“Real-Life Situations in the United States” A Cross-Cultural Handbook

People traveling in the United States as tourists, on business, or for study often lack confidence in dealing with everyday real-life situations, such as ordering food in a restaurant, buying tickets in the bus stations, using public transportation and communication systems. This handbook presents very simple but important information for first time travelers. It also contains lots of cultural information. In this handbook, I have used a series of dialogues in each lesson which provide appropriate vocabulary and phrases. My intention in presenting these dialogues is also to familiarize newcomers with the kind of language spoken differently by people of different occupations. For example: I have tried to include sentences similar to those a cab driver would speak. The second and third part of each lesson is focused on illustrating cultural aspects through comprehension and open discussion topics. This handbook can be used in training centers as a text for travelers or it can also be used as an information booklet by individuals

Kastediskriminering, jordeiendomsforvaltning og naturressursbruk i Nepal

The dissertation investigates the issues related to land tenancy transactions, land productivity and land related investment with a due focus on caste discrimination in the Nepalese rural society. This study also explores the potential interlinkages between land and livestock rental markets in rural Nepal. This dissertation comprises of an introduction and four independent papers. All the papers were based on the data collected in 2003 from the Western region of Nepal. Paper I assesses the caste-related land productivity differential in rural Nepal and its possible explanations. The analysis showed that low-caste households have higher land productivity as compared to high-caste households both on owner operated plots and rented in plots. The major reason behind this can be the concentration of their labor in small farms as they have lower access to regular off-farm income due to caste discrimination, low education/skills, lack of family networks and stronger subsistence constraints. Paper II examines jointly the existence of Marshallian inefficiency in sharecropping, allocative inefficiency of land tenancy transactions and an inverse farm size-productivity relationship and how these phenomena are associated with caste discrimination in Nepal. The analysis revealed that inefficiency of land tenancy transactions and caste discrimination are the major causes of inverse relationship. Paper III examined the factors that drive livestock rental market participation of the farm households in rural Nepal. Results show that differences in resource endowments and in the access to factor markets between low-caste and high-caste households as the important reasons for the emergence of the livestock rental market. Paper IV assesses if the investment and intensity of production differ between high-caste and low-caste households. This paper relates caste issue with poverty as low-caste households are poor both in terms of income and land asset. The paper analyzes the differences in short-term investments in terms of fertilizer use and manure use as well as more long-term investments in terms of terrace maintenance expenditure and intensity of cropping. Results show that there are differences in the likelihood to use manure and amount of fertilizer used between highcaste and low-caste households. Access to off-farm employment is found to have significant negative effect on land conservation investment

The impact of emerging markets (BRIC`s) on CARICOM

This paper provides a detailed outline of the economic progress of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) and its implications for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). BRICs have been identified as four emerging markets with the ability to surpass the present G6 countries by 2050 in terms of their combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This has significant implications for developing countries in terms of their trade and investment outlook. The share of BRICs GDP in world GDP is now close to 18% and their outbound investments have increased significantly in the past decade. CARICOM economies are presently net importers from BRICs; as such this paper outlines various export opportunities for CARICOM by utilizing several trade indices and also identifies other complementary growth effects for CARICOM from the growth of BRICs.peer-reviewe

Medical students’ perception on use of abbreviations during clinical years

Introduction: An abbreviation is a shortened form of word or phrase commonly used in medical practice for convenience. Misinterpretation of abbreviations can lead to confusion and medical errors. Studies have shown the use of abbreviations early as the first year in medical school. Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among undergraduate clinical year medical students in the tertiary care center of Kathmandu Valley was performed from December 2017 to April 2018. Result: A total of 97 participants. The prevalence of abbreviation use was 95%. Senior students correctly interpreted both standard and non-standard abbreviations. The majority of students learned to use abbreviations from the medical officer’s note. Conclusion: Students consider abbreviations are acceptable despite having difficulties in interpretation. Hospitals or concerned departments should regulate the use of standard abbreviations. Keyword: abbreviation, clinical years, medical error, medical students, perceptio

Impingement Heat Transfer In The Leading Edge Cavity Of A Gas Turbine Vane

Jet Impingement Cooling is an internal cooling technique used in the leading edge cavities of Turbine Vanes. This involves a series of jets impinging onto the internal surfaces of a turbine vane/blade through the impingement plate. For the model tested here, the area around the blade/vane leading edge was studied for both heat transfer performance and aerodynamics losses. The performance of an Impingement cooling system depends on parameters like the spent flow effect on the downstream jet, film cooling configuration, and tip flow condition. The present study focuses on analyzing the effect of these parameters on a unique impingement cooling configuration. A Liquid Crystal based technique was used to obtain the heat transfer distribution on the target surface. A novel Camera-Endoscope combination was used to capture the liquid crystal images in a confined space. Heat Transfer Contours were obtained for a total of six different cases based on differing film cooling hole configurations and tip condition. Peak heat transfer values are observed in the impingement zone along with a characteristic reduction in heat transfer as we move away from the impingement zone. The results indicated that the cross flow had a negative impact on the peak heat transfer value but improved the uniformity of heat transfer distribution. The film cooling configuration was found to affect the amount of cross flow and the location of the impingement zone of the jet. The cross flow effect is found to have reduced effect with an increase in the available number of film cooling holes leading to an increase in the peak heat transfer. The tip condition was altered for the last case in which it adversely affected the extent of jet impingement. Line plots for all the contours showed the spent flow effect. A fluid dynamic analysis of all the above effects was presented

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TRIAZOLES

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate some novel 1,2,4-triazoles.Methods: Procedure includes synthesis of triazole compounds followed by biological evaluations. The synthesis was carried out in six steps withp-bromobenzoic acid as starting material and converting to ester and then to hydrazide. Hydrazide was then converted to 4-amino triazole. Theamino triazole was then linked to different secondary amines using chloroacetyl chloride as the linking agent. All the synthesized compounds werecharacterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Further,the compounds were taken out for biological evaluations. To explore their effects, experiments were conducted on various micro- as well as macroorganisms.The toxicityprofilewasalso testedin accordancewith OECD 425 guideline on Wistar albino rats.Results: The compounds were examined for antibacterial as well as antifungal activities. Among the all compound T71, T73, and T75 exhibitedantibacterial activity, and compound T71 showed antifungal activity as well. The evaluation was also carried out for anthelmintic activities. Thecompounds were treated on Pheretima posthuma at various concentrations to explore their vermifuge and vermicidal action. The triazole linked with1-methylpiperazine was found to have comparable activity to that of reference standards.Conclusion: Triazoles are a most potent assemblage of fungal retardants. But depending on their substituents, they also have diverse pharmacologicalvalues. In this study, the compound T71 showed promising antimicrobial as well as anthelmintic action. Hence, it can be considered as a lead compoundfor further researches

Improve Performance Wireless Sensor Network Localization using RSSI and AEMM

Improve wireless sensor network localisation performance using RSSI and an advanced error minimisation method (AEMM). WSNs remain domain-specific and are typically deployed to support a single application. However, as WSN nodes become more powerful, it becomes increasingly important to investigate how multiple applications can share the same WSN infrastructure. Virtualisation is a technology that may allow for this sharing. The issues surrounding wireless sensor node localisation estimation are still being researched. There are a large number of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with limited computing, sensing, and energy capabilities. Localisation is one of the most important topics in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because location information is typically useful for many applications. The locations of anchor nodes and the distances between neighbouring nodes are the primary data in a localisation process. The complexity and diversity of current and future wireless detector network operations drive this. Several single schemes have been proposed and studied for position estimation, each with advantages and limitations. Nonetheless, current methods for evaluating the performance of wireless detector networks are heavily focused on a single private or objective evaluation. Accurate position information in a wireless detector network is critical for colourful arising operations (WSN). It is critical to reducing the goods of noisy distance measures to improve localisation accuracy. Existing works (RSSI) are detailed and critically evaluated, with a higher error rate using a set of scenario requirements. Our proposed method (AEMM) is critical for detecting and dealing with outliers in wireless sensor networks to achieve a low localisation error rate. The proposed method (AEMM) for localisation and positioning nodes in wireless sensor networks supported by IOT and discovering the appropriate position of several nodes addresses all of the issues in WSN

Umbilical cord blood-derived CD11c+ dendritic cells could serve as an alternative allogeneic source of dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy

Schematics for Streptamer staining. CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (TIFF 2289 kb

Self-Healing Polymer Composites for Structural Application

Self-healing materials are the next-generation materials for high-performance structures. To reduce the fatigue and subsequent probability of failure along with extended service life of polymer and polymer composites, the self-healing concept has great potential. Today, polymeric composites are structural matrix and prone to failure against cyclic mechanical and thermal loading. Significant degradation of polymeric structures at surficial sites can be measured by barely visible impact damage (BVID), but internal micro-cracks are not easily detectable. Various damage modes make major damage sites in composites and further lead to catastrophic failure of the structure. On-site repairing of microscopic or macroscopic damages in polymer composites is a value-added function that is offered by self-healing techniques. Different extrinsic methods including encapsulation, hollow fiber embedment, and vascular methods are preferred, and some intrinsic, dynamic bonding is created by reversible covalent networks and supramolecular interaction based on H-bonding, metal-ligand, and ionomers. This chapter is preferred on the new trends and challenges regarding the structural health monitoring of polymeric composites against external mechanical and environmental impacts and extended service life and performance by utilizing self-healing strategies

Pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery: a rare complication after intramedullary fixation for an intertrochanteric femur fracture

Intertrochanteric fracture fixation with a trochanteric femoral nail rarely leads to any vascular or neurological complications. The aim of this case report is to identify a patient with post-operative Pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery and how to manage it. We report a case of 79-year-old male who developed a Pseudoaneurysm of the profunda femoris artery 3 days after intramedullary femoral nailing for a intertrochanteric femur fracture. Percutaneous embolization was performed with subsequent resolution of the symptoms. Diagnosis of vascular complications after hip surgery may be very challenging because symptoms are often nonspecific. Despite their rarity, it is important to know this type of complications to address the diagnostic pathway in the right direction and to treat them promptly