Rosyjska opozycja wobec świata modernizmu

Modernity is typically defined as a post-traditional historical period. Central to modernity is  emancipation from religion and consequent secularization. In my article I analyze and interpret the ideological foundations of contemporary Russian neo-Euroasianism. This movement is led by Alexander Dugin, an important representative of Russian traditionalism and conservatism. What he postulates is to build an ideocratic orthodox-soviet state, which should include Ukraine

Man and History. Piotr Czaadajew’s Search for Faith and The Vision of The Kingdom of God

The aim of the article is an analysis of the life and philosophical output of Piotr Czaadajew – the chief representative of the so-called Golden Age of the Russian culture. Czaadajew’s viewpoints represent the whole of Russian religious and philosophical thought that has placed the issue of an individual and history first. Czaadajew was the first Russian philosopher to pose the question of the sense of Russia’s existence against the broad ideological background of Christian tradition. According to him, only Catholicism was the power that created history and was able to bring mankind closer to the realization of the Kingdom of God on the earth. His demand to build the Kingdom of the Lord immediately relates to his personal attempts to find a sort of an order in the faith in God. Czaadajew – a melancholic and would-be suicide, saw in Christianity a horizon of hope for both an individual and mankind.Dr MAREK JEDLIŃSKI – doktor nauk humanistycznych w zakresie historii. Od 2013 roku adiunkt w Instytucie Wschodnim Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza. Autor prac naukowych z obszaru kultury rosyjskiej i rosyjskiej myśli religijno-filozoficznej oraz kilkunastu przekładów (m.in. Rosyjskiej idei Włodzimierza Sołowjowa). Zakres zainteresowań naukowych obejmuje m.in. teologię prawosławną srebrnego wieku kultury rosyjskiej (XIX/XXw.), współczesnego renesansu religijno-filozoficznego oraz myśl ekumeniczną.Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu13/272

Polityka zagraniczna Federacji Rosyjskiej w latach 90-tych. Kontekst historyczno-ideowy

The author highlights that Russia has ceased to be the liberator and the stronghold of the global revolution, the leader of the bloc, the defender of the ‘only right ideology’ and the model of a political system for other states, it was the times of the USSR. This realization Moscow continuously pursue policy to regain its position on the international arena. It is unlikely, however, that Russia will be able to fulfill her ambition by means of territorial expansion: the primary role of the economy inern international relations allows us to assume that Russia will not decide to enter an open confrontation with theWest as she is gradually made increasingly more dependent onWestern financial centers.The author highlights that Russia has ceased to be the liberator and the stronghold of the global revolution, the leader of the bloc, the defender of the ‘only right ideology’ and the model of a political system for other states, it was the times of the USSR. This realization Moscow continuously pursue policy to regain its position on the international arena. It is unlikely, however, that Russia will be able to fulfill her ambition by means of territorial expansion: the primary role of the economy inern international relations allows us to assume that Russia will not decide to enter an open confrontation with theWest as she is gradually made increasingly more dependent onWestern financial centers

Another thing about strangeness: the opposition Russia–Europe in Russian culture (from the 11th to the 19th century)

The article analyzes the historical perspective of the formation of the opposition “friend or foe” in the Russian culture from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Binary thinking has a universal dimension: it is present in every culture, particularly in traditional societies (in this case it is the opposition Russia–Europe). Hostility towards strangers is already noticeable in the Ruthenian tribes. The outsiders were seen as savages, as animals, and even as evil forces. It relates to the perception of the symbolic center of the world.  It is recognizable in the work of Hilarion and the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome.The article analyzes the historical perspective of the formation of the opposition “friend or foe” in the Russian culture from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Binary thinking has a universal dimension: it is present in every culture, particularly in traditional societies (in this case it is the opposition Russia–Europe). Hostility towards strangers is already noticeable in the Ruthenian tribes. The outsiders were seen as savages, as animals, and even as evil forces. It relates to the perception of the symbolic center of the world.  It is recognizable in the work of Hilarion and the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome

Chroniczna intoksykacja seksualna jako przejaw kryzysu Zachodu. Myśli dwudziestowiecznych tradycjonalistów kulturowych

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Ansichten der kulturellen Traditionalisten über die menschliche Sexualität zu erläutern. Der Text stellt die ideologischen Positionen ausgewählter Denker vor: René Guénon, Julius Evola, Pitirim Sorokin. Sie repräsentieren verschiedene Richtungen des kulturellen Traditionalismus, sind jedoch durch ihre unverwechselbaren, radikalen Ansichten, ihre besonderen Entscheidungen und Lebenserfahrungen miteinander verbunden (Guénon war ein Konvertit zum Islam, Evola ein Anhänger des Heidentums und des Faschismus, Sorokin war einer der Väter der amerikanischen Soziologie, ein Emigrant aus Russland mit der Seele eines "russischen Traditionalisten"). Die genannten Gelehrten und Denker diagnostizierten eine tiefe Krise in der westlichen Welt. Ihre Ursache sei die sexuelle Intoxikation: Anarchie und sexuelle Revolution. Sie erkannten in der westlichen (materiellen) Zivilisation das Verschwinden der geistigen Kultur und Tradition. Die Hauptursache für die Krise und den Niedergang des Westens waren Individualismus und Rationalismus, die sich als Hybris, Perversion, Anbetung des Körpers und des Orgasmus entpuppten. Guénon, Evola und Sorokin wollten den Zustand der Vergangenheit wiederherstellen: die Sakralisierung des Geschlechts, die gemeinschaftliche Bindung, die männliche Herrschaft und die rituelle Reproduktion. Dies sollte die Krise und den Verfall der Kultur verhindern.The aim of this article is to discuss the views of cultural traditionalists on human sexuality. The paper presents the views of the following thinkers: René Guénon, Julius Evola, and Pitirim Sorokin. Each represents a different line of cultural traditionalism. However, they are united by expressive, radical views as well as by peculiar choices and life experiences. (Guénon was a convert to Islam, Evola sympathized with paganism and fascism, whereas Sorokin was one of the fathers of American sociology, an emigrant from Russia, with the soul of a “Russian traditionalist.”) René Guénon, Julius Evola, and Pitirim Sorokin recognized a deep crisis of the Western world. They argued that the cause of this crisis was sexual intoxication: anarchy and the sexual revolution. They thought that culture and the spiritual tradition in the Western (material) civilization was disappearing and that the primary cause of the crisis and the decline of the West were individualism and rationalism – manifesting themselves as pride, prudishness, perversion, the cult of the body, and orgasm. Guénon, Evola and Sorokin craved the restoration of the previous state: the sacralization of sex, community bonds, male domination, and ritual procreation. This was supposed to prevent the crisis and the decline of culture.Celem artykułu jest omówienie poglądów tradycjonalistów kulturowych na temat ludzkiej seksualności. Tekst prezentuje stanowiska ideowe wybranych myślicieli: René Guénona, Juliusa Evoli, Pitirima Sorokina. Reprezentują oni różne odłamy tradycjonalizmu kulturowego; łączą ich jednak wyraziste, radykalne poglądy, osobliwe wybory i doświadczenia życiowe (Guénon był konwertytą na islam, Evola sympatykiem pogaństwa i faszyzmu, Sorokin był jednym z ojców socjologii amerykańskiej, emigrantem z Rosji, o duszy „rosyjskiego tradycjonalisty”). Wymienieni badacze i myśliciele zdiagnozowali głęboki kryzys świata zachodniego. Jego przyczyną miała być intoksykacja seksualna: anarchia i rewolucja seksualna. Rozpoznawali w cywilizacji zachodniej (materialnej) zanik kultury duchowej i tradycji. Główną i pierwotną przyczyną kryzysu oraz upadku Zachodu miały być indywidualizm i racjonalizm: ujawniające się jako pycha, perwersja, kult ciała i orgazmu. Guénon, Evola i Sorokin. pragnęli przywrócenia stanu z przeszłości: sakralizacji płci, więzi wspólnotowej, dominacji mężczyzn i rytualnej rozrodczości. Miało to zapobiec kryzysowi i upadkowi kultury

3D scanners in orthodontics—Current knowledge and future perspectives—A systematic review

Background: Nowadays the use of intraoral scanners has become a routine practice in orthodontics. It allows the introduction of many treatment innovations. One should consider to what extent intraoral scanners have influenced the everyday orthodontic practice and in what direction should the further research in this field be conducted. This study is aimed to systematically review and synthesize available controlled trials investigating the accuracy and efficacy of intraoral scanners for orthodontic purpose to provide clinically useful information and to direct further research in this field. Methods: A literature search of free text and MeSH terms was performed by using MedLine (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. The search engines were used to find studies on application of intraoral scanners in orthodontics (from 1950 to 30 September 2020). The following keywords were used: “intraoral scanners AND efficiency AND accuracy AND orthodontics”. Results: The number of potential identified articles was 71, including 61 from PubMed, two from Scopus, three from Web of Science and five from Embase. After removal of duplicates, 67 full-text articles were analyzed for inclusion criteria, 16 of them were selected and finally included in the qualitative synthesis. Conclusions: There are plenty of data available on accuracy and efficacy of different scanners. Scanners of the same generation from different manufacturers have almost identical accuracy. This is the reason why future similar research will not introduce much to the orthodontics. The challenge for the coming years is to find new applications of digital impressions in the orthodontic practice

Application of the vibration signal in the diagnosis of the valve clearance of an internal combustion engine

The article describes a concept of a non-invasive method for diagnosing the size of the valve clearance of combustion engines based on an analysis of engine surface vibration signal using artificial neural networks. The applicability of the method was tested on a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine with a low power rating, which had an OHV timing gear acting indirectly on the valves and manual adjustment of valve clearance. The method uses as diagnostic signals the readings of vibration sensors, recording the acceleration of engine head movement as a function of the angle of rotation of its crankshaft, with pre-set values of valve lash measured in a cold condition. From among the recorded signals, components corresponding to the impact of rocker arms on valve stems were identified, and then these components were subjected to low-pass filtering in order to eliminate measurement interference. Using artificial neural networks, a classifier of selected measures of the processed signals was constructed, which recognizes signals generated by engines with correct valve clearance as well as those with too much and too little valve clearance

Application of vibration signal in the diagnosis of IC engine valve clearance

The article describes a concept of a non-invasive method for diagnosing the size of valve clearance in internal combustion engines, based on the analysis of engine surface vibration signals using artificial neural networks. The applicability of the method was tested on a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine with a low power rating, which had an OHV timing gear, acting indirectly on the valves, and manual adjustment of valve clearance. The method uses as diagnostic signals the readings of vibration sensors, which record the acceleration of engine head movement as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, with pre-set valve clearance values measured in a cold condition. From among the signals recorded, components corresponding to the impact of rocker arms against valve stems were identified and low-pass filtered in order to eliminate measurement interference. A classifier of selected features of the signals processed was constructed using artificial neural networks. This classifier recognizes signals generated by engines with correct valve clearance as well as those with too much and too little valve clearance

Attachments for the orthodontic aligner treatment—State of the art—A comprehensive systematic review

Background: In recent years the burden of aligner treatment has been growing. However, the sole use of aligners is characterized by limitations; thus attachments are bonded to the teeth to improve aligner retention and tooth movement. Nevertheless, it is often still a challenge to clinically achieve the planned movement. Thus, the aim of this study is to discuss the evidence of the shape, placement and bonding of composite attachments. Methods: A query was carried out in six databases on 10 December 2022 using the search string (“orthodontics” OR “malocclusion” OR “Tooth movement techniques AND (“aligner*” OR “thermoformed splints” OR “invisible splint*” AND (“attachment*” OR “accessor*” OR “auxill*” AND “position*”). Results: There were 209 potential articles identified. Finally, twenty-six articles were included. Four referred to attachment bonding, and twenty-two comprised the influence of composite attachment on movement efficacy. Quality assessment tools were used according to the study type. Conclusions: The use of attachments significantly improves the expression of orthodontic movement and aligner retention. It is possible to indicate sites on the teeth where attachments have a better effect on tooth movement and to assess which attachments facilitate movement. The research received no external funding. The PROSPERO database number is CRD42022383276

The Influence of Dental Occlusion on Spectrophotometric Tooth Color Determinations

Background: Shade matching is a significant treatment step and a challenge for the clinical team with potentially high costs for color correction. Currently, in the United States, the majority of private dental practitioners use visual color matching, but a recent study has reported a high rate of mistakes of subjective color determination among graduate dentists. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze whether a change in the oral background due to dental occlusion can influence tooth color determination. Methods: Volunteer dental students underwent spectrophotometric color assessment using the SpectroShade device. Two measurements were carried out (with the individuals’ occlusion closed and with the occlusion open) on 43 upper central and 58 lateral incisors. Association between colorimetric variables L*, a*, b* and ΔE00 and tooth width, length and tobacco usage were examined. Results: Slight changes in the CIELAB values between closed and open occlusions were found for both the gingival and the central sections as for the overall tooth area, with mean ΔL*=-1.24, Δa*=-1.77, Δb*=-1.42 and ΔE00=1,84. A larger difference was detected in the incisal area, with mean ΔL*=-2.99, Δa*=-1.76, Δb*=-2.83 and ΔE00=3.65. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed that dental occlusion does not play a significant role in tooth color matching determinations, even though attention to avoid overbite due to a maximum intercuspation should be made