The Effect of Temperature and Time of the Hydrothermal Treatment in the SBA-15 Synthesis Process on the Structure and Textural Properties and the Ability to Reduce the Evolution of Tars in Tobacco Smoking

Different SBA-15 (SBA, Santa Barbara Amorphous) materials were synthetized at different temperature and time during of the hydrothermal treatment. The obtained SBA-15 were characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (DRX), and density in order to establish the influence of these variables on their properties. Mixtures of the obtained catalysts with 3R4F tobacco were prepared and smoked under the ISO 3308 conditions. Temperature of the hydrothermal treatment slightly affects the tars that evolved in the smoking process of the corresponding catalyst tobacco mixtures. Contrarily, the time of the hydrothermal treatment has a marked effect on the reductions of toxic compounds in the smoke. Developed porosity has a positive correlation with the observed tar reduction, whereas the apparent density has a negative correlation with the reduction in toxicity. Moreover, the removal of the supernatant liquors during the hydrothermal treatment does not strongly modify the properties of the materials and may represent an interesting simplification of the process.The authors wish to thank the Spanish Government, project TQ2015-70726-P (MINECO/FEDER), and the Valencian Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura I Esport, Project PROMETEO/2016/056 and IDIFEDER 2018/009 for financial support

Comportamiento poscosecha en almacenamiento a dos temperaturas de plátano en las variedades Dominico Harton África y FHIA 20

El cultivo del plátano en Colombia esta localizado en zonas de clima templado y cálido y en su mayoría por pequeños productores para los que se constituyen en su medio de vida; el presente estudio se enfoco a beneficiar a la población rural del eje cafetero. La producción de plátano con sus tres variedades (África, Dominico hartón y FHIA – 20), cultivadas en la vereda la Rochela, la hacienda Montelindo, esta agronómicamente establecida, pero el análisis del comportamiento poscosecha no lo estaba, en sus variables fisiológicas, caracterización física inicial, morfología y variables químicas que eran totalmente desconocidas; las cuales fueron el objeto de este estudio, analizándolas a las temperaturas de 18 y 26 °C, lugares de producción y mercadeo respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio fueron los siguientes, la caracterización inicial arrojo los resultados de que la variedad África presenta mayor longitud, diámetros, peso, volumen, peso especifico y área superficial, esta misma variedad presento los más altos valores de relación pulpa / cáscara durante el tiempo de estudio a las dos temperaturas. En cuanto a la variable química la variedad que presento mejor valor de Brix y relación de madurez fue la variedad Dominico hartón. Al mismo tiempo el punto climatérico de estas tres variedades se presento de la siguiente manera Dominico hartón a 18 °C día 7 y a 26 °C día 5, mientras que la variedad África a 18 °C día 7 y a 26 °C día 6, en lo que respecta a la variedad FHIA –20 a 18 °C día 9 y a 26 °C día 4. Se observo que cada variedad estudiada tiene sus fortalezas y debilidades que con los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo sirva para que la industria del procesamiento de plátano elija la mejor variedad según las necesidades de cada producto. / Abstract: The cultivation of the banana in Colombia this located in areas of temperate and warm climate and in their majority for small producers for those that are constituted in their means of life; the present study you focuses to benefit the rural population of the coffee axis. The banana production with their three varieties (África, Dominico hartón and FHIA–20), cultivated in the sidewalk the Rochela, the country property Montelindo, this agronomically established, but the analysis of the behavior poscosecha he was not, in its physiologic variables, characterization physical initial, morphology and chemical variables that were completely unknown; which were the object of this study, analyzing them respectively to the temperatures of 18 and 26 °C, production places and marketing. The results of this study were the following ones, the initial characterization throws the results that the variety África presents bigger longitude, diameters, weight, volume, weight specifies and superficial area, this same variety presents the highest values of relationship pulp / shell during the time of study to the two temperatures. As for the chemical variable the variety that I present better value of Brix and relationship of maturity was the variety Dominico hartón. At the same time the point climatérico of these three varieties you presents in the following way Dominico hartón to 18 °C day 7 and to 26 °C day 5,while the variety África to 18 °C day 7 and to 26 °C day 6, in what concerns to the variety FHIA –20 to 18 °C day 9 and to 26 °C day 4. One observes that each studied variety has its strengths and weaknesses that it serves with the results obtained work presently so that the industry of the banana prosecution chooses the best variety according to the necessities of each product.Otr

Development of oxide dispersion strengthened W alloys produced by hot isostatic pressing

This study is presented of: The Conference 26th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT). Porto, Portugal. Date: 27 September-01 October, 2010.A powder metallurgy technique has been developed to produce oxide strengthened W-Ti and W-V alloys using elemental powders and nanosized powders of La₂O₃ or Y₂O₃ as starting materials. The alloys consolidated by hot isostatic pressing resulted in high-density materials having an ultrafine-grained structure and microhardness values in the range 7-13 GPa. Atom force microscopy studies show a topographic relief in the Ti and V pools that appear in the consolidated alloys. This relief is attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation of martensite plates. The preliminary transmission electron microscopy studies have revealed that a dispersion of nanoparticles can be induced in these alloys produced via the present technique.This investigation was supported by the Comunidad de Madrid (program ESTRUMAT-CM S0505/MAT/0077) and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract ENE2008-06403-C06-04), with additional contributions from EURATOM/CIEMAT association through contract EFDA WP08-09-MAT-WWALLOY.Publicad

Sustainable savings applied to operating room ventilation at hospitals located in different climatic zones, through control and regulation strategies

Producción CientíficaIn hospitals, operating rooms are energy-intensive spaces, due to the high flow of outside air required to achieve the necessary indoor air quality. Operating rooms demand ventilation continuously, despite periods of low daily surgical activity. However, by controlling ventilation during inactive periods in the operating room, significant energy savings can be achieved, avoiding penalties on IAQ levels. This paper evaluates the energy savings achieved by introducing ventilation flow control and regulation systems in operating rooms of hospitals located in different climatic zones within Spain. In addition, emissions and economic savings have also been evaluated. Two control and regulation strategies of the air flow to be supplied and extracted in the operating rooms, during periods of inactivity, are studied and include regulation by schedule and regulation by occupancy. Data from a 900-bed university hospital center are used as a reference to evaluate the average occupancy of the operating rooms, and the energy consumption, thus validating the model for calculating the demand of a typical operating room. The energy savings for the regulation by occupancy are 37.5%, and the regulation by schedule are 40% of the annual demand, with respect to an operating room working permanently

Commercial gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon as hotspots of microplastic accumulation in the digestive system

This paper presents the results on the presence and characterization of microplastics (MP) in the gastrointestinal tract of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a species of commercial interest from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon in Southeast Spain. This is the first time that microplastic ingestion is recorded in any species from this semi-enclosed bay. Stomach and intestine from a total of 17 specimens captured by local fishermen were processed, and microplastic particles and fibers found in all of them were displayed. Overall, 40.32% (279/692) of total isolated microparticles proved to be microplastics; i.e., <5 mm, as identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The average value by fish was 20.11 _ 2.94 MP kg1, corresponding to average concentrations of 3912.06 _ 791.24 and 1562.17 _ 402.04 MP by kg stomach and intestine, respectively. Four MP forms were isolated: fiber (71.68%), fragment (21.15%), film (6.81%), and microbead (0.36%), with sizes ranging from 91 _m to 5 mm, an average of 0.83 _ 0.04 mm, and no statistically significant differences between mean sizes in stomach and intestine samples (F-test = 0.004; p = 0.936). Nine polymer types were detected, although most of fibers remained unidentified because of their small size, the presence of polymer additives, or closely adhered pollutants despite the oxidizing digestion carried out to eliminate organic matter. No significant correlation was found between main biological parameters and ingested microplastics, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene polypropylene (PEP), and polyvinyl (PV) were identified as the most abundant polymers. The average microplastic ingestion in this study area was higher than those reported in most studies within the Mediterranean Sea, and closely related to microplastic pollution in the surrounding area, although with a predominance of fiber form mainly due to fishery activities.This work was financed by Project 5345/18IQA (Technical University of Cartagena). Analyses carried out by Sonia Olmos were supported by a grant from Fundación Séneca (20268/FPI/17)

Fish β-parvalbumin acquires allergenic properties by amyloid assembly

PRINCIPLES: Amyloids are highly cross-β-sheet-rich aggregated states that confer protease resistance, membrane activity and multivalence properties to proteins, all essential features for the undesired preservation of food proteins transiting the gastrointestinal tract and causing type I allergy. METHODS: Amyloid propensity of β-parvalbumin, the major fish allergen, was theoretically analysed and assayed under gastrointestinal-relevant conditions using the binding of thioflavin T, the formation of sodium dodecyl sulphate- (SDS-) resistant aggregates, circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy fibril imaging. Impact of amyloid aggregates on allergenicity was assessed with dot blot. RESULTS: Sequences of β-parvalbumin from species with commercial value contain several adhesive hexapeptides capable of driving amyloid formation. Using Atlantic cod β-parvalbumin (rGad m 1) displaying high IgE cross-reactivity, we found that formation of amyloid fibres under simulated gastrointestinal conditions accounts for the resistance to acid and neutral proteases, for the presence of membrane active species under gastrointestinal relevant conditions and for the IgE-recognition in the sera of allergic patients. Incorporation of the anti-amyloid compound epigallocatechin gallate prevents rGad m 1 fibrillation, facilitates its protease digestion and impairs its recognition by IgE. CONCLUSIONS: the formation of amyloid by rGad m 1 explains its degradation resistance, its facilitated passage across the intestinal epithelial barrier and its epitope architecture as allergen.Peer Reviewe

SANS evidence for the dispersion of nanoparticles in W-1Y₂O₃ and W-1La₂O₃ processed by hot isostatic pressing

The development of a dispersion of nanoparticles in the W–1%Y₂O₃ and W–1%La₂O₃ (wt%) alloys processed by hot isostatic pressing have been investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. The analyses of the scattering data using the Beaucage unified approach reveal the presence of a bi-modal distribution of spherical scattering centers with sizes of less of 180 nm in these alloys. The mode values of these centers are found at ~ 10 and 40 nm in W–1%Y₂O₃, and at ~ 15 and 80 nm in W–1%La₂O₃ . The scanning electron microscopy analyses showed the presence of small second phase particles. The contribution of the pore space to the scattering curves has been analyzed using the results obtained for pure W processed following the same procedure used for the alloys, and the porosity measurements of the samples.The present work was supported by the Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid, through the program ESTRUMAT CM S2009MAT 1585 and by the Ministerio de Innovación y Ciencia (project ENE2008 06403 C06 04). The additional financial support from EURATOM/CIEMAT association through contract EFDA WP11 MAT WWALLOY is also acknowledged.Publicad

Centric relation: concepts revision and recording techniques. Part I

La relación céntrica ha sido objeto de disparidad de criterios en la odontología durante más de un siglo. A lo largo de este trabajo, vamos a exponer diferentes métodos usados tanto para obtener el registro, como para comprobar su certeza y corroborar la posición condilar. Dado que no existe evidencia científica en el tema, en este trabajo, revisaremos los estudios experimentales que aparecen en la literatura. Los hemos divididos en dos partes, la primera relacionada con la definición de relación céntrica y la segunda parte relacionada con técnicas de registro, posición condilar y la discrepancia entre relación céntrica y oclusión céntrica.The centric relation has been controversial on dentistry during more of one century. Along of this work, we are going to expose different methods to recording as checking the accuracy and condilar position. Given that there aren’t scientific evidence, in this work, we review the researches ublicated. We have divided them into two parts; the first is related with the definition of centric relation and the second part is related with recording techniques, condilar position and centric relation- centric occlusion discrepancy

Learning English : Plataforma para la enseñanza del idioma inglés

La enseñanza del idioma inglés cada día cobra auge en el mundo actual. El uso de las nuevas tecnologías y la educación a distancia, en el desarrollo de nuevos productos con fines educativos, se ha patentizado y fomentado con el surgir de plataformas destinadas a la enseñanza. Learning English v.2.0, es una de estas plataformas la cual posibilita el uso de la multimedia y el tratamiento personalizado de cada estudiante por profesor específico, contando con tres niveles de usuarios: administrador, estudiante y profesor. Esta plataforma contiene además recursos que son útiles para cada estudiante, servicios de clases, conferencias, así como la disponibilidad de ejercicios, los cuales pueden ser realizados y calificados por el sistema, con un servicio de ayuda orientado a tarjetas. Además se habilita el servicio de biblioteca, al poder el estudiante o profesor, descargar documentos curriculares y extra - curriculares. La comunicación es otro de los elementos cruciales en el sistema, servicios instantáneos y no instantáneos, son el chat y el forum de discusión disponibles. Otros recursos importantes que forman parte de esta plataforma son, un servicio de correo para profesores y una agenda para estudiantes, servicios de noticias e informaciones, registro de usuarios, así como reportes sobre el estado de los estudiantes que incluyen las estadísticas generales dentro del sistema. Actualmente se encuentra en estado de aplicación en la universidad, pero puede ser aplicable a cualquier universidad en cualquier país.Eje: E-learning: Educación a distanciaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Learning English : Plataforma para la enseñanza del idioma inglés

La enseñanza del idioma inglés cada día cobra auge en el mundo actual. El uso de las nuevas tecnologías y la educación a distancia, en el desarrollo de nuevos productos con fines educativos, se ha patentizado y fomentado con el surgir de plataformas destinadas a la enseñanza. Learning English v.2.0, es una de estas plataformas la cual posibilita el uso de la multimedia y el tratamiento personalizado de cada estudiante por profesor específico, contando con tres niveles de usuarios: administrador, estudiante y profesor. Esta plataforma contiene además recursos que son útiles para cada estudiante, servicios de clases, conferencias, así como la disponibilidad de ejercicios, los cuales pueden ser realizados y calificados por el sistema, con un servicio de ayuda orientado a tarjetas. Además se habilita el servicio de biblioteca, al poder el estudiante o profesor, descargar documentos curriculares y extra - curriculares. La comunicación es otro de los elementos cruciales en el sistema, servicios instantáneos y no instantáneos, son el chat y el forum de discusión disponibles. Otros recursos importantes que forman parte de esta plataforma son, un servicio de correo para profesores y una agenda para estudiantes, servicios de noticias e informaciones, registro de usuarios, así como reportes sobre el estado de los estudiantes que incluyen las estadísticas generales dentro del sistema. Actualmente se encuentra en estado de aplicación en la universidad, pero puede ser aplicable a cualquier universidad en cualquier país.Eje: E-learning: Educación a distanciaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI