The 'silent dilemma' of transitional justice:silencing and coming to terms with the past in Serbia

This article explores the intersections of silence and transitional justice in Serbia, where, it is often suggested, the general public is silent and indifferent about human rights abuses that took place during the former Yugoslav conflicts. It considers both the 'silent' public and the ways in which transitional justice may be complicit in silencing it. Based on scholarship that suggests silences are not absences but rather sites of silent knowledge or a result of silencing, the article explores some of the dynamics hidden within the public's silence: shared knowledge, secret practices and inability to discuss violence. It also considers the ways in which audiences subvert and resist organized transitional justice initiatives or are caught up in a 'silent dilemma' in which they are unable to speak about the past under the discursive conditions created by transitional justice practitioners

Adsorption capacities of Shungite - a Russian Mineral

Shungite, a carbon-rich rock of the Precambrian age widespread over Russia, attracts much attention due to possibilities of application in various industrial and medical fields. Carbon acts as an efficient catalyst of hydrogenation at low temperatures, as an adsorbent and filter in water purification processes, and as a multifunctional filler of polymeric and inorganic binders. The presence of the starting components α-SiO2, Fe2O3, carbon C, α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, and CaCO3 has been determined by XRD measurement. Particle size distribution of the initial powder indicates large agglomerates with size of 10 microns and larger, confirmed by SEM also. In a batch test, the influence of shungite mass, contact time and temperature on adsorption efficiency of amlodipine, medicament used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, has been investigated. This material showed moderate adsorption capacity of 54.95 mg/g at 10 mg/l initial amlodipine concentration. The concentrations of amlodipine were determined using UVVIS spectrometry

Diverzione mere kao novi odgovor društva na kriminalitet maloletnika u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji

In every society there are individuals or organized groups who openly or covertly violate social norms that prescribe what behavior patterns. The danger of such actions is reflected in the presence of negative tendencies in the field of further social disorganization. It is known that often the criminality of juveniles become known only when it is necessary to apply repressive sanctions that include a number of limitations. Given the fact that the sentence was dominated as a criminal sanction social reaction to crime youth was purely punitive character. There for, the same types of punsihment are applied on juveniles with certain restrictions relating to the lenient punishment and much more liberal regime of imprisonment. In such a situation society failed to achieve a more serious influence on the improvement of the status of minors and their full integration into their courses. Further development of the social and legal awareness contributed to the discovery of new forms of no / penal response. In this regard, diversion measures represent the first and right step on the road to improving juvenile offenders committed offenses in particular the fulfillment of certain conditions. The overall trends of harmonization of domestic legislation with comparative and international and regional, mostly European instruments, countries of ex-Yugoslavia incorporated in their legislation for the imposition of diversionary measures. Taking into account the planned scope of work the authors have chosen Croatia and Serbia, which are each in their own way, first spelled out, and then with great difficulty started with sporadic use of diversionary measures.U svakom društvu postoje pojedinci ili organizovane grupe koje otvoreno ili prikriveno krše društvene norme kojima se unapred propisuju obrasci ponašanja. Opasnost od ovakvih postupaka ogleda se u prisustvu negativnih tendencija na polju dalje društvene dezorganizacije. Poznato je da se neretko za kriminalitet maloletnika sazna tek onda kada je neophodno primeniti represivnije sankcije koje sadrže brojna ograničenja. S obzirom na činjenicu da je kazna dominirala kao krivična sankcija reakcija društva na kriminalitet mladih bila je isključivo punitivnog karaktera. Otuda se na maloletnike primenjuju istovrsne kazne uz određena ograničenja koja se tiču blažeg kažnjavanja i znatno liberalnijeg režima izvršenja kazne zatvora. U takvoj situaciji društvo nije ostvarilo ozbiljniji uticaj na poboljšanje statusa maloletnika i njihovu punu integraciju u svoje tokove. Dalji razvoj društvene i pravne svesti uticao je na pronalaženje novih formi ne/penalnog reagovanja. U tom pogledu, diverzione mere predstavljaju prvi i pravi korak na putu popravljanja maloletnih delinkvenata za konkretno učinjena krivična dela uz ispunjenje određenih uslova. U sklopu opštih tendencija usaglašavanja unutrašnjeg sa uporednim zakonodavstvom i međunarodnim i regionalnim, pretežno evropskim instrumentima, države ex Jugoslavije ugradile su u svoja zakonodavstva mogućnost izricanja diverzionih mera. Vodeći računa o planiranom obimu rada autori su odabrali Hrvatsku i Srbiju koje su svaka na svoj način, najpre propisale, a onda uz velike poteškoće otpočele sa sporadičnom primenom diverzionih mera

The everyday at the border: Examining visual, material and spatial intersections of international politics along the ‘Balkan Route’

This article examines the intersections between the visual, spatial and material and considers how these interactions capture the border politics of everyday ‘banal’ objects. We do this by looking at some of the objects and things that constitute the ‘Balkan Route’ through Europe: posters, signs, directions, notices, flyers and maps produced by state authorities and volunteer-led aid networks. We use objects to reflect more broadly on how seemingly banal and everyday things become incorporated into the political work of states and become constitutive of fluid borders. We argue that everyday objects become visualisations of states and authorities, and help to make and regulate physical spaces. We show how each visual object encountered along the route gives us a broader insight into the macropolitics of European border regimes, specifically the effects of ‘closed borders’ and the criminalisation of aid networks. The article pushes forward the ‘aesthetic turn’ debate in international relations by bringing in insights from political geography and materialism, and suggests that a walking methodology can be a productive way of encountering the visual and understanding how its physical location creates political effects

Transmisija monetarne politike na realna ekonomska kretanja

Central banks of the countries, by performing their basic functions, contribute to the well-being of the entire economy. One of their major functions is to conduct a monetary policy that influences both the economy and the population. This process takes place through monetary transmission channels. The effectiveness of monetary transmission channels varies between countries and it is conditioned by a number of factors that characterize the country's economic and financial system. In accordance with these factors, the monetary authorities make the choice of an adequate monetary strategy. Each monetary strategy has a number of advantages and disadvantages. In today's context, a large number of countries have chosen an inflation targeting strategy because of a number of positive macroeconomic effects, as is the case in the countries which are analyzed in this paper. In order to achieve monetary policy goals that are set, the central bank takes certain measures and uses monetary policy instruments. Using monetary policy instruments, the central bank has effects on macroeconomic flows. However, these instruments influence indirectly and with some time delay on predefined goals. One of the most common goals is price stability. Because of these limitations in the operation of monetary policy it is essential to identify the monetary transmission channels in each country, so creators could determine the optimal monetary regime and could predict the impact of monetary policy on the real economy. In this paper, using the vector autoregression model (VAR model), we performed an analysis of the efficiency of monetary transmission channels in selected developed and developing countries (United Kingdom, Canada, United States of America (USA), Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Serbia). This empirical analysis enabled to determine the dominant monetary transmission channels in observed countries. The results of the analysis provide guidance in taking the necessary steps to the monetary authorities, so it can reduce the time lag and eliminate restrictions on the transmission of monetary impulses to real economic quantities. However, it should be borne in mind that the efficiency of monetary transmission channels not only varies between countries, but also changes over time within a country, depending on changes in the economic system

The Kolende of Mato Zamagna

Dubrovački vlastelin Mato Franov Zamagna (1800-1870), još kao sedamnaestogodišnjak pisao je kolende. Riječ je o šaljivim pjesmama koje je s družinom pjevao o blagdanima (uoči Sv. Mihajla, Sv. Martina, Sv. Andrije, Sv. Tome, Sv. Šimuna i Jude, Sv. Frana, Sv. Nikole, na Badnju večer i na Staru godinu), namjenjujući ih najbližim srodnicima, prijateljima i stanovnicima Rijeke dubrovačke. Njegove kolende daleko su od poetske i versifikacijske razine “poe zi je predaka”, a u obilju prigodničarske poezije 19. stoljeća izdvajaju se sač uvanim etnografskim sadržajima, osobito običaja kolendavanja među pukom i vlastelom.Mato Zamagna (1800-1870), nobleman of Ragusa, wrote his first kolende at the age of seventeen. These traditional carols he sang accompanied by other singers to mark the eve of various feasts, such as Michaelmas, St. Martin\u27s Day, but also of St. Andrew, St. Thomas, St. Simon and Judas, St. Francis, St. Nicholas, Mother\u27s and Father\u27s Days in Advent, Christmas Eve and New Year\u27s Eve, dedicated to the next of kin, friends and inhabitants of Rijeka dubrovačka, and compiled in the collection Kolende od godisctaa 1817., 1818., 1819. u Riezi. Zamagna\u27s kolende were written after the fall of the Dubrovnik Republic, when jocular verse was primarily an expression of idleness, and as such are far from the poetic and metric achievements of the \u27poetry of the ancestors\u27. Yet in the wealth of nineteenth-century occasional verse, Zamagna\u27s poetry is valuable for its ethnographic descriptions which, from the ethnological, folklore and anthropological aspect, provide an insight into the broader kolende tradition, culture and popular customs upheld by both nobles and non-nobles, some of which, especially the tradition of singing kolende on Christmas Eve and New Year\u27s Eve, have survived to the present day. The verses of kolende have confirmed the continuous process of the interplay between \u27high and low\u27 culture—that is, between the customs of the urban and rural, noble and popular traditional heritage. It is noteworthy that the found collection compiles and saves from oblivion the repertoires of kolende that were composed to serve a single occasion and were rarely preserved by the authors. The manuscript collection Kolende od godisctaa 1817., 1818., 1819. u Riezi contains 25 kolende and a prose piece entitled Testamenat jednogha Subatza, donesen i prolegan na tarpesi u G. Marre Givove na Svetogha Nikollu, kept at the Scientific Library in Dubrovnik

Korčulan Origin of Carlotta de Zamagna Calebich (1870 - 1962)

Na temelju arhivske građe i korespondencije s potomcima, rad rekonstruira životopis Carlotte de Zamagna Calebich (Korčula, 1870. - Padova, 1962.). Njeni životni ciklusi otkrivaju ‘prostor žene’ koncem 19. i u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća, mentalitet i snagu majčinstva. Propitivanja različitih aspekata njene uloge i statusa unutar obiteljskih i društvenih odnosa, razotkrila su i dosad nepoznate podatke o putanjama i sudbinama potomaka raseljene dubrovačke vlastele čijem je krugu Carlottina obitelj pripadala još iz vremena Dubrovačke Republike.This work reconstructs the biography of Carlotta de Zamagna Calebich (Korčula, 1870 – Padua, 1962) based on the archival material and correspondence with her descendants. Her biography gives an insight into the position of women in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century, as well as the mentality and strength of motherhood. Examinations of various aspects of her role and status within her family and social relations have revealed hitherto unknown data on the paths and destinies of the descendants of the displaced Dubrovnik nobles to whose circles Carlotta\u27s family belonged to since the time of the Dubrovnik Republic

"Ombla cara, Ombla bella..." Dubrovnik Summer Houses in the Culture of Memory

U radu se tematizira uloga dubrovačkih ljetnikovaca u oblikovanju duhovnog nasljeđa i kulturnog krajolika. Sagledava se nekoliko odabranih ‘slika vremena’ iz kojih se ogleda povijest dokolice u ladanjskim prostorima i nadahnuće zabilježeno iz pera pjesnika i pisaca.The paper examines the role of Dubrovnik summer houses in shaping the spiritual heritage and cultural landscape. A few selected \u27pictures of time\u27 are discussed, reflecting the history of leisure in rural areas and the inspiration recorded through the pens of poets and writers

On Love and Island, in Memoriam Adriana Tomašić (1960-2021)

Tekst je napisan poslije smrti Adriane Tomašić 2.11.2021. Žaleći nad gubitkom, autorica iz emskog pogleda na zajedničko obiteljsko otočko izvorište piše o sjećanju na osebujnu emotivnu i profesionalnu puninu Adriane Tomašić.The text was written after the death of Adriana Tomašić on November 2, 2021. Mourning the loss, the author writes about the memory of the distinctive emotional and professional fullness of Adriana Tomašić from an emic perspective on the shared family island origin

"Ombla cara, Ombla bella..." Dubrovnik Summer Houses in the Culture of Memory

U radu se tematizira uloga dubrovačkih ljetnikovaca u oblikovanju duhovnog nasljeđa i kulturnog krajolika. Sagledava se nekoliko odabranih ‘slika vremena’ iz kojih se ogleda povijest dokolice u ladanjskim prostorima i nadahnuće zabilježeno iz pera pjesnika i pisaca.The paper examines the role of Dubrovnik summer houses in shaping the spiritual heritage and cultural landscape. A few selected \u27pictures of time\u27 are discussed, reflecting the history of leisure in rural areas and the inspiration recorded through the pens of poets and writers