Napredak koncepta višerazinskog sustavskog inženjerstva u razumijevanju srčanog razvoja

Multiscale systems engineering provides a way to integrate models of real-world phenomena that allows a holistic understanding of component interactions at different levels of scale simultaneously. The discipline draws upon information engineering to provide ontological representations that are derived from digital libraries of terms, them-selves found at distributed locations around the world. Cardiac development is well understood within discrete levels of analysis. The application of the multiscale framework gives added value by unlocking the relationships between genetic-based information at one level of analysis and the phenotype it encodes for at the cell and organ levels of abstraction. The multiscale-based relationships have begun to demonstrate new insights into normal cardiac development and conditions that give rise to congenital heart diseases such as the tetralogy of Fallot. This paper describes progress made in combining ontology-based information models and explains the importance of the role of multiscale systems engineering.Višerazinsko sustavsko inženjerstvo pruža mogućnost integracije modela različitih pojava iz stvarnog svijeta, što omogućuje cjelovito razumijevanje interakcija komponenti sustava istovremeno na različitim razinama skale. Disciplina je to koja koristi informatiku za omogućavanje ontoloških reprezentacija koje se izvode iz digitalnih knjižnica pojmova smještenih na raspodijeljnim lokacijama širom svijeta. Unutar pojedinačnih razina analize postoji dobro razmijevanje srčanog razvoja. Primjena višerazinskog okvira daje dodatnu vrijednost otključavajući vezu između genetski temeljenih informacija na jednoj razini analize i fenotipa koji kodira na razinama apstrakcije stanice i organa. Višerazinski temeljene veze počele su donositi nove spoznaje normalnog srčanog razvoja i uvjeta koji vode k pojavi prirođenih srčanih grešaka kao što je Fallotova tetralogija. Ovaj rad opisuje napredak postignut kombiniranjem ontologijski temeljenih infomacijskih modela i objašnjava važnost uloge višerazinskog sustavskog inženjerstva

Multiscale information modelling for heart morphogenesis

Science is made feasible by the adoption of common systems of units. As research has become more data intensive, especially in the biomedical domain, it requires the adoption of a common system of information models, to make explicit the relationship between one set of data and another, regardless of format. This is being realised through the OBO Foundry to develop a suite of reference ontologies, and NCBO Bioportal to provide services to integrate biomedical resources and functionality to visualise and create mappings between ontology terms. Biomedical experts tend to be focused at one level of spatial scale, be it biochemistry, cell biology, or anatomy. Likewise, the ontologies they use tend to be focused at a particular level of scale. There is increasing interest in a multiscale systems approach, which attempts to integrate between different levels of scale to gain understanding of emergent effects. This is a return to physiological medicine with a computational emphasis, exemplified by the worldwide Physiome initiative, and the European Union funded Network of Excellence in the Virtual Physiological Human. However, little work has been done on how information modelling itself may be tailored to a multiscale systems approach. We demonstrate how this can be done for the complex process of heart morphogenesis, which requires multiscale understanding in both time and spatial domains. Such an effort enables the integration of multiscale metrology

Buckling curves of hot rolled H steel sections submitted to fire

Report of the research work at the base of the design equation introduced in Eurocode 3 (EN 1993-1-2) for the stability of steel columns under axial loading or combined axial and bending loading

Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke

BACKGROUND Trials of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent recurrent stroke have been inconclusive. We investigated whether patients with cryptogenic stroke and echocardiographic features representing risk of stroke would benefit from PFO closure or anticoagulation, as compared with antiplatelet therapy. METHODS In a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, we assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, patients 16 to 60 years of age who had had a recent stroke attributed to PFO, with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, to transcatheter PFO closure plus long-term antiplatelet therapy (PFO closure group), antiplatelet therapy alone (antiplatelet-only group), or oral anticoagulation (anticoagulation group) (randomization group 1). Patients with contraindications to anticoagulants or to PFO closure were randomly assigned to the alternative noncontraindicated treatment or to antiplatelet therapy (randomization groups 2 and 3). The primary outcome was occurrence of stroke. The comparison of PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 2, and the comparison of oral anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 3. RESULTS A total of 663 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a mean (+/- SD) of 5.3 +/- 2.0 years. In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 2, no stroke occurred among the 238 patients in the PFO closure group, whereas stroke occurred in 14 of the 235 patients in the antiplatelet-only group (hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.26; P<0.001). Procedural complications from PFO closure occurred in 14 patients (5.9%). The rate of atrial fibrillation was higher in the PFO closure group than in the antiplatelet-only group (4.6% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.02). The number of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the treatment groups (P = 0.56). In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 3, stroke occurred in 3 of 187 patients assigned to oral anticoagulants and in 7 of 174 patients assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who had had a recent cryptogenic stroke attributed to PFO with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, the rate of stroke recurrence was lower among those assigned to PFO closure combined with antiplatelet therapy than among those assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone. PFO closure was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation

Numerical simulations of fire resistance tests on steel and composite structural elements or frames

peer reviewedA computer program for the analysis of steel and composite structures under fire conditions is presented. It is based on the finite element method using beam elements with subdivision of the cross section in a rectangular mesh. The structure submitted to increasing loads or temperatures is analyzed step-by-step using the Newton-Raphson procedure. The thermal problem is solved by a finite difference method based on the heat balance between adj acent elements. Comparisons are made between full scale tests on steel and composite structural elements and frames and the results given by the numerical simulations. The agreement appears to be quite good. Furthermore are discussed the new possibilities given by this numerical computer code.REFAO-CAFI

Practical design tools for composite steel - concrete construction elements submitted to ISO-fire considering the interaction between axial load N and bending moment M

Practical Design Tool forunprotected steel columns submitted to ISO-fire - REFAO II

Virtual imaging for teaching cardiac embryology.

International audienceKnowledge of the embryology of the normal heart is essential for understanding the development of congenital cardiopathies. However, learning embryology is not an easy matter because it requires understanding the intricacy and evolution of many complex structures and functions. Classically, this evolution is usually described in textbooks by means of drawings and sketches. With these techniques, however it is difficult to imagine the spatial and temporal links. Recent advances in computer graphics have brought about ways to illustrate these dimensions. We developed a 3-D animation of the full embryogenetic process of the normal heart

Indications de l'échocardiographie foetale (962 examens réalisés auprès de 723 patientes)

RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Long-term efficacy of two vena cava filter implants for congenital duplicated inferior vena cava.

International audienc