Sensory quality of chosen types of meat products

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá hodnocením senzorické kvality masných výrobků. K hodnocení bylo vybráno 5 vzorků vepřové dušené šunky rozdílné jakosti a od různých výrobců. Teoretická část se zabývá složením a vlastnostmi masa a masných produktů a technologií jejich výroby. Dále jsou zde uvedeny vybrané metody hodnocení senzorické kvality. K senzorickému hodnocení vzorků byla použita pořadová a grafická stupnice. Hodnotitelé posuzovali tyto základní vlastnosti daných vzorků vepřové šunky – barvu, vzhled v nákroji, vypracování, konzistenci, vůni, chuť, slanost a křehkost. Výsledky hodnocení byly zapisovány do připravených dotazníků, které byly následně statisticky a graficky zpracovány. Senzorická analýza byla provedena skupinou studentů z fakulty chemické VUT v Brně.This Bachelor’s thesis deals with the evaluation of sensory quality of meat products. The 5 samples of pork ham of different quality and from different producers were selected for evaluation. The theoretical part focuses on the composition and properties of meat and meat products, and their production technology. The selected methods for sensory evaluation of quality are also mentioned. Ordinal and graphical scales were used for sensory evaluation of samples. The assessors evaluated these basic characteristics of the ham samples - color, appearance in the cut, preparation, consistency, smell, taste, saltiness and tenderness. The results were written down in the prepared questionnaires which were subsequently statistically and graphically evaluated. Sensory analysis was performed by group of students from the Faculty of Chemistry BUT.

Environmental offenses committed by legal entities

Trestné činy proti životnímu prostředí páchané právnickými osobami Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se zabývá stavem české trestněprávní ochrany životního prostředí a jejího vývoje ve vztahu k právnickým osobám. Stěžejní význam pro tuto práci má zákon č. 418/2011 Sb., o trestní odpovědnosti právnických osob a řízení proti nim, jenž zavedl s účinností od 1. 1. 2012 do českého právního řádu nový institut trestní odpovědnost právnických osob. Přestože tento institut od svého zavedení do právního řádu prošel mnohými změnami, stále trpí určitými nedostatky, o kterých se tato práce zmiňuje. Dále je pro tuto práci stěžejní zákon č. 40/2009 Sb., trestní zákoník, převážně jeho Hlava VIII. a předpisy na úrovni mezinárodního a unijního práva, jež se vztahují k životnímu prostředí. Cílem práce je zhodnotit, zda trestní odpovědnost právnických osob je vhodným a dostatečně účinným nástrojem k ochraně životního prostředí. Práce je rozdělena do čtyř kapitol, kdy první dvě mají obecný charakter. První kapitola objasňuje základní pojmy, které jsou pro práci podstatné, především pojem právnické osoby v platném právu a pojem životního prostředí. Dále se zaobírá ochranou životního prostředí a jejími prameny na vnitrostátní, unijní a mezinárodní úrovni. Druhá kapitola se věnuje obecně přijímání zákonu č. 418/2011 Sb., o trestní...Environmental offences committed by legal entities Abstract This thesis deals with the Czech criminal law protection of the environment and its development in relation to legal entities. The main importance for this thesis is found in Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution effective since the January 1, 2012, which brought new institute of criminal liability of legal entities into the legal system of the Czech Republic. Although, there had been several changes, imperfections still occur in connection with this institute. Furthermore, this thesis concerns on Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code and international and EU regulations related to the environment. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether the criminal liability is a suitable and effective tool to protect the environment. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter provides explanation of concepts essential for the thesis, especially the concept of legal entity in the applicable law and the concept of environment, it also deals with environmental protection and it sources in national, EU and international regulation. The second chapter focuses on adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution and the circumstances before the...Katedra trestního právaDepartment of Criminal LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Determination of selected chemical parameters of fruits of modern gooseberry varieties

Diplomová práce se zabývá stanovením jednotlivých chemických parametrů v moderních odrůdách angreštu (Grossularia uva-crispa). Teoretická část je zaměřena na botanickou charakteristiku rostliny, popis vybraných odrůd, chemické složení a potravinářské využití plodů. Druhá polovina teoretické části je věnována charakteristice vybraných nutričních parametrů a metodám stanovení celkových anthokyanů, fenolických látek, vitaminu C a antioxidační aktivity. V experimentální části byla provedena analýza celkem 17 odrůd angreštu, které pocházejí od pěstitele Vondráčka a z Výzkumného a šlechtitelského ústavu ovocnářského v Holovousích. Ke stanovení monomerních anthokyanů byla použita pH diferenciální metoda. Celkový obsah polyfenolů byl stanovován pomocí Folin-Ciocalteuova činidla. Dále byl ve všech odrůdách stanoven obsah vitaminu C metodou HPLC a zhodnocena celková antioxidační aktivita s využitím radikálu DPPH. Jednotlivé odrůdy angreštu byly nakonec porovnány podle obsahu stanovovaných chemických parametrů.Diploma thesis deals with determination of individual chemical parameters contained in modern varietes of gooseberries (Grossularia uva-crispa). The theoretical part is focused on the botanical characteristics of the plant, a description of selected varietes, chemical composition and food utilization fruits. The second half of the theoretical part is devoted to the characterization of selected nutritional parameters and methods for determination of total anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant activity. Total of 17 varietes of gooseberries, which come from growers Vondráček and the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. were analyzed in the experimental part. pH differential method was used to determination total monomeric anthocyanins. Total content of polyphenols were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Next was determined content of vitamin C in all varieties by HPLC and was evaluated the total antioxidant aktivity using radical DPPH. In conclusion, individual varieties of gooseberries were compared by the contents of the determined chemical parameters.

Development and comparison of population census results of the Czech Republic and selected countries

The Bachelor's thesis is concerning to comparing of census of the Czech Republic and selected countries in Europe. The thesis contains twelve chapters, which include introduction, theoretical and practical part and conclusion. Theoretical part describes methods and collection of datas of census. It characterizes the history of evolution of census since ancient times till the last one which took place in 2011. Practical part targets to comparing of selected countries, such as Czech Republic, Switzerland, Norway, Romania and Portugal. There is description of last census in this countries and the used methods. Each country was compared according to demographical structure, economical activities, employment, unemployment and according to the three types of education. Prognostic part suggests possible methods and collection of datas for future census

Environmental offenses committed by legal entities

Environmental offences committed by legal entities Abstract This thesis deals with the Czech criminal law protection of the environment and its development in relation to legal entities. The main importance for this thesis is found in Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution effective since the January 1, 2012, which brought new institute of criminal liability of legal entities into the legal system of the Czech Republic. Although, there had been several changes, imperfections still occur in connection with this institute. Furthermore, this thesis concerns on Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code and international and EU regulations related to the environment. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether the criminal liability is a suitable and effective tool to protect the environment. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter provides explanation of concepts essential for the thesis, especially the concept of legal entity in the applicable law and the concept of environment, it also deals with environmental protection and it sources in national, EU and international regulation. The second chapter focuses on adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution and the circumstances before the..

Time management and procrastination

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou prokrastinace a time managementu. Zaměřuje se především na prokrastinaci a time management v akademickém prostředí. Cílem práce je zjistit, zda prokrastinace má vliv na akademické výsledky u vybraného vzorku studentů Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze, zdali existuje vztah mezi time managementem a akademickým výkonem, zda stres ovlivňuje akademické výsledky a zda time management má vliv na prokrastinaci. K těmto zkoumání byla použita Layova škála prokrastinace pro studenty, Student time management scale (STMS) a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Závislosti proměnných byly zjišťovány pomocí regresní analýzy. Výsledky výzkumu prokázaly, že prokrastinace má vliv na akademické výsledky. Studenti, kteří více prokrastinují, dosahují nižších akademických výsledků. Dále bylo prokázáno, že mezi time managementem a akademickými výsledky existuje závislost. Studenti, kteří více využívají techniky time managementu, dosahují vyšších akademických výsledků. Byl potvrzen vliv time management na prokrastinaci. Studenti, kteří více používají techniky time managementu, méně prokrastinují. Nebylo prokázáno, že stres má vliv na akademický výkon. V závěru práce se nachází diskuze, doporučení a limitace.The aim of this diploma thesis are the issues of procrastination and time management. The thesis is focused mainly on procrastination and time management in academic sphere. The goal is to find out whether procrastination has any influence on school results of chosen amount of students from University of economics in Prague, whether there is any relation between time management and academic performance, whether stress influences the school results and if time management has influence on procrastionation. The Lays`s procrastination scale for students population, Student time management scale (STMS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for these researches. The relations between variables were discovered by regression analysis. The results of the research prove that procrastination has influence on academic results. Students who procrastinate more get lower academic achievement. In addition, there was demonstrated in the thesis, that there is a relation between time management and academic performance. Students, who use more the techniques of time management, obtain higher academic results. In the research it was confirmed that there is influence of time management on procrastination. Students, who use more techniques of time management, procrastinate less. There was not found any influence of stress on academic performace. In the conclusion there is a discussion, recommendation and limitation

Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, and B₅

This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function

The Effect of 4-Methylcatechol on Platelets in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Patients Treated with Lipid Apheresis and/or Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 Monoclonal Antibodies

Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis and platelet hyperaggregability, both of which are known culprits of arterial thrombosis. Normalization of LDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is not an easy task and frequently requires specific treatment, such as regularly performed lipid apheresis and/or novel drugs such as proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9Ab). Moreover, a high resistance rate to the first-line antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) stimulated research of novel antiplatelet drugs. 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), a known metabolite of several dietary flavonoids, may be a suitable candidate. The aim of this study was to analyse the antiplatelet effect of 4-MC in FH patients and to compare its impact on two FH treatment modalities via whole-blood impedance aggregometry. When compared to age-matched, generally healthy controls, the antiplatelet effect of 4-MC against collagen-induced aggregation was higher in FH patients. Apheresis itself improved the effect of 4-MC on platelet aggregation and blood from patients treated with this procedure and pretreated with 4-MC had lower platelet aggregability when compared to those solely treated with PCKS9Ab. Although this study had some inherent limitations, e.g., a low number of patients and possible impact of administered drugs, it confirmed the suitability of 4-MC as a promising antiplatelet agent and also demonstrated the effect of 4-MC in patients with a genetic metabolic disease for the first time

Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review

The Antiplatelet Effect of 4-Methylcatechol in a Real Population Sample and Determination of the Mechanism of Action

A polyphenol-rich diet has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. However, dietary polyphenols generally have low bioavailability and reach low plasma concentrations. Small phenolic metabolites of these compounds formed by human microbiota are much more easily absorbable and could be responsible for this effect. One of these metabolites, 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), was suggested to be a potent anti-platelet compound. The effect of 4-MC was tested ex vivo in a group of 53 generally healthy donors using impedance blood aggregometry. The mechanism of action of this compound was also investigated by employing various aggregation inducers/inhibitors and a combination of aggregometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. 4-MC was confirmed to be more potent than acetylsalicylic acid on both arachidonic acid and collagen-triggered platelet aggregation. Its clinically relevant effect was found even at a concentration of 10 μM. Mechanistic studies showed that 4-MC is able to block platelet aggregation caused by the stimulation of different pathways (receptors for the von Willebrand factor and platelet-activating factor, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, protein kinase C, intracellular calcium elevation). The major mechanism was defined as interference with cyclooxygenase-thromboxane synthase coupling. This study confirmed the strong antiplatelet potential of 4-MC in a group of healthy donors and defined its mechanism of action