Potencijalna korist meteoroloških informacija u prometu

U uvodu se ukazuje na ulogu i značaj meteorološke službe u valorizaciji prometa Republike Hrvatske. U drugom poglavlju daju se ciljevi i nabrajaju korisnici meteoroloških informacija u prometu, objašnjava priroda korisničkih zahtjeva i njihova identifikacija, vrste i sadržaj meteoroloških informacija, odnos korisnika prema ovim informacijama, te načini ostvarenja potencijalnih koristi u prometu. U trećem poglavlju obrazlaže se potreba upoznavanja meteorologa s djelatnostima korisnika informacija te osposobljavanje korisnika, i svih onih koji po prirodi posla dolaze u dodir s meteorološkim informacijama na putu od meteorologa do korisnika, kako bi se one optimalno koristile. U četvrtom poglavlju prikazan je sastav simulacijskog modela za istraživanje i primjenu potencijalnih koristi meteoroloških informacija u prometu, te se ukratko opisuje metodologija za njihovo efikasno korištenje od strane korisnika primjenom cost/benefit analize na jednostavnom primjeru

The challenges of heterogeneity in gestational age and birthweight inclusion criteria for research synthesis on very preterm birth and childhood cognition: An umbrella review and meta-regression analysis

BackgroundMeta-analyses of studies on very preterm (VPT) birth and childhood cognition select primary studies using gestational age inclusion criteria only, while others also include birthweight criteria. The consequences of this choice are unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) criteria used in studies of VPT birth and cognition and to investigate whether meta-analysis results differ based on these criteria.Data sourcesFive systematic reviews on VPT birth and childhood IQ.Study selection and data extractionCountry, birth years, GA-BW selection criteria and participant IQ were extracted from 156 studies representing 103 birth cohorts.SynthesisPooled standardised mean differences (SMD) in IQ between children born VPT and term-born controls were estimated by sub-group based on GA-BW criteria (GA, BW and GA-BW combined) and degree of preterm birth-low birthweight combinations: extremely preterm (EPT, ResultsCohorts used 27 distinct GA-BW inclusion criteria. Most common criteria were BW ConclusionsThese findings support the inclusion of studies using GA and/or BW criteria in meta-analyses on VPT birth and cognition to increase the geographical and temporal generalisability of the results and to allow investigation of the impact of the heterogeneous inclusion criteria in this literature on outcomes.</div

Heterogeneity of design features in studies included in systematic reviews with meta-analysis of cognitive outcomes in children born very preterm

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Prediction of movement difficulties at age five from parent report at age two in children born extremely preterm

Aim:To assess the predictive validity of parent reported gross motor impairment (GMI) at age twoyears to detect significant movement difficulties (MD) at age five in children born extremely preterm.Method:  Data come from 556 children born <28 weeks’ gestation in 2011-12 in 10 Europeancountries. Parent report of moderate/severe GMI was defined as walking unsteadily or unable towalk unassisted at two years corrected age. Examiners assessed significant MD (score ≤5th percentileon the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition) and diagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP)were collected via parent report at five years chronological age. Results:At two years, 66 (11.9%) children had moderate/severe GMI. At five years, 212 (38.1%) hadsignificant MD. Parent reports of GMI at age two accurately classified CP at age five in 91.0-93.2% ofchildren. Classification of moderate/severe GMI at age two had high specificity (96.2%; 95% CI 93.6%,98.0%) and positive predictive value (80.3%; 68.7%, 89.1%) for significant MD at age five. However,74.5% of children with significant MD at five years were not identified with moderate/severe GMI atage two, resulting in low sensitivity (25.1%; 19.4%, 31.5%). Interpretation: This questionnaire may be used to identify extremely preterm children at age twowho have a diagnosis of CP or MD that are likely to have a significant impact on their functionaloutcomes at age five. </p

Flow chart of infants who met inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study.

<p>PNC, postnatal corticosteroids; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; GA: gestational age.</p

Association of NICU practices and PNC use.

<p>Association of NICU practices and PNC use.</p

Perinatal population characteristics.

<p>Perinatal population characteristics.</p

Variability in the management and outcomes of extremely preterm births across five European countries: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore international variations in the management and survival of extremely low gestational age and birthweight births. DESIGN: Area-based prospective cohort of births SETTING: 12 regions across Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal and the UK PARTICIPANTS: 1449 live births and fetal deaths between 22(+0) and 25(+6) weeks gestation born in 2011-2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of births; recorded live born; provided antenatal steroids or respiratory support; surviving to discharge (with/without severe morbidities). RESULTS: The percentage of births recorded as live born was consistently low at 22 weeks and consistently high at 25 weeks but varied internationally at 23 weeks for those weighing 500 g and over (range 33%-70%) and at 24 weeks for those under 500 g (range 5%-71%). Antenatal steroids and provision of respiratory support at 22-24 weeks gestation varied between countries, but were consistently high for babies born at 25 weeks. Survival to discharge was universally poor at 22 weeks gestation (0%) and at any gestation with birth weight <500 g, irrespective of treatment provision. In contrast, births at 23 and 24 weeks weighing 500 g and over showed significant international variation in survival (23 weeks: range: 0%-25%; 24 weeks range: 21%-50%), reflecting levels of treatment provision. CONCLUSIONS: Wide international variation exists in the management and survival of extremely preterm births at 22-24 weeks gestation. Universally poor outcomes for babies at 22 weeks and for those weighing under 500 g suggest little impact of intervention and support the inclusion of birth weight along with gestational age in ethical decision-making guidelines

The early educational environment at five years of age in a European cohort of children born very preterm: challenges and opportunities for research

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Recommendations for data collection in cohort studies of preterm born individuals – the RECAP Preterm Core Dataset

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