Advances in neutronics and radiological protection of HiPER 4a

The HiPER project, phase 4a, is evolving. In this study we present the progress made in the field of neutronics and radiological protection for an integrated design of the facility. In the current model, we take into account the optical systems inside the target bay, as well as the remote handling requirements and related infrastructure, together with different shields. The last reference irradiation scenario, consisting of 20 MJ of neutron yields, 5 yields per burst, one burst every week and 30 years of expected lifetime is considered for this study. We have performed a characterization of the dose rates behavior in the facility, both during operation and between bursts. The dose rates are computed for workers, regarding to maintenance and handling, and also for optical systems, regarding to damage. Furthermore, we have performed a waste management assessment of all the components inside the target bay. Results indicate that remote maintenance is mandatory in some areas. The small beam penetrations in the shields are responsible for some high doses in some specific locations. With regards to optics, the residual doses are as high as prompt doses. It is found that the whole target bay may be fully managed as a waste in 30 years by recycling and/or clearance, with no need for burial

Evaluación del riesgo sísmico y propuesta de reforzamiento estructural en viviendas autoconstruidas de albañilería confinada en el AA. HH. Villa Mercedes del distrito de Chaclacayo, Lima–2019

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo de determinar el riesgo sísmico de las viviendas autoconstruidas del AA. HH. Villa Mercedes, realizando el análisis estructural, por ello se llega a realizar cálculos para hallar los parámetros del riesgo sísmico que son la vulnerabilidad sísmica y el peligro sísmico, y para determinar la vulnerabilidad sísmica será con los indicadores como: la densidad de muros, estado actual de la vivienda y estabilidad de muros; y para el peligro sísmico se determinará hallando los indicadores como: la sismicidad, el tipo de suelo y la topografía de la vivienda. Luego se realiza el modelamiento de las viviendas con el software Etabs 2016 para determinar las irregularidades en altura y en planta de las viviendas y también determinar los desplazamientos máximos permitidos según RNE, para posteriormente proponer el reforzamiento en las viviendas que se encuentran que tienen un nivel medio y alto de riesgo sísmico. Esta investigación nace por la preocupación de los pobladores y necesidad de salvar sus vidas, ya que son conscientes que fueron construidos sus viviendas sin asesoramiento técnico, y una mano de obra calificada, también por no contar con las posibilidades económicas para poder contratar a un profesional o técnico capacitado. En la primera parte se realiza las fichas de recolección de datos y los croquis de cada vivienda y tener toda la información necesaria para poder proponer el reforzamiento estructural. Luego en gabinete se realiza el diseño de los planos y los cálculos. Se obtiene gráficos en Excel mostrando valores de La vulnerabilidad sísmica de un 40% de nivel medio y el peligro sísmico de 60% de nivel media y con estos resultados indicándonos el riesgo sísmico de un 60% de nivel medio y un 40% de nivel alta. Esto se debe porque los resultados de los cálculos muestran una densidad adecuada del 50% de las viviendas

Asociación del antígeno carcinoembrionario preoperatorio con el compromiso ganglionar en pacientes con cirugía de intención curativa de:cáncer de colon en pacientes: del Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren - Essalud, 2017- 2021

El cáncer colon (CC) es una neoplasia maligna diagnosticada con gran frecuencia, y se ven afectados casi una persona de cada 20 la mayoría de estos casos se encuentran en los países del occidente. Según las estimaciones estadísticas informan que los casos nuevos y las muertes causadas por neoplasias malignas, las neoplasias malignas de colon y recto se ubican en el tercer puesto según el orden de frecuencia, con un porcentaje similar en ambos sexos es decir sin significancia estadística tanto para hombres como mujeres

Design and analysis of helium Brayton power cycles for HiPER reactor

Helium Brayton cycles have been studied as power cycles for both fission and fusion reactors obtaining high thermal efficiency. This paper studies several technological schemes of helium Brayton cycles applied for the HiPER reactor proposal. Since HiPER integrates technologies available at short term, its working conditions results in a very low maximum temperature of the energy sources, something that limits the thermal performance of the cycle. The aim of this work is to analyze the potential of the helium Brayton cycles as power cycles for HiPER. Several helium Brayton cycle configurations have been investigated with the purpose of raising the cycle thermal efficiency under the working conditions of HiPER. The effects of inter-cooling and reheating have specifically been studied. Sensitivity analyses of the key cycle parameters and component performances on the maximum thermal efficiency have also been carried out. The addition of several inter-cooling stages in a helium Brayton cycle has allowed obtaining a maximum thermal efficiency of over 36%, and the inclusion of a reheating process may also yield an added increase of nearly 1 percentage point to reach 37%. These results confirm that helium Brayton cycles are to be considered among the power cycle candidates for HiPER

Waste Management Assessment of Candidate Materials for HiPER Reaction Chamber

One of the critical decisions in the HiPER project is to select the most appropriate material for the reaction chamber. Within this framework, we investigate the performance of different steel alloys with respect to waste management. The capabilities of commercial steels, both austenitic and ferritic/martensitic, compared to reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels are evaluated as for different waste management strategies (near surface burial, clearance, hands-on and remote recycling). The examined materials are: SS304, SS316, mod.9Cr-1Mo and HT9 and EUROFER. Real impurities concentrations are taken into account, and their impact is analyzed. In the study, we have assumed the most exigent HiPER 4a irradiation scenario. Commercial steels revealed to be a suitable choice for the HiPER reaction chamber, as far as their waste management options do not differ significantly from those of the reduced activation ferritic steel case. We found that for mod.9Cr-1Mo and EUROFER hands-on recycling is already possible after a cooling time shorter than 50 years and that shallow-land burial is practicable for all the steel alloys studied. The impurities present in the real heats affects the cooling time for manual recycling but not significantly. Shallow-land burial feasibility is not perturbed by the presence of impurities in the real commercial heats. Moreover, the impact of activation cross section uncertainties on the waste management assessment of the irradiated steels has been analyzed, and it is found to be of no practical significance to determine eligibility of the considered steels for the HIPER 4a reaction chamber

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Background: Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. Methodology and findings: We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromonebased infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. Conclusions: The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayedaction fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Fil: Forlani, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Pedrini, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Girotti, Juan Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Mijailovsky, Sergio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Rubén Marino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, Alberto G.. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Suárez, Carlos. Universidad de Colima. Facultad de Ciencias; MéxicoFil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Marta Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; Argentin

Dose rates evaluation of HiPER facility

During the operation of the HiPER first engineering facility, up to 1.2 × 105 MJ/yr of fusion neutrons yields are foreseen. This irradiation level could be distributed in 100 MJ detonations, accounting up to 100 detonations in a single burst, with 10 Hz repetition rate. A burst would take place every month. The dose rates are computed and different concrete shields are evaluated within the target bay. During the operation of the facility the entrance is forbidden inside the bioshield. Between bursts, manual maintenance might be performed inside the bioshield but outside the final optics assembly (FOA) shield. Inside the FOA shield the residual dose rates are so high that only remote maintenance is allowed. The FOA shield reduces the delivered dose rate to optics in a factor of 30.3

Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of positioning on the correctness of decision making of top-class referees and assistant referees during international games. Match analyses were carried out during the Fe´de´ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup 2009 and 380 foul play incidents and 165 offside situations were examined. The error percentage for the referees when indicating the incidents averaged 14%. The lowest error percentage occurred in the central area of the field, where the collaboration of the assistant referee is limited, and was achieved when indicating the incidents from a distance of 11–15 m, whereas this percentage peaked (23%) in the last 15-min match period. The error rate for the assistant referees was 13%. Distance of the assistant referee to the offside line did not have an impact on the quality of the offside decision. The risk of making incorrect decisions was reduced when the assistant referees viewed the offside situations from an angle between 46 and 608. Incorrect offside decisions occurred twice as often in the second as in the first half of the games. Perceptual-cognitive training sessions specific to the requirements of the game should be implemented in the weekly schedule of football officials to reduce the overall error rate