleotide as the most prevalent RXRα binding site. Many of the 500 strongest binding motifs overlapped with the binding motif of specific protein 1. Biological functional analysis of RXRα-dependent genes revealed that hepatic RXRα deficiency mainly resulted in up-regulation of steroid and cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes and down-regulation of translation- as well as anti-apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, RXRα bound to many genes that encode nuclear receptors and their cofactors suggesting the central role of RXRα in regulating nuclear receptor-mediated pathways. Conclusions This study establishes the relationship between RXRα DNA binding and hepatic gene expression. RXRα binds extensively to the mouse genome. However, DNA binding does not necessarily affect the basal mRNA level. In addition to metabolism, RXRα dictates the expression of genes that regulate RNA processing, translation, and protein folding illustrating the novel roles of hepatic RXRα in post-transcriptional regulation.This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DK092100 and CA053596 to YYW). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Genomic signatures and prognosis of advanced stage Chinese pediatric T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma by whole exome sequencing

ObjectiveTo investigate the genomic signatures and prognosis of advanced-stage T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and to examine the relationship between T-LBL and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).Methods35 Chinese T-LBL children with stage III or IV disease were recruited for this study. They were treated with combination chemotherapy and whole exome sequencing. The relationship of the clinical features, prognosis and specific gene mutations was researched. Gene chips of T-LBL and T-ALL were downloaded from a database, and differential gene expression was analyzed.ResultsGermline causal gene mutations (CARS or MAP2K2) were detected in 2 patients; 3.06 ± 2.21 somatic causal gene mutations were identified in the 35 patients, and somatic mutations were observed in the NOTCH1, FBXW7, PHF6 and JAK3 genes. NOTCH1 mutations were significantly associated with FBXW7 mutations, and the age at diagnosis of patients with NOTCH1-FBXW7 mutations was less than that of patients without such mutations (P < 0.05). 32 patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 14 and 18 patients were classified into the intermediate risk (IR) group and high risk (HR) group. During a median follow-up of 44 months, 3 patients relapsed. Three-year prospective event free survival (pEFS) was 82.286%, and no significant differences of pEFS were found for different sexes, ages, or statuses of NOTCH1-FBXW7 mutations, (P > 0.05); however, the mean survival time of the IR group was longer than that of the HR group (P < 0.05). Differential expression of genes in the T-LBL and/or T-ALL datasets was analyzed using the R package limma, and 1/3 of the differentially expressed genes were found in both the T-ALL and T-LBL datasets. High expression of PI3K-Akt signal pathway genes and the USP34 gene was found in the T-LBL dataset.ConclusionAlthough T-ALL and T-LBL both originate from precursor T-cells and are considered different manifestations of the same disease and the outcome of T-LBL is favorable when using T-ALL-based chemotherapy, there are differences in the gene distribution between T-LBL and T-ALL. It seems that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the USP34 gene play important roles in T-LBL, but medicines targeting the USP34 gene or the PI3K-Akt pathway may be invalid

The feasibility and efficiency for constructing arteriovenous fistula with <2 mm vein—a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAutogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an efficient hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The specific threshold of vein diameter still not reached a consensus.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles which comparing the treatment outcomes of AVF with 2 mm as vein diameter threshold. Fixed and random effect model were used for synthesis of results. Subgroup analysis was designed to assess the risk of bias.ResultEight high-quality articles were included finally. Among a total of 1,075 patients (675 males and 400 females), 227 and 809 patients possessed &lt;2 mm and ≥2 mm vein respectively. Apart from gender and coronary artery disease (P &lt; 0.05), there was no significant difference in age, diabetes, hypertension or radial artery between maturation and non-maturation groups. The functional maturation rate was lower in patients with &lt;2 mm vein according to fixed effect model [OR = 0.19, 95% CI (0.12, 0.30), P &lt; 0.01]. There was no significant difference in primary [OR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.12, 3.25), P = 0.58] or cumulative patency rates [OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.13, 1.19), P = 0.10].ConclusionVein diameter less than 2 mm has a negative impact on the functional maturation rate of AVF, while it does not affect the primary and cumulative patency rates (12 months)

UTR introns, antisense RNA and differentially spliced transcripts between Plasmodium yoelii subspecies

Additional file 1. Evaluation of RNA quality from the two NSM parasite samples in agarose gel (a), and a flow chart of data processing and analysis (b)