Effects of moderate- vs. high-intensity interval training on physical fitness, enjoyment, and affective valence in overweight/obese female adolescents: a pre-/post-test study

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) vs. high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, physical fitness, and psychological valence in overweight/obese (OW/OB) female adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-eight OW/OB female students were randomized into HIIT (n=13), MIIT (n=13) or control (n=12) groups. The participants underwent a 12-week interval-training program at 100% to 110% and 60% to 75% of maximal aerobic speed for HIIT and MIIT, respectively. The control group kept their usual physical activity without completing the training program. Pre- and post-training measurements were performed to assess body composition, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic performance (using selected tests evaluating speed, jumping ability, and strength). Ratings of perceived exertion and the feeling scale were evaluated every three weeks. Enjoyment was measured at the end of the program. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements was applied to test for "group×time" interactions for body composition, physical fitness, and affective variables. RESULTS Significant "group×time" interactions were detected for aerobic and anaerobic performance, body composition indices, and the feeling scale. HIIT resulted in more noticeable improvements in body composition and physical performance than MIIT, while no significant changes were found in the control group. Throughout the program, the feeling score has progressively increased in the MIIT group but decreased in the HIIT group. Ratings of the perceived exertion have increased in both groups, more noticeably in the HIIT group. At the end of the program, the MIIT group showed a higher enjoyment score. CONCLUSIONS Despite offering better body composition improvement and physical fitness enhancement, HIIT offered lesser enjoyment and affective valence than MIIT in OW/OB female adolescents. MIIT might be an alternative time-efficient protocol for improving health in this population

Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy

The metaverse has the potential to extend the physical world using augmented and virtual reality technologies allowing users to seamlessly interact within real and simulated environments using avatars and holograms. Virtual environments and immersive games (such as, Second Life, Fortnite, Roblox and VRChat) have been described as antecedents of the metaverse and offer some insight to the potential socio-economic impact of a fully functional persistent cross platform metaverse. Separating the hype and “meta…” rebranding from current reality is difficult, as “big tech” paints a picture of the transformative nature of the metaverse and how it will positively impact people in their work, leisure, and social interaction. The potential impact on the way we conduct business, interact with brands and others, and develop shared experiences is likely to be transformational as the distinct lines between physical and digital are likely to be somewhat blurred from current perceptions. However, although the technology and infrastructure does not yet exist to allow the development of new immersive virtual worlds at scale - one that our avatars could transcend across platforms, researchers are increasingly examining the transformative impact of the metaverse. Impacted sectors include marketing, education, healthcare as well as societal effects relating to social interaction factors from widespread adoption, and issues relating to trust, privacy, bias, disinformation, application of law as well as psychological aspects linked to addiction and impact on vulnerable people. This study examines these topics in detail by combining the informed narrative and multi-perspective approach from experts with varied disciplinary backgrounds on many aspects of the metaverse and its transformational impact. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda that is valuable for researchers, professionals and policy makers alike

Trends of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLE) in eastern France: a three-year multi-centre incidence study.

International audienceThe objective of this study was to describe trends for the years 2004 to 2006 in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLE) in a large hospital network (70 hospitals in eastern France). The incidence of MRSA per 1,000 patient-days decreased significantly from 0.55 in 2004 to 0.45 in 2006. This trend was observed in medicine and surgery units, whereas MRSA incidence was stable in intensive care, paediatric and obstetric units. The incidence of blood cultures positive for MRSA remained stable at 0.04 per 1,000 patient-days. Conversely, the incidence of ESBLE increased significantly from 0.04 in 2004 to 0.08 in 2006. This increase was caused by the spread of ESBLE-producing Escherichia coli. The mean consumption of alcohol-based gel and solution (ABS), expressed in litres per 1,000 patient-days, was 3.3 in 2002, 4.5 in 2003, 5.4 in 2004 and 6.4 in 2005. There was no association between the consumption of ABS and MRSA incidence. These findings suggest that the French recommendations for the control of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) have been effective in reducing, or at least stabilising, the incidence of MRSA in an international context of general increase. However, the diffusion of ESBLE-producing E. coli is a matter of concern and should be carefully monitored

Surveillance des infections du site opératoire : résultats de la base de données nationale ISO-Raisin 1999-2004

International audienceIntroductionSurgical-site infections (SSI) are one of the nosocomial infections targeted by the national control programme. A database has been set up since 1999 derived from the regional surveillance networks which contribute to the national Nosocomial Infection Alert, Investigation and Surveillance Network (Raisin).MethodsEvery year, each volunteer surgery unit taking part in the surveillance network included 200 operated patients and collected individual data including NNIS risk index components (surgery duration, ASA, wound class) and other peri-operative factors. All the patients included had to be followed up to D30 following surgery, whenever possible. SSI were defined according to usual standard criteria.ResultsOf the 620,176 surgical procedures surveyed between 1999 and 2004, 10,349 SSI were identified (crude incidence rate: 1.7%), including 42% with deep or organ-space infection. SSI incidence varied according to risk NNIS index from 0.9% for lower risk to 14% for higher risk category. For the most commonly surveyed surgical operations, crude SSI incidence varied from 0.2% to 9.2% depending on procedures. Emergency conditions and video-surgery were considered as risk factors in addition to the NNIS risk index for specific procedures. NISS-O SSI incidence decreased for certain operations such as hernioraphia during the study period (- 50%).ConclusionSSI surveillance system based on volunteer networks is an interesting tool to estimate the risk of infection in surgery patients, and could provide relevant data to evaluate the impact of the national nosocomial infection control policy.IntroductionLes infections du site opératoire (ISO) font partie des infections nosocomiales cibles du programme national de lutte. Depuis 1999, une base de données a été créée à partir des réseaux de surveillance inter-régionaux dans le cadre du réseau national d'alerte, d'investigation et de surveillance des infections nosocomiales (Raisin). MéthodesChaque année, chaque service de chirurgie volontaire participant au réseau de surveillance devait inclure 200 patients opérés et recueillir des informations individuelles comprenant en particulier les composants de l'index de risque NNIS (durée opératoire, ASA, classe de contamination) et d'autres facteurs péri-opératoires. Tous les patients inclus devaient si possible être suivis jusqu'au 30ème jour postopératoire. Les ISO étaient définies selon les critères standard usuels. Résultats Parmi 620 176 interventions chirurgicales surveillées entre 1999 et 2004, 10 349 ISO ont été identifiées (taux d'incidence brut : 1,7 %) dont 42 % étaient profondes. L'incidence des ISO variait avec l'index de risque NNIS de 0,9 % pour les patients à faible risque jusqu'à 14 % pour les patients les plus à risque. Pour les interventions chirurgicales les plus souvent surveillées, l'incidence des ISO variait de 0,2 % à 9,2 % selon la procédure. Le caractère urgent de l'intervention et la vidéochirurgie étaient des facteurs de risque en plus de l'index NNIS pour certaines interventions spécifiques. Sur la période d'étude, l'incidence des ISO en NNIS-0 diminuait pour certaines interventions telles que les hernies de paroi (- 50 %). Conclusion Le système de surveillance des ISO basé sur des réseaux de services de chirurgie volontaires est un bon outil pour estimer le risque infectieux chez les patients opérés, et fournit des données pertinentes pour évaluer l'impact de la politique nationale de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales. (R.A.

Surveillance des infections du site opératoire : résultats de la base de données nationale ISO-Raisin 1999-2004

International audienceIntroductionSurgical-site infections (SSI) are one of the nosocomial infections targeted by the national control programme. A database has been set up since 1999 derived from the regional surveillance networks which contribute to the national Nosocomial Infection Alert, Investigation and Surveillance Network (Raisin).MethodsEvery year, each volunteer surgery unit taking part in the surveillance network included 200 operated patients and collected individual data including NNIS risk index components (surgery duration, ASA, wound class) and other peri-operative factors. All the patients included had to be followed up to D30 following surgery, whenever possible. SSI were defined according to usual standard criteria.ResultsOf the 620,176 surgical procedures surveyed between 1999 and 2004, 10,349 SSI were identified (crude incidence rate: 1.7%), including 42% with deep or organ-space infection. SSI incidence varied according to risk NNIS index from 0.9% for lower risk to 14% for higher risk category. For the most commonly surveyed surgical operations, crude SSI incidence varied from 0.2% to 9.2% depending on procedures. Emergency conditions and video-surgery were considered as risk factors in addition to the NNIS risk index for specific procedures. NISS-O SSI incidence decreased for certain operations such as hernioraphia during the study period (- 50%).ConclusionSSI surveillance system based on volunteer networks is an interesting tool to estimate the risk of infection in surgery patients, and could provide relevant data to evaluate the impact of the national nosocomial infection control policy.IntroductionLes infections du site opératoire (ISO) font partie des infections nosocomiales cibles du programme national de lutte. Depuis 1999, une base de données a été créée à partir des réseaux de surveillance inter-régionaux dans le cadre du réseau national d'alerte, d'investigation et de surveillance des infections nosocomiales (Raisin). MéthodesChaque année, chaque service de chirurgie volontaire participant au réseau de surveillance devait inclure 200 patients opérés et recueillir des informations individuelles comprenant en particulier les composants de l'index de risque NNIS (durée opératoire, ASA, classe de contamination) et d'autres facteurs péri-opératoires. Tous les patients inclus devaient si possible être suivis jusqu'au 30ème jour postopératoire. Les ISO étaient définies selon les critères standard usuels. Résultats Parmi 620 176 interventions chirurgicales surveillées entre 1999 et 2004, 10 349 ISO ont été identifiées (taux d'incidence brut : 1,7 %) dont 42 % étaient profondes. L'incidence des ISO variait avec l'index de risque NNIS de 0,9 % pour les patients à faible risque jusqu'à 14 % pour les patients les plus à risque. Pour les interventions chirurgicales les plus souvent surveillées, l'incidence des ISO variait de 0,2 % à 9,2 % selon la procédure. Le caractère urgent de l'intervention et la vidéochirurgie étaient des facteurs de risque en plus de l'index NNIS pour certaines interventions spécifiques. Sur la période d'étude, l'incidence des ISO en NNIS-0 diminuait pour certaines interventions telles que les hernies de paroi (- 50 %). Conclusion Le système de surveillance des ISO basé sur des réseaux de services de chirurgie volontaires est un bon outil pour estimer le risque infectieux chez les patients opérés, et fournit des données pertinentes pour évaluer l'impact de la politique nationale de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales. (R.A.

Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy

The metaverse has the potential to extend the physical world using augmented and virtual reality technologies allowing users to seamlessly interact within real and simulated environments using avatars and holograms. Virtual environments and immersive games (such as, Second Life, Fortnite, Roblox and VRChat) have been described as antecedents of the metaverse and offer some insight to the potential socio-economic impact of a fully functional persistent cross platform metaverse. Separating the hype and “meta…” rebranding from current reality is difficult, as “big tech” paints a picture of the transformative nature of the metaverse and how it will positively impact people in their work, leisure, and social interaction. The potential impact on the way we conduct business, interact with brands and others, and develop shared experiences is likely to be transformational as the distinct lines between physical and digital are likely to be somewhat blurred from current perceptions. However, although the technology and infrastructure does not yet exist to allow the development of new immersive virtual worlds at scale - one that our avatars could transcend across platforms, researchers are increasingly examining the transformative impact of the metaverse. Impacted sectors include marketing, education, healthcare as well as societal effects relating to social interaction factors from widespread adoption, and issues relating to trust, privacy, bias, disinformation, application of law as well as psychological aspects linked to addiction and impact on vulnerable people. This study examines these topics in detail by combining the informed narrative and multi-perspective approach from experts with varied disciplinary backgrounds on many aspects of the metaverse and its transformational impact. The paper concludes by proposing a future research agenda that is valuable for researchers, professionals and policy makers alike