Political economy and the mirror of ‘otherness’: moral and foreign political models in the works of the Spanish economist T. Anzano (1768-1795)

This article focuses on two aspects of the works of the leading Spanish economist of the second half of eighteenth century Tomás de Anzano which are concerned with the idea of ‘facing otherness’: the opposite interests of merchants and consumers and big landowners and agrarian workers on the one hand; and the impact of some foreign influences in Spanish economic thought on the other. The analysis is contextualized within the realm defined by Anzano’s moralistic approach to subsistence goods markets related to the question of their liberalization which embodied scholastic concepts and was essentially influenced by Jacques Necker’s doctrine. Consequently, it goes beyond economic issues and addresses social, cultural and political questions that are usually neglected by the analysis of the historians of political economy. Among other outcomes the article demonstrates how the British representative political system could be a desirable utopia to Spanish Enlightenment

The impact of building energy codes evolution on the residential thermal demand

The building stock decarbonization by 2050 requires the implementation of an energy transition strategy. Building energy codes must be considered to minimize the energy consumption of the residential sector. This paper aims to evaluate the evolution of the building energy codes of Spain based on energy simulation. A quantitative assessment of the residential thermal demand according to the new energy efficiency requirements introduced in national regulations over the years was performed. Heating, cooling, and domestic hot water demands were assessed for 60 cases modeled in DesignBuilder, combining different building geometric typologies, energy codes, and climate zones. Heating presented the largest contribution to the total energy demand reaching up to 75%. The codes’ evolution led to a significant reduction in heating and a slighter decrease in cooling. The results showed an average energy demand improvement of 50% from the first regulatory release to the latest one

The internationalisation of family SMEs in the Valencian region: the growing role played by Latin America, 1980-2018

SME's and family businesses are central elements in Spain's modern economic growth. However, their process of internationalization has been little explored in recent research, particularly when it has been primarily aimed at emerging economies.  The article aims to understand and explain the internationalisation process of SME's in the Valencian region in Latin America. Through a set of cases of companies from different sectors (Metal, Machinery, Chemical, Ceramics, Textile, Furniture) it is showed that since 1990, the different Latin American countries have been increasing their presence in the preferential markets of most of the 22 companies studied. The growing role of the region in the investments of Valencian SME's shows the diversification and expansion of destination markets, including geographically not only the traditional European or Arab countries but also those of Latin America. Different reasons underlie this internationalisation: but the enterprises analysed based on a case studies approach showed different models of expansion. The common denominator being that of strategies specifically developed and adapted to the destination country's local environment: from an incremental and gradual expansion

Direct oral anticoagulants and its implications in dentistry : a review of literature

Four novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) named dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and apixaban have been recently introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of existing anticoagulants. They have less interactions and do not require routine monitoring. However, there is not enough scientific data about the protocol to apply in these patients on DOACs undergoing dental treatment. Thus is necessary to evaluate the potential bleeding risk of these drugs, the possibility of thromboembolic events occurring if they are withdrawn or the need to change to heparin previously. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between direct oral anticoagulants and dental procedures. The quality of the reported information was assessed following the PRISMA statement. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review: 2 randomized clinical trials, 3 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies, 2 case series and 1 case report. DOACs are safe drugs in terms of bleeding. The possible postoperative bleeding complications are manageable with conventional haemostasis measurements. The bridging approach with heparin does not seem to be recommended. Consensus among the professionals involved in the management of the patient is fundamental in invasive dental treatments and in complex patients

Between the economics, politics and public opinion: The birth of reviews on political economy in Spain (1737-1805)

La Ilustración europea fue el germen de una opinión pública con relevancia política. En dicho proceso participaron los textos de la naciente ciencia económica. Dichos textos, que se presentaron con formas muy diversas y novedosas, además de servir a la circulación internacional de las ideas económicas actuaron como vehículo de propaganda sociopolítica. Tal es el caso, hasta la fecha no estudiado, de las reseñas de obras económicas. Estas aparecieron como un género nuevo en las igualmente novedosas revistas, ya fueran generalistas, culturales o propiamente económicas. El presente estudio revisa el conjunto de reseñas económicas publicadas en la prensa española del largo siglo xviii. No es casual que las principales revistas de ese periodo incluyeran dichas reseñas, en consonancia con la importancia que fue adquiriendo la economía política como ciencia de análisis y reforma de la sociedad. A partir de dicha información, e incluyendo a sus protagonistas principales, esta investigación plantea una interpretación general del fenómeno, vinculándolo a la reforma económica y política característica de la Ilustración tardía. Dicha reforma constituirá el caldo de cultivo del cambio del Antiguo Régimen al Estado liberal.The European Enlightenment was the origin of the political influence of public opinion. The writings of the fledging economic science were part of this movement. These works took different and modern formats and served as vehicles for the international circulation of economic ideas and socio-political propaganda. So far, this is the case of the still unexplored reviews on political economy, a new genre in the novel journals, whether generalist, cultural or strictly economic. This article analyses the overall reviews on political economy published in the Spanish printing press during the long 18th century. It is no wonder that the leading journals of that period included such reviews following the growing relevance that Political Economy gradually acquired as a science of analysis and reform. The research of these new sources suggests a general interpretation of this phenomenon, linking it to the economic and political reform characteristic of the late Enlightenment. This reform indeed will be the breeding ground for the transition to the liberal state.Este trabajo se integra en el Proyecto HAR2016-77344-R

A Sustainable Polygeneration System for a Residential Building

In line with the decarbonization of the domestic sector to meet the 2050 climate neutrality targets, this paper describes the energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a set of different novel configurations of polygeneration installations to provide electricity, air conditioning, domestic hot water, and desalinated water for a building of 80 dwellings. All arrangements were designed to cover 100% of the five demands required in the building with renewable energy only, from photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels and biomass backup boilers (BB). Electricity can be sold to or purchased from the grid without electrical storage with batteries. Additional electricity generation with thermoelectric generators (TEG) coupled to the PVTs, and the BB was explicitly analyzed. The choice of electrically or thermally activated technologies (heat pump, HP/single-effect absorption chiller, SEAC for cooling and multi-effect distillation, MED/reverse osmosis, RO for desalination) created four configurations from the basic structure based on solar and biomass sources. Thus, the paper has studied four designs in detail and applied them to three case studies corresponding to different locations in Spain. They were modeled with TRNSYS and included specific models for desalination technologies. Both structures provide important energy and CO2 savings concerning the conventional supply of the building demands. The novel life-cycle analysis approach further increases the lifetime CO2 savings for all configurations as well. The electric option (the combination of HP and RO for cooling and desalting) was, by far, the most attractive solution in terms of liability and lower investment required in the three case studies

VSC topology comparison for STATCOM application under unbalanced conditions

This paper compares the performance of four different power electronic converter topologies, which have been proposed for STATCOM applications. Two of the topologies are Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converters (MMCC), whilst the remaining circuits utilize magnetic elements and an open-winding transformer configuration to combine individual power modules. It is assumed that the STATCOM has to work under unbalanced conditions, so that it delivers both positive and negative sequence currents. Simulation studies for the four topologies have been carried out using the simulation tool Saber

La obra periodística de José Joaquín de Mora y el liberalismo económico en el sexenio absolutista y el Trienio Liberal

El literato y periodista José Joaquín de Mora fue uno de los grandes divulgadores en castellano de la economía política en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Aunque diversas facetas de su labor resultan ya conocidas, este no es el caso de su obra periodística sobre economía política publicada durante el sexenio absolutista (1814-1820) y el Trienio Liberal (1820-823). En este trabajo se realiza una reconstrucción íntegra de esa labor a lo largo de ese período, cuando Mora pasó de subsistir en los intersticios del absolutismo fernandino, sin ser parte de él, a participar en el liberalismo radical del Trienio. Su interés por la economía política, que se hizo expreso en la mayoría de las iniciativas periodísticas en las que estuvo implicado, pone de relieve que fue firme seguidor de los principios de la economía clásica —el librecambio incluido—, resaltando su deuda intelectual con dos grandes nombres: Say y Bentham. The writer and journalist José Joaquín de Mora proved to be one of the great popularisers of political economy in the Spanish language during the first half of the 19th century. Although several of his contributions are already well known, this is not the case with his work on political economy published during the absolutist six-year period (1814-1820) and the Liberal Triennium (1820-823). This article makes a complete historical reconstruction of Mora’s journalistic work on economic issues during this turbulent period when he moved from the interstices of Ferdinand's absolutism, not being part of it, to the radical liberalism of the Triennium. His interest in political economy, which was apparent in most of the editorial undertakings in which he was involved, shows that he was a staunch advocate of the principles of Classical economics —free trade included—. In this vein, it is indebtedness to two acclaimed figures: Say and Bentham