2,287 research outputs found
The Role of International Law in Post-Conflict Constitution-Making: Toward a Jus Post Bellum for “Interim Occupations”
Propagation and organization in lattice random media
We show that a signal can propagate in a particular direction through a model
random medium regardless of the precise state of the medium. As a prototype, we
consider a point particle moving on a one-dimensional lattice whose sites are
occupied by scatterers with the following properties: (i) the state of each
site is defined by its spin (up or down); (ii) the particle arriving at a site
is scattered forward (backward) if the spin is up (down); (iii) the state of
the site is modified by the passage of the particle, i.e. the spin of the site
where a scattering has taken place, flips (). We consider one dimensional and triangular lattices, for which we give a
microscopic description of the dynamics, prove the propagation of a particle
through the scatterers, and compute analytically its statistical properties. In
particular we prove that, in one dimension, the average propagation velocity is
, with the probability that a site has a spin
, and, in the triangular lattice, the average propagation velocity is
independent of the scatterers distribution: . In both cases, the
origin of the propagation is a blocking mechanism, restricting the motion of
the particle in the direction opposite to the ultimate propagation direction,
and there is a specific re-organization of the spins after the passage of the
particle. A detailed mathematical analysis of this phenomenon is, to the best
of our knowledge, presented here for the first time.Comment: 30 pages, 15 separate figures (in PostScript); submitted to J. Stat.
Phy
Ionized Gas Motions and the Structure of Feedback Near a Forming Globular Cluster in NGC 5253
We observed Brackett 4.05m emission towards the supernebula in
NGC 5253 with NIRSPEC on Keck II in adaptive optics mode, NIRSPAO, to probe
feedback from its exciting embedded super star cluster (SSC). NIRSPEC's
Slit-Viewing Camera was simultaneously used to image the K-band continuum at
resolution. We register the IR continuum with HST imaging, and
find that the visible clusters are offset from the K-band peak, which coincides
with the Br peak of the supernebula and its associated molecular
cloud. The spectra of the supernebula exhibit Br emission with a
strong, narrow core. The linewidths are 65-76 km s, FWHM, comparable to
those around individual ultra-compact HII regions within our Galaxy. A weak,
broad (FWHM150-175 km s) component is detected on the base of
the line, which could trace a population of sources with high-velocity winds.
The core velocity of Br emission shifts by +13 km s from NE to
SW across the supernebula, possibly indicating a bipolar outflow from an
embedded object, or linked to a foreground redshifted gas filament. The results
can be explained if the supernebula comprises thousands of ionized wind regions
around individual massive stars, stalled in their expansion due to critical
radiative cooling and unable to merge to drive a coherent cluster wind. Based
on the absence of an outflow with large mass loss, we conclude that feedback is
currently ineffective at dispersing gas, and the SSC retains enriched material
out of which it may continue to form stars.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Jurisdicción multicultural en el Estado liberal: Una visión crítica
Este trabajo sostiene una actitud crítica respecto al llamado “nuevo pluralismo jurídico”.Comienza situando este concepto en una perspectiva histórica, para luego analizar losargumentos feministas a favor de la “acomodación transformativa” de la diversidad religiosaen un pluralismo jurídico basado en el estatus religioso. La aportación de la autora no se ciñea identificar los fallos del pluralismo jurídico, sino que ofrece además un modelo diferente deacomodación transformativa, que descansa en una mezcla de enfoques jurídicos respecto alos problemas que afrontan las mujeres religiosas en una democracia constitucional.Palabras claveIgualdad de género, minorías religiosas, multiculturalismo, pluralismo jurídico,constitucionalismo, derecho personal y de familia.Palabras clave: Igualdad de género, minorías religiosas, multiculturalismo, pluralismo jurídico,constitucionalismo, derecho personal y de familia.Abstract: This paper defends a critical view about the so called “new legal pluralism”. It begins byplacing this concept in an historical perspective, and then analyzing feminist arguments forthe “transformative accommodation” of religious diversity in the form of status based legalpluralism. The author’s contribution is not only the assessing of the flaws in the legal pluralistsolution, but also the offering of a different model of transformative accommodation that restson a mix of legal approaches to the problems faced by religious women in a constitutional democracy.Keywords: Gender equality, religious minorities, multiculturalism, legal pluralism, constitutionalism, personal and family law
Repensando a privacidade: autonomia, identidade e a controvérsia sobre o aborto
Resumo
A partir de um diálogo com a crítica feminista à s dicotomias entre o público e o privado, a autora define os limites e contornos do direito à privacidade, considerado um aspecto central à autonomia e ao direito ao corpo. O comunitarismo e as correntes feministas que defendem a superação das fronteiras entre público e privado são criticados pela incapacidade de garantir o respeito à s decisões autônomas dos indivíduos, sobretudo no que concerne seu corpo, sua vida afetiva e aspectos relevantes da sua identidade. A garantia da privacidade é vista como algo necessário à afirmação das identidades individuais e à proteção dos indivíduos em relação à s práticas e valores majoritários na comunidade em que estão inseridos. O direito ao aborto constitui o direito à privacidade, assim definido.
Palavras-chave: privacidade; autonomia; direito; identidades; aborto.
Abstract
In a dialogue with feminist criticism to public-private dichotomies, the author defines limits and outlines of the right to privacy, considered as a core aspect of autonomy and the right to the body. Communitarianism and feminist streams that advocate overcoming boundaries between what is public and private are criticized for their inability to guarantee respect for individual’s autonomous decisions, especially regarding their bodies, their affective lives, and relevant aspects of their identities. Guarantee of privacy is seen as necessary to ascertain individual identities and protect individuals from majority values and practices within the communities they are part of. The right to abortion constitutes the right to privacy, thus defined.
Key words: privacy; autonomy; rights; identities; abortion
Ewald Sums for One Dimension
We derive analytic solutions for the potential and field in a one-dimensional
system of masses or charges with periodic boundary conditions, in other words
Ewald sums for one dimension. We also provide a set of tools for exploring the
system evolution and show that it's possible to construct an efficient
algorithm for carrying out simulations. In the cosmological setting we show
that two approaches for satisfying periodic boundary conditions, one overly
specified and the other completely general, provide a nearly identical
clustering evolution until the number of clusters becomes small, at which time
the influence of any size-dependent boundary cannot be ignored. Finally we
compare the results with other recent work with the hope of providing
clarification over differences these issues have induced. We explain that
modern formulations of physics require a well defined potential which is not
available if the forces are screened directly.Comment: 2 figures added references expanded discussion of algorithm corrected
figures added discussion of screened forc
Services within a busy period of an M/M/1 queue and Dyck paths
We analyze the service times of customers in a stable M/M/1 queue in
equilibrium depending on their position in a busy period. We give the law of
the service of a customer at the beginning, at the end, or in the middle of the
busy period. It enables as a by-product to prove that the process of instants
of beginning of services is not Poisson. We then proceed to a more precise
analysis. We consider a family of polynomial generating series associated with
Dyck paths of length 2n and we show that they provide the correlation function
of the successive services in a busy period with (n+1) customers
Nonlinear dynamics of phase separation in thin films
We present a long-wavelength approximation to the Navier-Stokes Cahn-Hilliard
equations to describe phase separation in thin films. The equations we derive
underscore the coupled behaviour of free-surface variations and phase
separation. We introduce a repulsive substrate-film interaction potential and
analyse the resulting fourth-order equations by constructing a Lyapunov
functional, which, combined with the regularizing repulsive potential, gives
rise to a positive lower bound for the free-surface height. The value of this
lower bound depends on the parameters of the problem, a result which we compare
with numerical simulations. While the theoretical lower bound is an obstacle to
the rupture of a film that initially is everywhere of finite height, it is not
sufficiently sharp to represent accurately the parametric dependence of the
observed dips or `valleys' in free-surface height. We observe these valleys
across zones where the concentration of the binary mixture changes sharply,
indicating the formation of bubbles. Finally, we carry out numerical
simulations without the repulsive interaction, and find that the film ruptures
in finite time, while the gradient of the Cahn--Hilliard concentration develops
a singularity.Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, PDFLaTeX with RevTeX4 macros. A thorough
analysis of the equations is presented in arXiv:0805.103
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