Building XML data warehouse based on frequent patterns in user queries

[Abstract]: With the proliferation of XML-based data sources available across the Internet, it is increasingly important to provide users with a data warehouse of XML data sources to facilitate decision-making processes. Due to the extremely large amount of XML data available on web, unguided warehousing of XML data turns out to be highly costly and usually cannot well accommodate the users’ needs in XML data acquirement. In this paper, we propose an approach to materialize XML data warehouses based on frequent query patterns discovered from historical queries issued by users. The schemas of integrated XML documents in the warehouse are built using these frequent query patterns represented as Frequent Query Pattern Trees (FreqQPTs). Using hierarchical clustering technique, the integration approach in the data warehouse is flexible with respect to obtaining and maintaining XML documents. Experiments show that the overall processing of the same queries issued against the global schema become much efficient by using the XML data warehouse built than by directly searching the multiple data sources

Tetra­ethyl­ammonium hexa­cyanidoferrate(III) bis­(diaqua­{6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[o-phenyl­enebis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}manganese(III))–methanol–ethanol (1/2/2)

In the title compound, (C8H20N)[Mn(C22H18N2O4)(H2O)2][Fe(CN)6]·2CH3OH·2C2H5OH or [NEt4][Mn(3-Meosalophen)(H2O)2]2[Fe(CN)6]·2CH3OH·2C2H5OH, the asymmetric unit consists of one half of an [NEt4]+ cation disordered around a twofold axis, the [Mn(3-Meosalophen)(H2O)2]+ coordination cation, one half of a C 2 symmetric [Fe(CN)6]3− anion and disordered methanol and ethanol solvent mol­ecules that are equally populated at two different sites. The MnIII atom chelated by the 3-Meosalophen ligand adopts a slightly distorted MnN2O4 octa­hedral geometry with the coordination completed by two water mol­ecules. The [Mn(3-Meosalophen)(H2O)2]+ cations, [Fe(CN)6]3- anions and solvent mol­ecules are connected into a zigzag chain through hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Therapeutic benefit of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination in the treatment of senile Alzheimer’s disease complicated by mental disorders

Purpose: To determine the clinical efficacy of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination treatment in elderly Alzheimer’s disease complicated with mental disorders. Methods: Ninety-two elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mental disorders who were admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital, were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into control and study groups. Control group was treated with olanzapine, while the study group was treated with aripiprazole as an adjuvant therapy in addition to olanzapine. The clinical efficacy, scores on different scales (MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI), and incidence of adverse reactions were determined. Results: The overall degree of response was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI scores between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). The MMSE score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the scores in the other scales in the study group were significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). The study group had significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions than control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aripiprazole-olanzapine combination has significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of elderly Alzheimer’s disease patients complicated with mental disorders. It promotes recovery of neurological function, as well as produces a lower incidence of adverse reactions. Keywords: Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Alzheimer’s disease, Mental disorder

Possible hard X-ray shortages in bursts from KS 1731-260 and 4U 1705-44

Aims: A hard X-ray shortage, implying the cooling of the corona, was observed during bursts of IGR J17473-272, 4U 1636-536, Aql X-1, and GS 1826-238. Apart from these four sources, we investigate here an atoll sample, in which the number of bursts for each source is larger than 5, to explore the possible additional hard X-ray shortage during {\it Rossi X-ray timing explorer (RXTE)} era. Methods: According to the source catalog that shows type-I bursts, we analyzed all the available pointing observations of these sources carried out by the {\it RXTE} proportional counter array (PCA). We grouped and combined the bursts according to their outburst states and searched for the possible hard X-ray shortage while bursting. Results: We found that the island states of KS 1731-260 and 4U 1705-44 show a hard X-ray shortage at significant levels of 4.5 and 4.7 $\sigma$ and a systematic time lag of $0.9 \pm 2.1$ s and $2.5 \pm 2.0$ s with respect to the soft X-rays, respectively. While in their banana branches and other sources, we did not find any consistent shortage.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&A as a research not

Towards a comprehensive understanding of design sketch - a literature review of design sketch taxonomy and considerations for future research / Min Hua ... [et. al]

Taxonomy is an important approach to characterize the roles of the sketch in design. Design researchers have made various attempts to classify design sketches. However, despite the extensive literature on the subject, the roles that sketch play in design are still not fully understood, especially those changing ones in today’s design context due to the development of CAD/ sketching software. This study performed a literature review of the design sketch taxonomies published over the last thirty years. The objective is to understand the major drawbacks that limit their effective implementation in the research of design sketch. This study developed a Generic Design Process model and proposed criteria for accessing design sketch taxonomies. This study has found that to achieve a comprehensive understanding of design sketch, many taxonomies have limitations in describing the whole design process and revealing the sub-functions of design sketch, which feature a lack of both integrity and accuracy. In addition, most of the taxonomies overlook the importance of non-working sketch, which is also an obstacle for its implementation in the field

Structural basis for DNMT3A-mediated de novo DNA methylation.

DNA methylation by de novo DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) and 3B (DNMT3B) at cytosines is essential for genome regulation and development. Dysregulation of this process is implicated in various diseases, notably cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying DNMT3 substrate recognition and enzymatic specificity remain elusive. Here we report a 2.65-ångström crystal structure of the DNMT3A-DNMT3L-DNA complex in which two DNMT3A monomers simultaneously attack two cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides, with the target sites separated by 14 base pairs within the same DNA duplex. The DNMT3A-DNA interaction involves a target recognition domain, a catalytic loop, and DNMT3A homodimeric interface. Arg836 of the target recognition domain makes crucial contacts with CpG, ensuring DNMT3A enzymatic preference towards CpG sites in cells. Haematological cancer-associated somatic mutations of the substrate-binding residues decrease DNMT3A activity, induce CpG hypomethylation, and promote transformation of haematopoietic cells. Together, our study reveals the mechanistic basis for DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation and establishes its aetiological link to human disease