Interrelationships between capital structure and financial performance, firm size and growth: comparison of industrial sector in KSE

The purpose of the Study is to explore relationship between the capital structure and financial performance, evidence from 21 industries in Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. The study has been analyzed capital structure and its impact on financial performance during year 2004 to 2008. (5 years) financial years of 21 industries in KSE. The study will empirically investigate the relationship between the capital structure and financial performance, by using correlation and regression test on financial data which is collected from analysis reports of KSE, Balance sheet analysis and financial statements of 21 sectors. The results have several Significant implications. The findings of the study show a positive relationship between the  Leverage, financial performance and Growth, Size, of the companies by accepting the alternate hypothesis H 1 and Ho is rejected. Key Words: leverage, Financial Performance Size, Growt

Relationship between Financial Leverage and Financial Performance: Evidence from Fuel & Energy Sector of Pakistan

Fuel and energy sector serves as the backbone of the economy. The segment provides support, not only for the economic development of the country by showing positive trends towards the sectoral growth, but also serves as a steering wheel for the growth of manufacturing, trading and service sector. It provides significant inputs for production, trade and service. A general concept prevails that the financial leverage is helpful to enhance the financial performance of the companies. For measuring the impact of financial leverage on the financial health of the companies, it is essential to know whether a positive relationship exists between the financial leverage and financial performance or not? So, this study is intended to test the hypothesis and to measure a relationship between the financial leverage and the financial performance of the fuel and energy sector in Pakistan. The paper also examines the generalization that firms with higher profitability may choose high leverage by using various statistical tools. The findings of the study show a positive relationship between the financial leverage and the financial performance of the companies by accepting the alternate hypothesis H1 and Ho is rejected. The results of the study confirm that the firms having higher profitability may improve their financial performance by having high levels of financial leverage. The study provides evidence by evaluating different facts. It reveals that the players of the fuel and energy in Pakistan can improve at their financial performance by employing the financial leverage and can arrive at a sustainable future growth by making vital decisions about the choice of their optimal capital structure.   Key Words: Financial leverage, Firms’ Performance, Key Indicators- Financial Ratios, Fuel and Energy Sector in Pakistan

Role of radiosurgery In arteriovenous malformations

Background: Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) consist of an abnormal nidus of blood vessels that shunt blood directly from an artery to a vein and thereby bypass an intervening capillary bed. AVMs may be found as an incidental finding. They may be associated with intracranial haemorrhage, seizures, headaches or neurological deficits. There are different treatment options for AVM. These include observation, microsurgery, Stereotactic radio surgery (SRS), endovascular embolization and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods: Data was collected using searching engines like Pubmed, Google scholar, Embase, Cinahl and Medline. MeSH and Non-MeSH terms were used like Arterio-venous malformations, microsurgery, endovascular embolization.Results: Multiple interventional radiosurgical techniques have been introduced in recent years. The most effective and least risk-associated methods are Stereotactic radiosurgery, Microsurgery, Embolization and Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). However, the outcome of such treatment modalities depends upon Site of malformation, grade of AVM, patient\u27s age/gender, dose and volume of radiosurgery. Digital substraction angiography (DSA) and MR angiography (MRA) are most suitable methods for the follow-up of AVMs.Conclusions: Stereotactic radiosurgery is the most suitable technique for AVMs considering the good prognosis and the risks associated with this procedure. However, large AVMs require multidisciplinary approach for better results

Third ventricular tumors: A comprehensive literature review

Third ventricle tumors are uncommon and account for 0.6 - 0.9% of all the brain tumors. Tumors of the third ventricle are classified into primary tumors, such as colloid cysts, choroid plexus papillomas, and ependymomas, or secondary tumors, such as craniopharyngiomas, optic nerve gliomas, pineal tumors, and meningiomas. Third ventricular tumors are uncommon, and their treatment involves significant morbidity and mortality. The colloid cyst has a better surgical outcome and many approaches are available to achieve a complete cure. Choroid plexus papilloma is also a common tumor documented with its treatment majorly based on surgical resection. In addition to multiple treatment options for craniopharyngiomas, surgery is the most preferred treatment option. Ependymomas also have few treatment options, with surgical resection adopted as the first line of treatment

Effects of Decompression Therapy in Leg Pain and Straight Leg Rise in Patient with Lumbar Radiculopathy Due to Disc Protrusion

One among many disc problems is disc protrusion, which has more prevalence in outpatient department physical therapy management Centre globally. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of lumbar spine decompression therapy and standard physical therapy treatment in patients with lumbar radiculopathy due to disc protrusion. The single-blind randomized control trial of 71 patients was conducted at Max Rehab & Physical Therapy Centre Islamabad, Pakistan. After setting inclusion criteria all the patients were randomly allocated into treatment and control group. Both group received standard physical therapy treatment including, Moist Hot pack, Lumbar Mobilization, Stretching & strengthening exercises. The only difference was that Decompression Group received additional Decompression therapy. The data included demographics and Numeric Pain Rating Scale score in supine lying position for the painful leg and Straight Leg Raise Range for the painful side. The values for leg pain for control group decreased from 6 to 3 and the value for straight leg raise increased from 15° to 49°. The values for leg pain for the Decompression Group decreased from 6 to 2 and the value for the straight leg raise increased from 10° to 48°, the p value for both the variables was <.001 showing statistically significant difference between pre and post values in treating patients leg pain and straight leg raise range of motion. It is concluded that decompression therapy is more effective in managing lumbar radiculopathy

Targeted therapy using nanocomposite delivery systems in cancer treatment: highlighting miR34a regulation for clinical applications

Abstract The clinical application of microRNAs in modern therapeutics holds great promise to uncover molecular limitations and conquer the unbeatable castle of cancer metastasis. miRNAs play a decisive role that regulating gene expression at the post-transcription level while controlling both the stability and translation capacity of mRNAs. Specifically, miR34a is a master regulator of the tumor suppressor gene, cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance at the cell level in p53-dependent and independent signaling. With changing, trends in nanotechnology, in particular with the revolution in the field of nanomedicine, nano drug delivery systems have emerged as a prominent strategy in clinical practices coupled with miR34a delivery. Recently, it has been observed that forced miR34a expression in human cancer cell lines and model organisms limits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting several signaling cascades, with various studies endorsing that miR34a deregulation in cancer cells modulates apoptosis and thus requires targeted nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In this sense, the present review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of miR34a regulation in targeted therapy of cancer