POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BUKIT UMMAT SEBAGAI TUJUAN WISATA DI DESA BATU BOLONG KECAMATAN BATU LAYAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang Potensi Pengembangan Bukit UMMAT Sebagai Tujuan Wisata di Desa Batu Bolong Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Pengembangan sektor pariwisata secara langsung dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat terutama masyarakat lokal pada masing-masing destinasi wisata. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana Potensi Pengembangan Bukit UMMAT Sebagai Tujuan Wisata, di Desa Batu Bolong, Kecamatan Batu Layar, Kabupaten Lombok Barat?. Tujuan penelitian 1) Untuk mengetahui Potensi Pengembangan Bukit UMMAT Sebagai Tujuan Wisata di Desa Batu Bolong, Kecamatan Batu Layar, Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penentuan informan adalah purposive sampling. Macam-macam informan dalam penelitian ini adalah informan kunci dan informan biasa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, metode wawancara, metode dokumentasi. Jenis data kualitatif. Sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri. Metode analisis data yaitu, data reducation (data reduksi), data display (penyajian data), dan conclusion drawing/ verifikation. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa potensi yang ada pada kawasan objek wisata Bukit UMMAT yaitu sebagai berikut: 1) potensi alam 2) potensi budaya 3) potensi manusia/ SDM

Non-Abelian Born-Infeld Action and Type I - Heterotic Duality (II): Nonrenormalization Theorems

Type I - heterotic duality in D=10 predicts various relations and constraints on higher order F^n couplings at different string loop levels on both sides. We prove the vanishing of two-loop corrections to the heterotic F^4 terms, which is one of the basic predictions from this duality. Furthermore, we show that the heterotic F^5 and (CP even) F^6 couplings are not renormalized at one loop. These results strengthen the conjecture that in D=10 any Tr F^(2n) coupling appears only at the disc tree-level on type I side and at (n-1)-loop level on the heterotic side. Our non-renormalization theorems are valid in any heterotic string vacuum with sixteen supercharges.Comment: 35 pages, harvmac; cosmetic changes; final version to appear in NP

Resource scarcity and social identity in the political conflicts in Burundi

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since Burundi gained independence in 1962, this country has experienced periods of mass communal violence. Extensive scholarly research has focused on exploring the factors behind, and the nature of, the conflicts in Burundi from a socio-ethnic perspective. There has, however, been a persistent lack of attention paid to the inextricable relationship between environmental factors; particularly the scarcity of resources, coupled with rapid population growth; and Burundi‘s recent history of internal conflict. Noteworthy explanatory factors, which are often ignored in literature on the environment and conflict, have thus motivated this study. Burundi is an example of this reality because of a highly dependent agricultural economy and a constant growing population. This study used a descriptive analysis, as methodological tool; in order to gain an understanding of Burundi‘s land question - that is, how limited access to land and the constantly increasing population have led to environmental degradation, that served as motivational trigger factors for the violent political conflicts that occurred at various periods between 1965 and 1993 in this country. This study addresses this epistemological gap. In order to explore the nexus between environmental factors, land access, population growth and the political conflicts in Burundi, this study draws and builds upon Jared Diamond‘s (2005) five point framework of potential trigger factors to environmental collapse. Moreover, Diamond‘s (2005) ecocide theory argues that there are eight specific indicators to demonstrate how societies undermine themselves by damaging their own environment; thus resulting in an ecocide. This theory was applied to the two main environmental variables examined in this study. More specifically, this theoretical perspective provided a base for exploring how land issues, population growth, environmental degradation and political change can be understood as important precursors to the violent conflicts in Burundi. What may be surmised by this study; is that there is indeed a positive correlation between these forces, where the values of the independent variables (land access and population growth) are associated with the values of the dependent variable (violent conflict). This correlation, therefore, calls for an acknowledgement of the complexity of the Burundian conflicts and that ethnicity which has dominated contemporary conflict analysis is but one of several social rifts.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert Burundi in 1962 onafhanklikheid verkry het, het hierdie land periodes van massa gewelddadige politieke konflik ervaar. Uitgebreide wetenskaplike navorsing het daarop gefokus om die faktore agter die gebeure, sowel as die aard van die konflik in Burundi vanuit ‘n sosio-etniese perspektief, te ondersoek. Tog word daar steeds gebrekkige aandag geskenk aan die onlosmaaklike verhouding tussen omgewingsfaktore, veral gebrek aan hulpbronne, gepaardgaande met die voortgesette bevolkingsaanwas; asook Burundi se onlangse geskiedenis van interne konflik. Noemenswaardige gapings, wat dikwels in die verklarende literatuur geïgnoreer word, het dus hierdie studie gemotiveer. Burundi is ‘n voorbeeld van hierdie werklikheid omdat die land baie afhanklik van landbou is; as gevolg van die kontstante bevolkingsaanwas in die land. Hierdie navorsing het beskrywende analise as ‘n metodologiese instrument gebruik om insig te kry oor Burundi se grondkwessie – met ander woorde hoe die beperkte toegang tot grond en ‘n toenemende bevolkingsaanwas gelei het tot die agteruitgang van die omgewing. Bostaande faktore het as motiverende sneller faktore gedien, wat aanleiding gegee het tot die gewelddadige politieke konflik, wat gedurende verskillende periodes tussen 1965 en 1993 in hierdie land ontstaan het. Hierdie studie poog dus om hierdie epistomologiese gaping aan te spreek. Ten einde die verband (nexus) tussen omgewingsfaktore, grondbesit, bevolkingsaanwas en die politieke konflikte in Burundi te ondersoek, steun en bou hierdie studie voort op Jared Diamond (2005) se vyfpunt raamwerk van potensiële sneller faktore, wat lei tot omgewings ineenstorting. Verder beweer Diamond (2005) se omgewings uitwissing (ecocide) teorie dat daar agt spesifieke aanduidings is om te demonstreer hoe gemeenskappe hulself ondermyn deur hul eie omgewing te beskadig/vernietig: wat uitloop op omgewings uitwissing (ecocide). Hierdie teorie is aangewend in die twee hoof omgewings veranderlikes, wat in die studie/ navorsing ondersoek is. Hierdie teoretiese perspektief het ook spesifiek ‘n basis voorsien om te ondersoek hoe grondkwessies, bevolkingsaanwas, omgewings agteruitgang en politieke verandering verstaan kan word as belangrike aanwysers van die geweldadige konflik in Burundi. Deur middel van hierdie studie kan ‘n duidelike opsomming gemaak word dat daar inderdaad ‘n positiewe korrelasie tussen hierdie magte voorkom, waar die waardes van die onafhanklike veranderlike (toegang tot grond en bevolkingsgroei) geassosieer word met die waardes van die afhanklike veranderlike (geweldadige konflik). Hierdie korrelasie verg dus ‘n beroep om erkenning te gee aan die kompleksiteit van konflik in Burundi. Hierdie etniese debat, wat tans die oorheersende konflik aanvuur, is maar net een van die verskeie interpretasies van sosiale breekpunte in Burundi is

Vanishing Perturbative Vacuum Energy in Non-Supersymmetric Orientifolds

We present a novel source for supersymmetry breaking in orientifold models, and show that it gives a vanishing contribution to the vacuum energy at genus zero and three-half. We also argue that all the corresponding perturbative contributions to the vacuum energy from higher-genus Riemann surfaces vanish identically.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Final discussion and Refs adde

School Management in Community Secondary Schools in Rombo District: Effects on the Students Academic Performance

The research on Effects of school Management on Students academic Performance in Community Secondary schools in Rombo District Council was done using a sample of 160 respondents consisting of the head of schools, academic masters/mistress, teachers and form four students chosen from thirty-four Community Secondary Schools (CSS) in Rombo. Primary data was collected through questionnaire and interview to assess the capability of heads of schools in managing schools; the strategies they use to improve students’ academic performance, and the efficacy of those strategies. The study found out that out of 10 head of schools none had undergone management training. The popular strategies that head of schools use to improve students’ academic performance, ranged from motivating teachers to sanctions. Although most of the heads of schools did not have the formal management training, their management strategies were efficient given the situation of the community secondary schools in Rombo district. Summary of the conclusion: The study recommends that the Government should consider training of the school heads so as to ensure quality management of the schools. It is also imploring the school managers to make efforts in developing themselves academically. The study further recommends that management skills to be added in teachers training programme to expose teachers to management issues. Future researchers on this topic try to find out how school heads can collaborate more in their managerial activities so as to enhance efficiency in quality education that is provided in these schools

Connections between M-theory and superstrings

This article reviews the non-perturbative structure of certain higher derivative terms in the type II string theory effective action and their connection to one-loop effects in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a torus. New material is also included that was not presented in the talks.Comment: 24 pages LaTeX. Based on talks given at various conferences. To be published in the proceedings of the 1997 Advanced Study Institute on Strings, Branes and Dualities, Cargese, Franc

Commutator Anomaly in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics

In this letter, firstly, the Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation on noncommutative phase space is given by using a generalized Bopp's shift. Then the anomaly term of commutator of arbitrary physical observable operators on noncommutative phase space is obtained. Finally, the basic uncertainty relations for space-space and space-momentum as well as momentum-momentum operators in noncommutative quantum mechanics (NCQM), and uncertainty relation for arbitrary physical observable operators in NCQM are discussed.Comment: 7 page

Type IIB R4H4g−4R^4 H^{4g-4} Conjectures

We propose $SL(2,Z)$ (and $SL(3,Z)$) invariant conjectures for all $R^4 H^{4g-4}$ couplings of Type IIB strings on $R^{10}$ (and $R^{8}\times T^2$), generalizing conjectures of Green and Gutperle (and Kiritsis and Pioline) for the $R^4$ coupling. A strong check for our conjectures is that on $T^2$ at weak coupling, they reproduce the multiloop scattering amplitudes which had been previously computed using N=2 strings in the N=4 topological formalism. Applications to $(p,q)$ string production in a background $H$ field, generalizing Schwinger's computation for pair production in constant $F$ field, are suggested.Comment: Added three reference