Factores de producción que limitan las exportaciones de arándanos al mercado de Estados Unidos en el período 2015 – 2019

El problema de la investigación fue: de qué manera los factores de producción limitan las exportaciones de arándanos al mercado de Estados Unidos en el periodo 2015 – 2019. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar de qué manera los factores de producción limitan las exportaciones de arándanos al mercado de Estados Unidos en el periodo 2015 – 2019. El tipo de investigación fue aplicado, de diseño narrativo de tópicos y de enfoque cualitativo. La conclusión es que busca tener un mayor crecimiento por parte de los factores de producción, a pesar de las limitaciones que se tiene por parte de cada uno de estos factores de producción que provocan que no se tenga un buen desarrollo en el cultivo. Se recomendó tener una mayor inversión sobre la producción de arándanos por parte del gobierno peruano para que así este fruto pueda ser mucho más competitivo como también tenga una mayor evolución por parte de las exportaciones del arándano con el paso del tiempo ya que los clientes con el tiempo se vuelven más exigentes a medida que la oferta de arándanos aumenta

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Breaking the Skin Barrier: Modelling Microneedles for Transdermal Insulin Delivery

Transdermal patches, devices developed to deliver drugs, can be limited in their efficacy because the amount of drug that diffuses through the skin often doesn’t reach sufficient concentrations. This problem is alleviated by using the ‘poke with patch’ method, which uses a patch with microneedles to puncture the skin in order to help increase drug penetration through the skin. In our project, we investigated varying number of punctures and modeled how that impacts drug diffusion through the skin over time. We modeled this system in COMSOL as a 2D slab representing the multiple layers within the skin, and simulated insulin flow from the patch into the capillary blood layer. To study the effect of the number of punctures on drug delivery, we created four models with 5, 10, 20, and 50 microneedle punctures. We then gathered data of insulin concentrations over 24 hours at two different points in the geometry—underneath a microneedle and at the exit of the blood domain—as well as in the drug patch and in the body. The data gathered from all four models were then evaluated to find the trends. The data collected showed that as we increase the number of microneedles in the patch, the insulin concentration underneath the needle decreases. However, with a greater number of microneedles, the insulin concentration exiting the blood domain significantly increases, and insulin exits the drug patch at a faster rate. From our results, we see that the addition of microneedle punctures improves the efficacy of transdermal patches by increasing the insulin delivered into the body through the patch. Since insulin concentration in the blood increases when there are more microneedles in the patch, we can conclude that increasing the number of microneedle punctures optimizes drug delivery. However, there should be a limit on the number of punctures to prevent potential clinical damage to the skin

Evidencia empírica de la teoría económica del ahorro de John Maynard Keynes para Nicaragua, periodo 1996-2015

Tesis (Lic. en Economía)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Physiological Importance of Pectin Modifying Genes During Rice Pollen Development

Although cell wall dynamics, particularly modification of homogalacturonan (HGA, a major component of pectin) during pollen tube growth, have been extensively studied in dicot plants, little is known about how modification of the pollen tube cell wall regulates growth in monocot plants. In this study, we assessed the role of HGA modification during elongation of the rice pollen tube by adding a pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme or a PME-inhibiting catechin extract (Polyphenon 60) to in vitro germination medium. Both treatments led to a severe decrease in the pollen germination rate and elongation. Furthermore, using monoclonal antibodies toward methyl-esterified and de-esterified HGA epitopes, it was found that exogenous treatment of PME and Polyphenon 60 resulted in the disruption of the distribution patterns of low- and high-methylesterified pectins upon pollen germination and during pollen tube elongation. Eleven PMEs and 13 PME inhibitors (PMEIs) were identified by publicly available transcriptome datasets and their specific expression was validated by qRT-PCR. Enzyme activity assays and subcellular localization using a heterologous expression system in tobacco leaves demonstrated that some of the pollen-specific PMEs and PMEIs possessed distinct enzymatic activities and targeted either the cell wall or other compartments. Taken together, our findings are the first line of evidence showing the essentiality of HGA methyl-esterification status during the germination and elongation of pollen tubes in rice, which is primarily governed by the fine-tuning of PME and PMEI activities

Quest Volume 4 Number 4

Contents: HIV in South Africa - 2008 - The Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation is a key research facility in South Africa. Members of the Foundation discuss the epidemic in South Africa: Taking the pain out of testing -The Tutu Tester has been drawing the crowds around Cape Town - including members of the band Freshlyground: HIV in South Africa - the numbers - Understanding the epidemiology of HIV infection in South Africa is a critical first step in any attempt to address the epidemic. Taking the medicine - Antiretroviral treatment can transform an infected person's life, but it must be taken for life: A double burden - HIV and TB - Current tuberculosis control measures are failing - mainly because of the epidemic of HIV: Prevention is key - With clinical trials of HIV currently stalled, the focus is now on all forms of prevention: What can genes tell us about invasive species? - Genetics can help us to identify alien invasive plants accurately - which is crucial to their management: Antarctic science for the next generation - The Antarctic region is changing faster than anywhere else on the planet, so Antarctic science provides a sensitive indicator of environmental change in a unique environment: Alien species -reptiles and amphibians - South Africa does not yet have a problem with invasive alien species, but without the correct management this could change: Climate change - Taking the initiative - The British Council Climate Change Champions are actively seeking solutions within their own local communities: Conserving the Timbuktu manuscripts - South Africa is actively contributing to helping - Mali conserve its important and ancient manuscripts: Fact files - Climate change - Taking the initiative - The British Council Climate Change Champions are actively seeking solutions within their own local communities: Conserving the Timbuktu manuscripts South Africa is actively contributing to helping Mali conserve its important and ancient manuscripts. HIV vaccines - Antarctica - More on South African Reptiles: Viewpoint - Organophosphates are common in the environment so it is important to avoid poisoning:The Department of Science and Innovation: Academy of Science of South Afric