Shakespeareʼs Complete Works as a Benchmark for Evaluating Multiscale Document-Navigation Techniques

International audienceIn this paper, we describe an experimental platform dedicated to the comparative evaluation of multiscale electronic-document navigation techniques. One noteworthy characteristics of our platform is that it allows the user not only to translate the document (for example, to pan and zoom) but also to tilt the virtual camera to obtain freely chosen perspective views of the document. Second, the platform makes it possible to explore, with semantic zooming, the 150,000 verses that comprise the complete works of William Shakespeare. We argue that reaching and selecting one specific verse in this very large text corpus amounts to a perfectly well defined Fitts task, leading to rigorous assessments of target acquisition performance. For lack of a standard, the various multiscale techniques that have been reported recently in the literature are difficult to compare. We recommend that Shakespeare's complete works, converted into a single document that can be zoomed both geometrically and semantically, be used as a benchmark to facilitate systematic experimental comparisons, using Fitts' target acquisition paradigm

Geocronologia U-Pb em zircão e isótopos Sm-Nd e Pb-Pb no vulcanismo Ediacarano alta-sílica da Formação Acampamento Velho na região do Tupanci, NW do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, Brasil

We present new U-Pb zircon ages and Sm-Nd-Pb isotopic data for volcanic and hypabyssal acid rocks from the northernmost exposure of the Acampamento Velho Formation in the NW portion of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield, Brazil. The first volcanic episode, grouped in the high-Ti rhyolites from the Tupanci hill, shows age of 579 ± 5.6 Ma, which is in agreement with the post-collisional Acampamento Velho Formation volcanism in the Bom Jardim Group of the Camaquã Basin. A poorly constrained age of 558 +/- 39 Ma was obtained for rhyolites from the low-Ti group at the Picados Hill, which may indicate a younger acid volcanism, or a greater time span for the volcanism of the Acampamento Velho Formation in southernmost Brazil. Regarding magmatic sources, Sm/Nd isotopic data coupled to Pb isotopes and a review of trace element geochemistry indicate different amounts of Paleoproterozoic (Dom Feliciano, Pinheiro Machado Suite) to Neoproterozoic (Rio Vacacaí terrane) lower crust melting. Our data, coupled with literature data, contribute to a better understanding of the stratigraphic evolution for the Neoproterozoic post-collisional volcanic successions of the Camaquã Basin in the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield.Novas idades obtidas por meio do método U-Pb em zircão e dados isotópicos Sm-Nd-Pb são apresentados para as rochas vulcânicas e hipabssais ácidas da exposição mais setentrional da Formação Acampamento Velho na porção NW do Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, Brasil. O primeiro episódio vulcânico, agrupado nos riolitos alto-Ti do Cerro Tupanci, possui idades de 579 ± 5,6 Ma, o que está de acordo com dados da literatura para o vulcanismo pós-colisional da Formação Acampamento Velho na Bacia do Camaquã. Idades de 558 +/- 39 Ma foram obtidas para o grupo de riolitos baixo-Ti no Cerro dos Picados, o que pode indicar um episódio vulcânico mais recente ou um período de tempo maior para o vulcanismo da Formação Acampamento Velho no Sul do Brasil, embora o grau de incerteza nos dados seja alto. Em relação às fontes magmáticas, os dados isotópicos de Sm- -Nd acoplados a isótopos de Pb e uma revisão da geoquímica de elementostraço indicam diferentes graus de fusão de crosta inferior paleoproterozoica (Suíte Dom Feliciano, Pinheiro Machado) a neoproterozoica (Terreno Rio Vacacaí). Os dados apresentados neste estudo, quando analisados em conjunto com dados da literatura, contribuem para a melhor compreensão da evolução estratigráfica das sucessões vulcânicas neoproterozoicas pós-colisionais da Bacia do Camaquã no Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense

Simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis

BACKGROUND: Aspecific scoring systems are used to predict the risk of death postsurgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The purpose of the present study was both to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death, which complicates surgery for IE, and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outcomes of 361 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.1\ub115.4 years) who had undergone surgery for IE in 8 European centers of cardiac surgery were recorded prospectively, and a risk factor analysis (multivariable logistic regression) for in-hospital death was performed. The discriminatory power of a new predictive scoring system was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Score validation procedures were carried out. Fifty-six (15.5%) patients died postsurgery. BMI >27 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; P=0.049), estimated glomerular filtration rate 55 mm Hg (OR, 1.78; P=0.032), and critical state (OR, 2.37; P=0.017) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. A scoring system was devised to predict in-hospital death postsurgery for IE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.734-0.822). The score performed better than 5 of 6 scoring systems for in-hospital death after cardiac surgery that were considered. CONCLUSIONS: A simple scoring system based on risk factors for in-hospital death was specifically created to predict mortality risk postsurgery in patients with IE

Geochronologie U-Pb appliquee a deux segments du Massif Central francais : le Rouergue oriental et le Limousin central

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Géochronologie U-Pb et leucogranites varisques : cas des massifs de Grandrieu (Lozère) et de la Porcherie (Limousin), Massif Central français

U-Pb systematics is applied to the study of two leucogranites from the French Massif Central : the "La Porcherie" leucogranite which cross cuts major Variscan thrusts in the Saint-Germain-les-Belles area (Limousin), and the "Grandrieu" leucogranite which is associated with the Margeride calc-alkaline granite (Lozère). It is shown that : 1) The U-Pb system of zircon is unsuitable for the dating of the emplacement. For "La Porcherie" leucogranite, the zircons contain xenocryst core with euhedral overgrowths ; this old inherited component seems to be characteristic for leucogranites associated with major shear zones (Galicia, South Brittany). Such a feature is absent in the "Grandrieu" leucogranite. 2) Monazites appear to be a good tool for the geochemical and geochronological studies of leucogranites. U-Pb data for these monazites yield sub-concordant ages interpreted as emplacement ages : 317 ± 3 Ma for "La Porcherie" leucogranite, 305 ± 4 Ma for "Grandrieu" leucogranite.La systématique U-Pb a été appliquée à l'étude de deux massifs leucogranitiques : le leucogranite de la Porcherie recoupant les structures chevauchantes varisques majeures dans la région de Saint-Germain-les-Belles (Limousin) et le leucogranite de Grandrieu associé au granite porphyroïde de la Margeride (Lozère). Le système U-Pb des zircons ne permet pas d'obtenir l'âge de mise en place de ces leucogranites. Les zircons du leucogranite de la Porcherie présentent une composante héritée ancienne que l'on retrouve systématiquement dans les leucogranites liés à des linéaments (Galice, zone sud-armoricaine). Cette particularité n'est pas reconnue pour le leucogranite de Grandrieu et pourrait représenter une caractéristique des leucogranites liés aux grands massifs calco-alcalins. La monazite se révèle un minéral particulièrement bien adapté à la datation des leucogranites car elle nous a permis de proposer des âges de mise en place de 317 ± 3 Ma pour le leucogranite de la Porcherie et 305 ± 4 Ma pour le leucogranite de Grandrieu.Lafon Jean-Michel, Respaut Jean-Patrick. Géochronologie U-Pb et leucogranites varisques : cas des massifs de Grandrieu (Lozère) et de la Porcherie (Limousin), Massif Central français. In: Bulletin de Minéralogie, volume 111, 2, 1988. pp. 225-237

Le Zimbabwe Contemporain

Position papers on Zimbabwe 10 years after Independancerecueil d'articles sur le Zimbabwe, faisant le point dix ans après l'indépendanc

Actes des Rencontres Doctorales de la 28ième conférence francophone sur l’Interaction Homme-Machine

Pour sa 28ème édition, la conférence francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine (IHM) vient en Suisse pour la première fois, à Fribourg. Cette édition marque aussi un événement important de l’AFIHM : ses vingt ans ! La conférence, se tenant du 25 au 28 octobre 2016, est présidée par Denis Lalanne (Human-IST, Université de Fribourg) et Laurence Nigay (Université Grenoble Alpes). IHM 2016 est un lieu d'échanges entre les différents acteurs de la recherche en Interaction Homme-Machine. Nos ambitions avec cette édition d'IHM étaient : • D’encourager la participation de jeunes chercheurs • D’augmenter les liens entre laboratoires et entreprises, notamment locales, autour des problématiques d’IHM • De favoriser la pluridisciplinarité (informatique, psychologie, sociologie) • De promouvoir le domaine de l’Interaction Homme-Machine en Suisse et de tisser un lien fort avec le reste de la communauté en Interaction Homme-Machine • De fêter les vingt ans de l’AFIH

Using the Multi-Layer Model for Building Interactive Graphical Applications

Most interactive graphical applications that use direct manipulation are built with low-level libraries such as Xlib because the graphic and interaction models of higher-level toolkits such as Motif are not extensible. This results in high design, development and maintenance costs and encourages the development of stereotyped applications based on buttons, menus and dialogue boxes instead of direct manipulation of the applications objects. In this article we argue that these drawbacks come from the fact that high-level toolkits rely on a visualization model to manage interaction. We introduce a model that uses several graphical layers to separate the graphic entities involved in visualization from those involved in feedback and interaction management. We describe the implementation of this MultiLayer Model and we show how it can take advantage of software and hardware graphic extensions to provide good performance. We also show how it supports multiple input devices and simplifies the description of a wide variety of interaction styles. Finally, we describe our experience in using this model to implement a set of editors for a professional animation system

Projet d'orthographe pratique du comorien

Ce système forme la base des propositions ultérieures de Chamanga et constitue la norme usuelleRoman spelling system for all varieties of Comorian using only standard symbolspropositions pour une orthographe latine pan-dialectale du comorien, ne recourant qu'aux symboles standard