Comparison of integral structures on spaces of modular forms of weight two, and computation of spaces of forms mod 2 of weight one, with appendices by Jean-Francois Mestre and Gabor Wiese

Two integral structures on the Q-vector space of modular forms of weight two on X_0(N) are compared at primes p exactly dividing N. When p=2 and N is divisible by a prime that is 3 mod 4, this comparison leads to an algorithm for computing the space of weight one forms mod 2 on X_0(N/2). For p arbitrary and N>4 prime to p, a way to compute the Hecke algebra of mod p modular forms of weight one on Gamma_1(N) is presented, using forms of weight p, and, for p=2, parabolic group cohomology with mod 2 coefficients. Appendix A is a letter from Mestre to Serre, of October 1987, where he reports on computations of weight one forms mod 2 of prime level. Appendix B reports on an implementation for p=2 in Magma, using Stein's modular symbols package, with which Mestre's computations are redone and slightly extended.Comment: 39 pages, Late

Simultaneous Diagonalization of Incomplete Matrices and Applications

We consider the problem of recovering the entries of diagonal matrices $\{U_a\}_a$ for $a = 1,\ldots,t$ from multiple "incomplete" samples $\{W_a\}_a$ of the form $W_a=PU_aQ$, where $P$ and $Q$ are unknown matrices of low rank. We devise practical algorithms for this problem depending on the ranks of $P$ and $Q$. This problem finds its motivation in cryptanalysis: we show how to significantly improve previous algorithms for solving the approximate common divisor problem and breaking CLT13 cryptographic multilinear maps.Comment: 16 page

RES-Q-Trace: A Mobile CEAS-Based Demonstrator for Multi-Component Trace Gas Detection in the MIR

Sensitive trace gas detection plays an important role in current challenges occurring in areas such as industrial process control and environmental monitoring. In particular, for medical breath analysis and for the detection of illegal substances, e.g., drugs and explosives, a selective and sensitive detection of trace gases in real-time is required. We report on a compact and transportable multi-component system (RES-Q-Trace) for molecular trace gas detection based on cavity-enhanced techniques in the mid-infrared (MIR). The RES-Q-Trace system can operate four independent continuous wave quantum or interband cascade lasers each combined with an optical cavity. Twice the method of off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OA-CEAS) was used, twice the method of optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS), respectively. Multi-functional software has been implemented (i) for the general system control; (ii) to drive the four different laser sources and (iii) to analyze the detector signals for concentration determination of several molecular species. For the validation of the versatility and the performance of the RES-Q-Trace instrument the species NO, N2O, CH4, C2H4 and C3H6O, with relevance in the fields of breath gas analysis and the detection of explosives have been monitored in the MIR with detection limits at atmospheric pressure in the ppb and ppt range

Setting the photoelectron clock through molecular alignment

The interaction of strong laser fields with matter intrinsically provides powerful tools to image transient dynamics with an extremely high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we study strong-field ionisation of laser-aligned molecules and show a full real-time picture of the photoelectron dynamics in the combined action of the laser field and the molecular interaction. We demonstrate that the molecule has a dramatic impact on the overall strong-field dynamics: it sets the clock for the emission of electrons with a given rescattering kinetic energy. This result represents a benchmark for the seminal statements of molecular-frame strong-field physics and has strong impact on the interpretation of self-diffraction experiments. Furthermore, the resulting encoding of the time-energy relation in molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions shows the way of probing the molecular potential in real-time and accessing a deeper understanding of electron transport during strong-field interactions.Comment: Final version. Added appendixes and supplementary display item

Universal interface width distributions at the depinning threshold

We compute the probability distribution of the interface width at the depinning threshold, using recent powerful algorithms. It confirms the universality classes found previously. In all cases, the distribution is surprisingly well approximated by a generalized Gaussian theory of independant modes which decay with a characteristic propagator G(q)=1/q^(d+2 zeta); zeta, the roughness exponent, is computed independently. A functional renormalization analysis explains this result and allows to compute the small deviations, i.e. a universal kurtosis ratio, in agreement with numerics. We stress the importance of the Gaussian theory to interpret numerical data and experiments.Comment: 4 pages revtex4. See also the following article cond-mat/030146

Influência da pandemia da Covid-19 na prevalência de desfechos perinatais adversos de uma maternidade pública / The influence of Covid-19 pandemic on the prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes in a public maternity hospital

Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 teve um grande impacto mundial, influenciando também a saúde das gestantes. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da pandemia da COVID-19 na prevalência de desfechos perinatais adversos de uma maternidade pública.  Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal realizado em dois momentos, nos meses de março de 2019 e março de 2021, em uma maternidade pública do sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados os desfechos gestacionais adversos através do cálculo da razão de chance, com intervalo de confiança de 95%.  Resultados: Foram avaliadas 1088 pacientes, sendo 522 (47,98%) no primeiro e 566 (52,02%) no segundo período. Encontramos um maior número de estrangeiras, aumento de DMG (Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional), Pré-eclâmpsia / Hipertensão gestacional, e de HAS (Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica) no segundo período. Quanto ao nascimento, encontramos um aumento no número de partos pré-termo, no número de cesarianas,  diminuição de recém-nascidos GIG (Grande para Idade Gestacional) e aumento de recém-nascidos AIG (Adequado para Idade Gestacional) também no segundo período. Quanto aos motivos de internação observamos aumento de internações devido aos casos de Hipertensão Arterial Crônica, Pré-eclâmpsia / Hipertensão gestacional, pielonefrite e de trabalho de parto prematuro, e diminuição dos casos internados de hiperêmese e oligodrâmnio,  no segundo período. Na analise da razão de chance ajustado concluiu-se que gestantes apresentaram uma maior chance de DMG (RC 57,7% IC 95% 10%-126%) e cesariana (RC 31,5% IC 95% 4-75%), nos outros desfechos avaliados não encontramos significância. Conclusão: Houve aumento da razão de chance de cesariana em 1,3 vezes e de diabetes gestacional em 1,5 vezes, com a pandemia

Tracking long-distance migration to assess marine pollution impact

Animal tracking provides new means to assess far-reaching environmental impacts. In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico, a long-distance migrant, the northern gannet (Morus bassanus) suffered the highest oiling among beach-wrecked birds recovered. Analysis of bird-borne tracking data indicated that 25 per cent of their North American population from multiple colonies in eastern Canada migrated to the pollution zone. Findings contrasted sharply with available mark-recapture (band recovery) data. The timing of movement into and out of the Gulf indicates that immature birds would have absorbed most oil-induced mortality. Consequently, one of two outcomes is likely: either a lagged (likely difficult to assess) population decrease, or an undetectable population response buffered by age-related life-history adaptations. Tracking research is especially useful when little information on animal distributions in pollution zones is available, as is the case in the Gulf of Mexico. Ongoing research highlights current risks and conservation concerns

Prevention of Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy Through Hygiene-based Behavioral Interventions: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in childhood and an important cause of neurodisability. There is no licensed cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine and no antenatal treatment for congenital CMV that is routinely recommended in clinical practice in the United Kingdom. OBJECTIVES: To review the published literature for studies that evaluated preventative hygiene-based interventions in pregnancy for their impact on knowledge about CMV prevention, the uptake of preventative behaviors or the acquisition of CMV in pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were carried out in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: All human studies, limited to women of childbearing age were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the methods and results of included articles. Extracted data were classified using Cochrane guidelines. MAIN RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. These show that preventative measures are acceptable to pregnant women, can impact their behavior and have the potential to reduce CMV in pregnancy. They are limited by several factors; sample size, nonrandomized trial design and interventions that are beyond routine clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: An effective intervention that changes behavior in pregnancy and reduces the risk of CMV acquisition is needed as part of routine care. There is currently insufficient evidence about the form that this intervention should take. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017069666