146 research outputs found
La cooperación internacional para el desarrollo en la prensa de Castilla y León
Producción CientíficaEste artículo presenta los hallazgos de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo sobre la presencia de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo en doce periódicos que se
distribuyen diariamente en Castilla y León. Entre enero y agosto de 2010 se publicaron 910 piezas periodísticas tratando esta cuestión, un volumen escaso en líneas generales y con una presencia irregular en todas las cabeceras. Estos contenidos, además, carecen de
profundidad analítica, no incorporan el enfoque crítico necesario para comprender las complejas relaciones sobre las que se construye la cooperación entre países y, finalmente, priorizan los intereses locales sobre los aspectos de alcance global
Impact of rotavirus vaccination on seizure hospitalizations in children: A systematic review
Background: Previous studies found conflicting results about the effect of rotavirus (RV) vaccination on
seizure hospitalizations in children younger than 5 years old.
Objectives: To evaluate the evidence of the impact of RV vaccination on the prevention of seizure hospitalizations in children.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the electronic database MEDLINE of all observational
studies in children younger than 5 years old published since 2006. Two reviewers performed title/abstract, full-text review, and data extraction.
Results: Thirteen studies met eligibility criteria. Nine studies reported a significant reduction in seizure
hospitalizations upon RV vaccine introduction, three studies reported an absence of significant impact,
and one study reported a significant rise in seizure hospitalization after the introduction of RV vaccines.
Limitations: The great variability between study designs, case definitions and potential biases prevent
quantifying the impact of RV vaccination against seizure hospitalizations.
Conclusions: RV vaccination might prevent seizure hospitalizations in children; however, robust, and
well-designed studies are needed to better determine the strength of this associationMedicin
Hospitalizations related to respiratory viral infections during the 2017/18 season in the Valencia Region of Spain
Objectives
To describe the impact and severity of hospitalizations related to respiratory viral infections using data from weeks 2017-37 to 2018-19 in the Valencia Region of Spain.
Methods
All consenting admitted patients were included in the study if they were non-institutionalized, residents in any of the participating hospitals' catchment areas, not discharged from a previous hospital admission within 30 days, had an influenza-like illness (ILI, only for patients ≥5 years old) and were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset of symptoms. Demographic and clinical information was collected by interviewing and/or from clinical records. Swabs were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus/enterovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus and bocavirus. Hospitalization incidence rates were calculated by virus and age. Severity was explored through Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, death in hospital, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the length of hospitalization.
Results
The hospitalization incidence rates related to respiratory viral infections were 1062.89, 31.38, 36.12 and 434.64 per 100,000 in patients <5, 5 to <18, 18 to <65 and ≥65 years old (y.o.), respectively. The incidence rates were especially high in children <1 y.o. and in adults ≥85 y.o.: 3311.94 and 1044.77 per 100,000, respectively. The highest rates were detected for influenza, rhinovirus/enterovirus and RSV: 63.11, 40.20 and 25.81 per 100,000, respectively. Among infected patients, 2% were admitted to the ICU, 4% needed mechanical ventilation and 4% died in hospital. No differences in severity were detected among viruses. The median length of hospitalization among infected patients was 5 days (Interquartile Range, IQR: 3-8 days).
Conclusions
Respiratory viral infections affected mainly young children and elderly people. Influenza, rhinovirus/enterovirus and RSV were the most commonly detected infections. No differences in severity were detected between the assessed viruses.Medicin
Herpes zoster risk and burden of disease in immunocompromised populations: a population-based study using health system integrated databases, 2009–2014
Background: Estimate the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ), its complications and healthcare utilization rates in
adults (≥ 18-years-old) with a wide range of immunocompromised (IC) conditions compared to IC-free cohort.
Method: A population-based retrospective study using the Valencia healthcare Integrated Databases (VID) (2009–
2014). HZ and IC were defined using ICD-9 codes in primary care (PC) and hospitalization registers. Incidence rates
(IR), risk of HZ, HZ-recurrence, HZ-complications and healthcare utilization rates were estimated in the IC-cohort
compared to IC-free.
Results: The study population consisted of 4,382,590 subjects, of which 578,873 were IC (13%). IR (in 1000
persons-year) of HZ overall, in IC and in IC-free cohort was 5.02, 9.15 and 4.65, respectively. IR of HZ
increased with age in both cohorts and it was higher for all IC conditions studied, reaching up to twelvefold
in subjects with stem cell transplantation. IC subjects had 51% higher risk of developing HZ, 25% higher HZrecurrence and the risk of HZ-complications was 2.37 times higher than in IC-free. HZ-related healthcare
utilization was higher in the IC-cohort than in IC-free (number of hospitalizations 2.93 times greater, hospital
stays 12% longer, 66% more HZ-specialist visits, 2% more PC visits, sick leaves 18% longer and 20% higher
antiviral dispensation).
Conclusions: Patients suffering from all the IC conditions studied are at higher risk of developing HZ, HZrecurrence and post-herpetic complications, which implies a substantial morbidity and a high consumption of
resources. These results should be considered for vaccine policy implementation.Funding for this study was provided by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (GSK study identifier 207685). GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA was provided the opportunity to review a preliminary version of this manuscript for factual accuracy but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation. The Company (GSK) had no role in the analysis or discussion of the results.Medicin
Epidemiology of schizophrenia and its management over 8-years period using real-world data in Spain
Background: Real-World Data (RWD) studies provide important insights in disease epidemiology, in real clinical
populations, with long follow-up periods. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of
schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SD) during an 8-year period in Spain.
Methods: A retrospective cohort of subjects aged 15 to 64 years was followed-up using electronic healthcare
databases of the Valencia region (2008–2015). SD cases included outpatient and inpatient settings (ICD 9 codes
295.XX). Prevalence of SD was assessed. Incidence rate (IR) in the subpopulation aged between 15 and 34 years was
also provided. Healthcare utilization (HCU) rates, including outpatient, specialists, hospitalizations and antipsychotic
dispensations were estimated.
Results: The cohort included 3,976,071 subjects; 24,749 of them had a prevalent diagnosis of SD. The overall prevalence
for SD was 6.2 per 1000 persons. SD were 76% more prevalent in men than women. IR in the subpopulation aged
between 15 and 34 years was 50.25 per 100,000 persons years and was more than 2 times higher for men than for
women. 83.4% of the overall outpatient visits from the cohort of patients were related to SD. The 21,095 overall
hospitalizations with the SD code resulted in 286,139 days of hospitalization, with a median of 4 days (IQR: 1.6–9.2) per
person-year. 93.2% of subjects diagnosed with SD were ever treated with some antipsychotic drug during the study
period, and 70% of the patients were ever treated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.
Conclusions: This large population-based study using RWD provides novel and recent information SD in a southern
European country. The prevalence and IR of SD showed is greater than previously published and higher in men than in
women. The fact of having used a large arsenal of electronic data (including outpatient and inpatient) for 8 years may
have influenced. SD represents high burden and healthcare utilization. Contrary to guidelines recommendations the
majority of patients were ever treated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.This study was supported by Janssen pharmaceutical. The company had no role in the analysis or discussion of the resultMedicin
Human papillomavirus vaccines effectiveness to prevent genital warts: A population-based study using health system integrated databases, 2009-2017.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the HPV vaccines in preventing genital warts (GW) in women
aged 14–23 years and to estimate the incidence of GW in the whole population aged from 14 to 65.
Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the Valencia health system Integrated Databases (VID).
Study population: All subjects aged 14–65 years residing in the Valencia Region during 2009–2017
(n = 4,492,724), including a cohort of 563,240 females aged 14–23 years followed-up for the vaccine
effectiveness (VE) estimations.
Main outcome measures: Incident cases of GW defined as the first activation of GW-related codes (ICD-9-
CM 078.11 or ICD-10-CM A63.0) in hospital, primary and specialized care during the study period.
Adjusted VE was estimated as (1-Relative Risk (RR)) 100 by a negative binomial Bayesian model.
Results: There were 23,049 cases of GW in the overall population and 2,565 in the females’ cohort 14–
23 years old. The incidence rate (IR) (in 100,000 persons-year) was 69.1 (95% CI 68.21–69.99) in the population overall, being higher in men (72.73; 95% CI 71.45–74.04). The IR of GW was 104.08 (95% CI
100.79–108.94) in the cohort of young women. The RR of GW increased with age from 14 to 21 years,
reaching a plateau from 21 to 23. The VE of a complete schedule was 74% (95% CrI 68–79) for quadrivalent HPV vaccine (HPV4v). No effectiveness was seen with a full vaccination course with the bivalent HPV
vaccine (HPV2v) in girls up to 21 years old. GW IR tends to be higher in unvaccinated cohorts covered by
HPV4v vaccine than in unvaccinated cohorts not covered by HPV4v vaccine.
Conclusions: A complete HPV4v vaccination schedule was 74% effective in reducing GW in our population. Our results also suggest an indirect protection to unvaccinated and HPV2v vaccinated girlsThis study has been funded by MSD. MSD had no role in the design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data and writing of the article, and had no access to the data. MSD did not intervene in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Medicin
Supplementary Material. Quality of Life Impact of an Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older
Supplementary Material
Quality of Life Impact of an Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 Years and OlderMedicin
Knowledge and attitudes of Spanish adolescent girls towards human papillomavirus infection: where to intervene to improve vaccination coverage
Background: HPV vaccine coverage is far from ideal in Valencia, Spain, and this could be partially related to the low knowledge about the disease and the vaccine, therefore we assessed these, as well as the attitude towards vaccination in adolescent girls, and tried to identify independently associated factors that could potentially be modified by an intervention in order to increase vaccine coverage. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a random selection of schools of the Spanish region of Valencia. We asked mothers of 1278 girls, who should have been vaccinated in the 2011 campaign, for informed consent. Those that accepted their daughters’ participation, a questionnaire regarding the Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine was passed to the girls in the school. Results: 833 mothers (65.1%) accepted participation. All their daughters’ responded the questionnaire. Of those, 89.9% had heard about HPV and they associated it to cervical cancer. Only 14% related it to other problems like genital warts. The knowledge score of the girls who had heard about HPV was 6.1/10. Knowledge was unrelated to the number of contacts with the health system (Pediatrician or nurse), and positively correlated with the discussions with classmates about the vaccine. Adolescents Spanish in origin or with an older sister vaccinated, had higher punctuation. 67% of the girls thought that the vaccine prevented cancer, and 22.6% felt that although prevented cancer the vaccine had important safety problems. 6.4% of the girls rejected the vaccine for safety problems or for not considering themselves at risk of infection. 71.5% of the girls had received at least one vaccine dose. Vaccinated girls scored higher knowledge (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine was fair in adolescents of Valencia, and is independent to the number of contacts with the health system, it is however correlated to the conversations about the vaccine with their peers and the vaccination status. An action to improve HPV knowledge through health providers might increase vaccine coverage in the adolescents.This study was sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur – MSD
La cooperación internacional para el desarrollo de la prensa en Castilla y León
p. 59-69Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de un análisis de
contenido cuantitativo sobre la presencia de la cooperación
internacional para el desarrollo en doce periódicos que se
distribuyen diariamente en Castilla y León. Entre enero y
agosto de 2010 se publicaron 910 piezas periodísticas
tratando esta cuestión, un volumen escaso en líneas
generales y con una presencia irregular en todas las
cabeceras. Estos contenidos, además, carecen de
profundidad analítica, no incorporan el enfoque crítico
necesario para comprender las complejas relaciones sobre
las que se construye la cooperación entre países y,
finalmente, priorizan los intereses locales sobre los aspectos
de alcance globalS
The impact of childhood RSV infection on children’s and parents’ quality of life: a prospective multicenter study in Spain
Background: Several immunisation candidates against RSV are in late-stage clinical trials. To evaluate the benefts
of a potential vaccination programme, both economic and health benefts will be needed. Health benefts are usually
measured in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) loss using standardised questionnaires. However, there are no
RSV-specifc questionnaires validated for children under 2 years, in whom most RSV episodes occur. Therefore, HRQoL
estimates are taken from literature or inadequate tools. We determined HRQoL loss and direct costs due to an RSV
episode in children younger than 2 years and their caregivers during a month of follow up, using a new questionnaire
administered online.
Methods: An observational prospective multicentre surveillance study was conducted in children aged younger
than two years. Children were recruited from 8 primary care centres and 1 hospital in the Valencia region and Cata‑
lonia (Spain). RSV-positive cases were obtained by immunochromatographic test. HRQoL was assessed using a new
ad-hoc 38 item-questionnaire developed. Parents of infected children completed 4 questionnaires at four timepoints
(day 0, 7, 14 and 30) after diagnosis.
Results: 117 children were enrolled in the study and 86 (73.5%) were RSV+. Median (interquartile range; IQR)
scores were 0.52 (0.42–0.68), 0.65 (0.49–0.79), 0.82 (0.68–0.97) and 0.94 (0.81–1), for days 0, 7, 14 and 30, respectively.
Compared to total recovery (Q30), HRQoL loss was 37.5%, 31.5% and 8.9% on days 0, 7 and 14 since diagnosis of the
disease. The total median cost per patient (including treatments) was €598.8 (IQR: 359.63–2425.85).
Conclusions: RSV had almost 40% impact on HRQoL during the frst week since onset of symptoms and the median
cost per episode and patient was about €600. These results represent a substantial input for health-economic evalua‑
tions of future RSV-related interventions such as vaccination.This study was funded by Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Esport of The Valencia Region of Spain.Medicin
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