Sportpropag – nepravděpodobné místo pro studium společnosti: Osobní pohled

Zpráva o rozpuštění Oddělení komplexního prognostického modelování v roce 1984 je osobním pohledem na tuto událost. Autor se v ní nesnaží o rekonstrukci celé výzkumné historie tohoto oddělení a jeho vztahů ke státním úřadům. Pokouší se jen porozumět z odstupu více než třiceti let jeho konstitutivní metodě komplexního prognostického modelování a tím i tomu, jako tato metoda dovolila vzniknout poměrně bohatému intelektuálnímu světu v časech komunistické "normalizace". Zpráva je rozdělena do dvou částí. V té první je Oddělení vylíčeno jako ostrov pozitivní deviace. Ve druhé části jsou představeny generačně a ideologicky utvářené přístupy k výzkumu různých jeho členů. Závěrečná diskuse je poněkud netypicky strukturována. Je v ní významnou měrou využito citací z tezí připravených k panelové diskusi etických problémů prognózování, která se konala několik měsíců před rozpuštěním Oddělení komunistickou stranou

Náruživost, koordinace a kontrolované užívání drog

Jakmile se náruživost dostane mimo kontrolu, ztrácejí závislí zodpovědnost, přičemž často následuje stigmatizace a exkluze z konvenčních rolí. Mnoho členů rodiny se ocitá v pasti nerovných, dysfunkčních vztahů. Tyto účinky náruživosti reinterpretujeme s využitím Kabeleho spravedlnostní teorie koordinace jako proces, ve kterém je soukromé dosažení spravedlnosti nemožné a mechanismus konstrukce reality se rozpadá. Protidrogové politiky selhávají při snaze o eliminaci náruživostí jako takových. Prohibiční politiky prohlubují rozpad konstrukce reality, zatímco medicínské a sociálně rehabilitační politiky mají určité omezené prostředky ke zlepšení. Proto předpokládáme, že politiky mohou přispět k minimalizaci nezamýšlených účinků náruživosti pouze nepřímými zásahy: zaměřením se na zvládání náruživosti a inkluzi do konvenčních rolí a podporou podmínek pro soukromé vyrovnání se s náruživostí. Doporučujeme strategii, která zahrnuje kontrolované užití drog, nebo obecněji rozvoj schopnosti kontroly vlastní náruživosti

Critically evaluating collaborative research: why is it difficult to extend truth tests to reality tests?

We argue that critical evaluation achieves the reflexivity needed to facilitate collaboration by proposing boundary-negotiating artefacts to configure a joint action domain. Those objects become mediators for innovation by triggering controversies, conceived preventatively via an organized extension of what Boltanski calls ‘truth tests’ to ‘reality tests’ so that they dynamize ongoing affairs. However, critical evaluation must also anticipate actors’ reappropriation of boundary-negotiating artefacts in the effort to protect their rights, stakes or room for manoeuvre. Three scenarios commonly arise: avoidance or utopian projecting, enactment of inverted reality tests, and disavowal through role exchange. The article develops these propositions through the reconstruction of a modified theory-based evaluation of a collaborative research programme. The programme set out to explore how evidence from health research could be used rapidly and effectively in the context of practical problems and organizational challenges, so an internal evaluation was set up to facilitate learning during the process. What ensued, however, was a loss of trust between partners, resolved only by repositioning the evaluation as a reflective academic study, reducing its reflexive capacity to intervene on the level of activity and organizational integration. We conclude that doing successful critical evaluation and, more generally, achieving political pertinence for social scientific discourses depends on creating the conditions in which actors are able to take the risks and share the costs associated with the enhanced level of reflexivity necessary to engage in collective action as well as knowledge production

Transformation model of the school-leaving exams in the Czech republic

The subject of this thesis are the models of the school-leaving exams changing over time due to the educational policy of the state and sometimes tumultuous political developments. The theoretical part contains historical analysis of the graduation exam and its models, creating the basis for the empirical part. Based on the study of legislation and rules governing conditions and holding the graduation exams and further study of the relevant literature, on a precise description of the current model and indicating the current efforts to modify the existing model of the graduation exam the vivid picture of this phenomenon in the whole range of educational issues is created. The attention is also paid to the issue of holding the graduation exam. The leaving examination since its inception in our country in 1849 has been defined by the law, its implementation has been modified the closer decrees. It has always been a significant "politicians", not only purely "educational theme." Changes in model of the school-leaving examination always reflect the changes in the system of our educational policy. The aim of the work in the empirical part is to analyze the current evolution, current status, to identify neuralgic points of the graduation exams and to suggest possible trends of the graduation exam in the..

Attitudes toward state graduation 2013

The aim of this work is to find out the attitudes to the state graduation. The paper reacts to recent changes - The amendments to the Education Act (with effect from 1st January 2013) and the Decree on detailed conditions for termination of education in the secondary schools with state graduation (with effect from 9th November 2012). The theoretical part focuses on the current exploring the phenomenon of the state graduation, provides an analysis of the management, the changes of its logistic model for 2013 and the direct impact on the management and the teaching staff of the secondary school. The aim of the practical part of the work is to analyze the attitudes of teachers who practically come into contact with the phenomenon of the state level. A questionnaire survey was used as the scientific method. The work contributes to the knowledge of both theory and practice of the state graduation exam mainly from the perspective of secondary (headmasters and their deputies) and lower management (secondary school teachers acquiring function of the evaluators, authorities, school graduation commissioners and chairmen of the graduation committees). Finally, it is necessary to admit that the negative attitude of the school community to the state graduation (which was obvious in the past two years) despite..

Sociální konstruktivismus

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Sources of Governance Stability in Communist Regimes

This paper is about the use of social hierarchies as tools to control society in East European countries during the Communist era, and why those regimes were so stable. According to the theoretical perspective developed in this article the constructivist system instituted a socialist legal order as a means to pretend that the “rule of law” was still applicable. The resulting constructivist regimes were party-states, where all state hierarchies had parallel structures within the Communist Party hierarchy, and where the separation of powers was replaced with a “hierarchic balancing,” a special form of leadership that the Communist Party exerted over all institutions of state administration and the armed forces. The principle of democratic centralism helped to decrease the transaction costs of governance, and thus, achieve loyalty to the system by party members and non-members alike, and loyalty to the leadership within Communist Party

Heuristická strategie odborného studia společenských záležitostí

59361

"Zázemí" a "bojiště" v usilování o spravedlnost: textová analýza odborářské, feministické a lidskoprávní mediální komunikace

26929