Choreographies with Secure Boxes and Compromised Principals

We equip choreography-level session descriptions with a simple abstraction of a security infrastructure. Message components may be enclosed within (possibly nested) "boxes" annotated with the intended source and destination of those components. The boxes are to be implemented with cryptography. Strand spaces provide a semantics for these choreographies, in which some roles may be played by compromised principals. A skeleton is a partially ordered structure containing local behaviors (strands) executed by regular (non-compromised) principals. A skeleton is realized if it contains enough regular strands so that it could actually occur, in combination with any possible activity of compromised principals. It is delivery guaranteed (DG) realized if, in addition, every message transmitted to a regular participant is also delivered. We define a novel transition system on skeletons, in which the steps add regular strands. These steps solve tests, i.e. parts of the skeleton that could not occur without additional regular behavior. We prove three main results about the transition system. First, each minimal DG realized skeleton is reachable, using the transition system, from any skeleton it embeds. Second, if no step is possible from a skeleton A, then A is DG realized. Finally, if a DG realized B is accessible from A, then B is minimal. Thus, the transition system provides a systematic way to construct the possible behaviors of the choreography, in the presence of compromised principals

Policultivo de amaranto con leguminosas, una alternativa de manejo agroecológico de malezas para agricultores familiares de la provincia de Buenos Aires

La necesidad de un sistema agropecuario más sustentable, ecológicamente adecuado, y socialmente aceptable, que provea una alimentación variada y de calidad, es hoy una realidad en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El cultivo del amaranto (Amaranthus sp.), alimento altamente nutritivo y con gran potencial para adaptarse a las condiciones agroecológicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, es una posibilidad. Una de sus dificultades es el control de malezas sin uso de agroquímicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, desde un enfoque agroecológico, el uso de policultivos con leguminosas (Vicia villosa y Trifolium pratense), como alternativa a dicho problema. Los resultados de esta experiencia muestran que el amaranto y las leguminosas, al ocupar nichos ecológicos distintos, no presentan fuerte competencia entre sí y, por lo tanto, la siembra de Vicia villosa con amaranto aparece como una estrategia adecuada para el manejo ecológico de malezas para agricultores familiares de la provincia de Buenos Aires.The need of agricultural system more sustainable, ecologically suitable and aceptable socially, that provides varied and quality alimentation, is now the reality of Province of Buenos Aires. The crop amaranth incorporation (Amaranthus sp.), very nutritious food and with great potential to suit the agro-ecological conditions of the province of Buenos Aires, is a posibility. one of the difficulties is to control weeds without using chemicals. The aim of this study is to evaluate , from an agro-ecological approach , using intercropping with legumes (Vicia villosa and Trifolium pratense), as an alternative to this problem.The results from that experience show that the amaranth and the legumes, occupy differents niches, no significant competition between them, so, the planting of vicia villosa and amaranth appear like suitable strategy to do an ecological management of weeds for family farmers from Province of Buenos Aires.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológic

Policultivo de amaranto con leguminosas, una alternativa de manejo agroecológico de malezas para agricultores familiares de la provincia de Buenos Aires

La necesidad de un sistema agropecuario más sustentable, ecológicamente adecuado, y socialmente aceptable, que provea una alimentación variada y de calidad, es hoy una realidad en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El cultivo del amaranto (Amaranthus sp.), alimento altamente nutritivo y con gran potencial para adaptarse a las condiciones agroecológicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, es una posibilidad. Una de sus dificultades es el control de malezas sin uso de agroquímicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, desde un enfoque agroecológico, el uso de policultivos con leguminosas (Vicia villosa y Trifolium pratense), como alternativa a dicho problema. Los resultados de esta experiencia muestran que el amaranto y las leguminosas, al ocupar nichos ecológicos distintos, no presentan fuerte competencia entre sí y, por lo tanto, la siembra de Vicia villosa con amaranto aparece como una estrategia adecuada para el manejo ecológico de malezas para agricultores familiares de la provincia de Buenos Aires.The need of agricultural system more sustainable, ecologically suitable and aceptable socially, that provides varied and quality alimentation, is now the reality of Province of Buenos Aires. The crop amaranth incorporation (Amaranthus sp.), very nutritious food and with great potential to suit the agro-ecological conditions of the province of Buenos Aires, is a posibility. one of the difficulties is to control weeds without using chemicals. The aim of this study is to evaluate , from an agro-ecological approach , using intercropping with legumes (Vicia villosa and Trifolium pratense), as an alternative to this problem.The results from that experience show that the amaranth and the legumes, occupy differents niches, no significant competition between them, so, the planting of vicia villosa and amaranth appear like suitable strategy to do an ecological management of weeds for family farmers from Province of Buenos Aires.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológic

Shaping, imaging and controlling plasmonic interference fields at buried interfaces

Filming and controlling plasmons at buried interfaces with nanometer (nm) and femtosecond (fs) resolution has yet to be achieved and is critical for next generation plasmonic/electronic devices. In this work, we use light to excite and shape a plasmonic interference pattern at a buried metal-dielectric interface in a nanostructured thin film. Plasmons are launched from a photoexcited array of nanocavities and their propagation is filmed via photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM). The resulting movie directly captures the plasmon dynamics, allowing quantification of their group velocity at approximately 0.3c, consistent with our theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we show that the light polarization and nanocavity design can be tailored to shape transient plasmonic gratings at the nanoscale. These results, demonstrating dynamical imaging with PINEM, pave the way for the fs/nm visualization and control of plasmonic fields in advanced heterostructures based on novel 2D materials such as graphene, MoS$_2$, and ultrathin metal films.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 3 supplementary figure

From attosecond to zeptosecond coherent control of free-electron wave functions using semi-infinite light fields

Light-electron interaction in empty space is the seminal ingredient for free-electron lasers and also for controlling electron beams to dynamically investigate materials and molecules. Pushing the coherent control of free electrons by light to unexplored timescales, below the attosecond, would enable unprecedented applications in light-assisted electron quantum circuits and diagnostics at extremely small timescales, such as those governing intramolecular electronic motion and nuclear phenomena. We experimentally demonstrate attosecond coherent manipulation of the electron wave function in a transmission electron microscope, and show that it can be pushed down to the zeptosecond regime with existing technology. We make a relativistic pulsed electron beam interact in free space with an appropriately synthesized semi-infinite light field generated by two femtosecond laser pulses reflected at the surface of a mirror and delayed by fractions of the optical cycle. The amplitude and phase of the resulting coherent oscillations of the electron states in energymomentum space are mapped via momentum-resolved ultrafast electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The experimental results are in full agreement with our theoretical framework for light-electron interaction, which predicts access to the zeptosecond timescale by combining semi-infinite X-ray fields with free electrons.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Ultrafast Momentum-Resolved Probing of Plasmon Thermal Dynamics with Free Electrons

Current advances in ultrafast electron microscopy make it possible to combine optical pumping of a nanostructure and electron beam probing with sub{\aa}ngstrom and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolution. We present a theory predicting that this technique can reveal a rich out-of-equilibrium dynamics of plasmon excitations in graphene and graphite samples. In a disruptive departure from the traditional probing of nanoscale excitations based on the identification of spectral features in the transmitted electrons, we show that measurement of angle-resolved, energy-integrated inelastic electron scattering can trace the temporal evolution of plasmons in these structures and provide momentum-resolved mode identification, thus avoiding the need for highly-monochromatic electron beams and the use of electron spectrometers. This previously unexplored approach to study the ultrafast dynamics of optical excitations can be of interest to understand and manipulate polaritons in 2D semiconductors and other materials exhibiting a strong thermo-optical response.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 101 reference

Local photo-mechanical stiffness revealed in gold nanoparticles supracrystals by ultrafast small-angle electron diffraction

We demonstrate that highly-ordered two-dimensional crystals of ligand-capped gold nanoparticles display a local photo-mechanical stiffness as high as that of solids such as graphite. In out-of equilibrium electron diffraction experiments, a strong temperature jump is induced in a thin film with a femtosecond laser pulse. The initial electronic excitation transfers energy to the underlying structural degrees of freedom, with a rate generally proportional to the stiffness of the material. With femtosecond small-angle electron diffraction, we observe the temporal evolution of the diffraction feature associated to the nearest-neighbor nanoparticle distance. The Debye-Waller decay for the octanethiol-capped nanoparticles supracrystal, in particular, is found to be unexpectedly fast, almost as fast as the stiffest solid known and observed by the same technique, i.e. graphite. Our observations unravel that local stiffness in a dense supramolecular assembly can be created by Van der Waals interactions up to a level comparable to crystalline systems characterized by covalent bonding

Experimental tests in human-robot collision evaluation and characterization of a new safety index for robot operation

This paper describes an experimental procedure consisting of impact tests that simulate a collision of a human head with an industrial robot with the aim to validate a safety index named as New Index for Robots (NIR) and its outputs. The experiments in this paper are based on lab tests. It is an attempt to characterize the NIR index underlying the main parameters that are involved in crash interaction and to highlight limitations and weakness of suggested impact tests

The expanding field of secondary antibody deficiency: causes, diagnosis, and management

Antibody deficiency or hypogammaglobulinemia can have primary or secondary etiologies. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the result of intrinsic genetic defects, whereas secondary antibody deficiency may arise as a consequence of underlying conditions or medication use. On a global level, malnutrition, HIV, and malaria are major causes of secondary immunodeficiency. In this review we consider secondary antibody deficiency, for which common causes include hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or multiple myeloma, and their treatment, protein-losing states, and side effects of a number of immunosuppressive agents and procedures involved in solid organ transplantation. Secondary antibody deficiency is not only much more common than PAD, but is also being increasingly recognized with the wider and more prolonged use of a growing list of agents targeting B cells. SAD may thus present to a broad range of specialties and is associated with an increased risk of infection. Early diagnosis and intervention is key to avoiding morbidity and mortality. Optimizing treatment requires careful clinical and laboratory assessment and may involve close monitoring of risk parameters, vaccination, antibiotic strategies, and in some patients, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). This review discusses the rapidly evolving list of underlying causes of secondary antibody deficiency, specifically focusing on therapies targeting B cells, alongside recent advances in screening, biomarkers of risk for the development of secondary antibody deficiency, diagnosis, monitoring, and management

Comparison of potentiation post-activation responses in two dominant hip strength exercises

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an anterior-posterior (hip thrust [HT]) movement generated higher post-activation potentiation (PAP) levels on broad jump (BJ) in comparison to an axial-component exercise (deadlift [DL]). Fifteen resistance-trained rugby players participated in this study (age, 22.7 ± 1.6; body weight, 89.9 ± 10.6; height, 181.8 ± 6.5; BMI, 27.2 ± 2.3; 1RM DL 1RM, 117 ± 20.6; 1RM HT, 133.3 ± 21.5. Subjects attended four sessions to the laboratory with seven days between each session. Anthropometric measurements and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) estimations for HT and DL (grip width 72 cm) were performed in the first and third sessions, while PAP tests for both exercise protocols were performed during the second and fourth sessions (subjects performed two repetitions at 90% 1-RM with 8 minutes of recovery between HT and DL exercises, and then the BJ was performed). Data were analyzed by a general lineal model (GLM) with repeated measures and a delta analysis (Δ = post – pre) was performed to determine the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the mean. The GLM showed both significant difference and large effect size on BJ per Time [pre vs. post] (P > 0.001; ηp2 = 0.990), but no differences on Time x Protocol interaction (P = 0.452; ηp2=0.020) or per Group (0.748; ηp2 = 0.004) were found. There were significant changes [X ± SD, CIs 95%] on BJ after HT (5.2±5.6, 2.1–8.3; P = 0.03) and DL (6.9±5.3, 4.0–9.9: P < 0.001); however, no difference was found between the exercise protocols (P = 0.748). Our results suggest that DL and HP provided with large effects on PAP to improve the BJ outcomes, but there was no difference between these exercises.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech