Linear multipliers applied to a social accounting matrix for Extremadura

The topics related to the income distribution are specially interesting when we try to measure the social and economic impacts of a economic policy given decission. When a strategy of balanced development is tried to imply in a given country or region, inequality, poverty, unemployment, etc, not only economic growth, are important topics. The study is going to be focused in Extremadura, one of the less developped regions in Spain. We'll use a Social Accounting Matrix made by the authors, and it shall let us to show the circular flow of income and the relationships between the accounts included in tha SAM. An exercise of linear multipliers on the matrix shall be presented to get outcomes about the effects of several exogenous shocks on the endogenous accounts that we'll want to choose. We'll compute different types of multipliers: production, income, employment, etc., and we'll try to show different ways to get a balanced endogenous development for Extremadura, and which decissions are better to get it.

Competition in the allocation of public spending: a new model to analyse the interaction between expenditure categories

Starting from the median voter model commonly used in the literature to analyse the determinants of the functional distribution of public spending, we propose a new multiproduct dynamic model that also allows one to classify the nature of the interaction –complementarity or substitutability– between the different categories of government expenditure. As empirical application, we examine the pattern of public spending in Spain from 1990 to 1997. The results show that the basic determinants of the different items of expenditure are per capita income, population, the size of the public sector, and the presence of budget deficits, and that there are significant interdependencies between some components of the public expenditure.

Ferroelectric properties of Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 ceramics

Different processing conditions and the effect of secondary phases on ferroelectric properties of Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) are studied. Ceramic powders are prepared by solid state reaction and different sintering temperatures (temperatures between 1075 and 1150ºC) are analyzed. Finally, samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman microspectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and density measurements. Through XRD patterns, the perovskite structure is stabilized; together with small peaks corresponding to a secondary phase associated with K2-xNaxTi6O13 phase. Moreover, the content of the secondary phase, d33 piezoelectric constant and dielectric properties increase with sintering temperature.Fil: Camargo, Javier Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Ramajo, Leandro Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Rubio Marcos, Fernando. Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio de Madrid; EspañaFil: Castro, Miriam Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

Design of an index to measure rural development. Assessment of different methodological approaches

Rural development, being a multidimensional process, must be measured by a series of indicators representing its different dimensions. Since the implementation of a policy does not affect only the targeted activity, but also contributes to the modification of the entire human environment, it cannot be monitored simply by verifying the fulfillment of its objectives. For this reason, analysts and policymakers turn to composite indicators, which are better adapted to capture the multidimensional nature of development. Given the scarcity of specific indexes to measure rural development and the shortcomings of the existing ones ( for example, lack of justification of the indicators included and their importance), it was decided to develop a new index based on a participatory process in which the stakeholders choose the most relevant indicators to be considered. Subsequently, various methodological approaches have been used, such as that of Abreu et al. (2019), that of Kynčlová et al. (2020) or the one of Michalek and Zarnekow (2012). The indices thus developed will be applied to different regions of Portugal, testing their robustness by means of a Delphi panel of experts in rural development

RNAiFold2T: Constraint Programming design of thermo-IRES switches

Motivation: RNA thermometers (RNATs) are cis-regulatory ele- ments that change secondary structure upon temperature shift. Often involved in the regulation of heat shock, cold shock and virulence genes, RNATs constitute an interesting potential resource in synthetic biology, where engineered RNATs could prove to be useful tools in biosensors and conditional gene regulation. Results: Solving the 2-temperature inverse folding problem is critical for RNAT engineering. Here we introduce RNAiFold2T, the first Constraint Programming (CP) and Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) algorithms to solve this problem. Benchmarking tests of RNAiFold2T against existent programs (adaptive walk and genetic algorithm) inverse folding show that our software generates two orders of magnitude more solutions, thus allow- ing ample exploration of the space of solutions. Subsequently, solutions can be prioritized by computing various measures, including probability of target structure in the ensemble, melting temperature, etc. Using this strategy, we rationally designed two thermosensor internal ribosome entry site (thermo-IRES) elements, whose normalized cap-independent transla- tion efficiency is approximately 50% greater at 42?C than 30?C, when tested in reticulocyte lysates. Translation efficiency is lower than that of the wild-type IRES element, which on the other hand is fully resistant to temperature shift-up. This appears to be the first purely computational design of functional RNA thermoswitches, and certainly the first purely computational design of functional thermo-IRES elements. Availability: RNAiFold2T is publicly available as as part of the new re- lease RNAiFold3.0 at https://github.com/clotelab/RNAiFold and http: //bioinformatics.bc.edu/clotelab/RNAiFold, which latter has a web server as well. The software is written in C++ and uses OR-Tools CP search engine.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB 2016), to appear in journal Bioinformatics 201

Study of processing conditions of Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3

En este trabajo se estudian las condiciones de procesamiento de sistemas Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) que permitan obtener materiales cerámicos con buenas propiedades ferroeléctricas. Los reactivos de partida fueron activados mecanoquímicamente y mediante análisis térmico diferencial y termogravimetría (ATD-ATG) se determinaron las temperaturas de descomposición, mientras que por difracción de Rayos X (DRX) se identificaron las diferentes fases cristalinas. El efecto de la temperatura de sinterización en el sistema BNKT fue caracterizado mediante microespectroscopía Raman y espectroscopía de impedancia. Se determinó que las muestras sinterizadas a 1100 ºC no presentan fases secundarias, y proporcionan los mayores valores de densidad, y las menores pérdidas dieléctricas. En estas muestras mediante DRX no se registró la presencia de fases secundarias.In this paper, the improvement of the ferroelectric properties of Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 ceramics through the implementation of different processing conditions is studied. Ceramic powders were obtained by solid state reaction, after mechanochemical activation of the starting reagents. Thermal evolution of starting powders was analyzed by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (DTA-TGA). Crystalline phases of powders, thermally treated at temperatures ranging between 550 and 800 ºC, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of the sintering temperature on the BNKT-system was characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that samples sintered at 1100 ºC showed the highest density and the lowest dielectric loss values. Moreover, in these samples, secondary phases were not detected by XRD.Fil: Camargo, Javier Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación En Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Ramajo, Leandro Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación En Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Rubio-marcos, Fernando. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio; EspañaFil: Castro, Miriam Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación En Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

February/March 2015 Ebro river floods. What have we learned and to what end?

Durante los meses de febrero/marzo de 2015 una crecida afectó a varios sectores del sector central del cauce del Ebro. La evaluación científica de los datos es evidente: las llanuras de inundación se inundan, la periodicidad de las crecidas como la de 2015 es alta y crecidas similares generan ahora ascensos de la lámina de agua mayores en los cascos urbanos que hace unos años. Sin embargo, la percepción ciudadana, al menos en cuanto al clima que se desarrolló durante las crecidas en el entorno de la ribera del Ebro fue muy distinta, ya que la responsabilidad se achacó a la ausencia de planes de limpieza integral, encauzamiento del cauce o escasa altura de motas. Estos aspectos entran en contradicción con los conocimientos técnicos y científicos de las consecuencias que la modificación del cauce puede desencadenar. En este sentido, el oportunismo mediático y la falta de reacción de la comunidad científica, produce que algo habitual, recurrente y comprensible en una llanura de inundación sea percibido por la población como un fenómeno imprevisible. En este trabajo queremos evaluar algunos aspectos terminológicos y de conocimiento sobre la previsión de dichos eventos que seguirán afectando en su misma dinámica natural a la zona analizadaDuring February/March 2015 an important flood affected several sectors in the central zone of the Ebro middle course. Scientific evaluation was clear, the flood plains are often flooded, the periodicity of events such as the one in 2015 is high and similar discharges produce higher water levels in urban domains. However, the citizen perception, at least for the last floods, was different, and the origin of floods in the affected areas was related to the absence of gravel dredging in the riverbed or insufficient levee height along the river banks. These solutions, however, do not agree with the scientific knowledge of the consequences that river course modifications can produce. In this sense, the irresponsibility and opportunism of media and the absence of reaction from the scientific community produce that something usual, recurrent and expected in a flood plain is interpreted by the population as an unpredictable phenomenon. In this work, we evaluate some terminological aspects and the state of art about flooding in a sector of the Ebro middle course where it is expected that the natural river dynamics will lead to similar processes in the near futur

THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER BATHONIAN TO MIDDLE OXFORDIAN SUCESSION OF THE ARAGONESE BRANCH OF THE CORDILLERA IBÉRICA (SPAIN) AND ITS EUROPEAN CONTEXT

The Upper Bathonian-Middle Oxfordian succession of the Aragonese branch of the Cordillera Ibérica is one of the most completely developed in Europe and includes localities of international importance for Jurassic bio- and chronostratigraphy. Of particular importance are a potential stratotype for the Upper Bathonian of North West Europe and reference sections for a number of Submediterranean Province Middle Oxfordian biostratigraphic units. The intervening Callovian sequence, albeit locally strongly condensed, also includes faunas of key stratigraphical importance. The sequence of stratigraphically important ammonite faunas for this interval is here reviewed and placed in its European context

Magnetoelectric interactions in bismuth sodium-potassium titanate-nickel cobalt ferrite lead-free composite ceramics

Bismuth sodium-potassium titanate (BNKT) and nickel-cobalt ferrite (NCF) ceramic composite materials (xBNKT-(100-x)NCF), with different ferrite proportions, were studied. Piezoelectric and ferrite powders were separately synthesized by the solid-state method. Structural analyses were carried out by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra studies of the composites whereas microstructural studies were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and the element distribution was studied by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. Dielectric permittivity and loss values were sensitive to temperature and composition variations. Magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of the xBNKT-(100-x)NCF composites have been investigated. Ions diffusion and chemical reaction between BNKT and ferrite phases cause microstructural and structural variations that are responsible for moving away from the saturation magnetization from those calculated. Moreover, microstructural evolution controls the magnetoelectric properties of these lead-free composites.Fil: Camargo, Javier Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Prado Espinosa, Fabiola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Zabotto, F.. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Ramajo, Leandro Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Miriam Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

Lead free piezoelectric ceramics based on Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 y K0.5Na0.5NbO3 systems

Los materiales cerámicos basados en circonato-titanato de plomo, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT), son muy conocidos por sus excelentes propiedades piezoeléctricas. Si bien, estos materiales se producen generalmente a partir de la técnica de mezcla de óxidos, la cual es relativamente simple y económica, en su formulación se emplea un alto contenido de óxido de plomo (aprox. 70%). Dado que el plomo y sus compuestos son considerados tóxicos y peligrosos, no sólo por la polución directa que genera el proceso de manufactura y maquinado de los compuestos, sino también porque los productos que contienen PZT no pueden ser reciclados, recientemente se han comenzado a investigar diferentes composiciones piezoeléctricas para su reemplazo. En este trabajo, se analizan algunos desarrollos propios en el campo de los materiales piezoeléctricos libres de plomo donde se enfatiza la correlación existente entre las propiedades finales, la microestructura desarrollada y la estructura estabilizada.Ceramics based on lead zirconium titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) are well known for their excellent piezoelectric properties. These materials are generally produced by solid reaction technique, which is relatively simple and economical; however their production needs high lead oxide content (approx. 70%). Lead and its compounds are considered toxic and dangerous, due to direct pollution generated by the manufacturing process and machining of the compounds, and the inability to recycle products containing PZT. Therefore, other piezoelectric compositions based on lead free materials have begun investigated. In this paper, some developments in the field of lead-free piezoelectric materials, correlating the structure and microstructure with the properties materials properties are analyzed.Fil: Castro, Miriam Susana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); ArgentinaFil: Camargo, Javier Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); ArgentinaFil: Taub, Jonathan. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, J. F.. Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio de Madrid; EspañaFil: Rubio-Marcos, F.. Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio de Madrid; EspañaFil: Ramajo, Leandro Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin