Sejarah pendidikan daerah Sumatera Barat

Buku ini memuat uraian tentang pertumbuhan pendidikan di Sumatera Barat, mulai dari pendidikan tradisional, pendidikan Barat abad ke-19, pendidikan formal abad ke-20 sampai pendidikan zaman Jepang dan Indonesia pada masa kemerdekaan

Histochemistry of fibres of masseter and temporalis muscles of edentulous monkeys Macaca mulatta

Muscle fibres of the masseter and temporalis muscles of female rhesus monkeys which had been edentulous for 4.5 yr were analysed histochemically. Fibres were classified on the basis of activities of succinic acid dehydrogenase and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. Capillaries were visualized by phosphatase activity. Succinate oxidase activity was determined by differential respirometry of aliquots of whole muscle homogenates. These data were compared to data obtained from the muscles of control adult female animals. Relative to control values, the muscles of edentulous animals had lower oxidative capacity, more fast fatigable (FF) and fewer fast fatigue resistant (FR) and slow fatigue resistant (S) fibres, smaller S fibres and slightly reduced capillarity. These data indicate relative disuse of elevator muscle following removal of teeth.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23363/1/0000307.pd

What is case management in palliative care? An expert panel study

Contains fulltext : 110207.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Case management is a heterogeneous concept of care that consists of assessment, planning, implementing, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating the options and services required to meet the client's health and service needs. This paper describes the result of an expert panel procedure to gain insight into the aims and characteristics of case management in palliative care in the Netherlands. METHODS: A modified version of the RAND(R)/University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) appropriateness method was used to formulate and rate a list of aims and characteristics of case management in palliative care. A total of 76 health care professionals, researchers and policy makers were invited to join the expert panel, of which 61% participated in at least one round. RESULTS: Nine out of ten aims of case management were met with agreement. The most important areas of disagreement with regard to characteristics of case management were hands-on nursing care by the case manager, target group of case management, performance of other tasks besides case management and accessibility of the case manager. CONCLUSIONS: Although aims are agreed upon, case management in palliative care shows a high level of variability in implementation choices. Case management should aim at maintaining continuity of care to ensure that patients and those close to them experience care as personalised, coherent and consistent

Direct costs of dementia in nursing homes

Dementia represents an economical burden to societies nowadays. Total dementia expenses are calculated by the sum of direct and indirect costs. Through the stages of the diseases, as the patients may require institutionalization or a formal caregiver, the direct costs tend to increase. This study aims to analyze the direct costs of dementia in Portuguese nursing homes in 2012, compare the spending between seniors with and without dementia, and propose a predictive costs model. The expenses analysis was based on (1) the use of emergency rooms and doctor’s appointments, either in public or private institutions; (2) days of hospitalization; (3) medication; (4) social services use; (5) the need for technical support; and (6) the utilization of rehabilitation services. The sample was composed of 72 people, half with dementia and half without. The average annual expense of a patient with dementia was e15,287 thousand, while the cost of a patient without dementia was about e12,289 thousand. The variables “ability to make yourself understood,” “self-performance: getting dressed” and “thyroid disorders” were found to be statistically significant in predicting the expenses’ increase. In nursing homes, in 2012, the costs per patient with dementia were 1, 2 times higher than per patient without dementia

The physiological impact of high?intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities

BackgroundDeclines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat-free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis).MethodsTwenty-eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2 ± 0.6 years, 27.1 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2–3 status each completed 4 weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4 week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4-weeks.ResultsIn comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2 ± 0.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2 ± 1.4 to 47.6 ± 1.3 kg, P = 0.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8 ± 1.3 to 24 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1 ± 1.5 to 32.1 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4 ± 4 to 67.9 ± 5.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1, P = 0.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C-II, 1.4-fold increase, P = 0.002; C-III, 1.2-fold increase, P = 0.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1%·day−1, P = 0.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up-regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1; all P < 0.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.ConclusionsThe HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up-regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time-efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame

Age-Related Diseases and Clinical and Public Health Implications for the 85 Years Old and Over Population

By 2050, the American 85 years old and over population will triple. Clinicians and the public health community need to develop a culture of sensitivity to the needs of this population and its subgroups. Sensory changes, cognitive changes, and weakness may be subtle or may be severe in the heterogeneous population of people over age 85. Falls, cardiovascular disease, and difficulty with activities of daily living are common but not universal. This paper reviews relevant changes of normal aging, diseases, and syndromes common in people over age 85, cognitive and psychological changes, social and environmental changes, and then reviews common discussions which clinicians routinely have with these patients and their families. Some hearing and vision loss are a part of normal aging as is decline in immune function. Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and dementia are common chronic conditions at age 85. Osteoarthritis, diabetes, and related mobility disability will increase in prevalence as the population ages and becomes more overweight. These population changes have considerable public health importance. Caregiver support, services in the home, assistive technologies, and promotion of home exercise programs as well as consideration of transportation and housing policies are recommended. For clinicians, judicious prescribing and ordering of tests includes a consideration of life expectancy, lag time to benefit, and patient goals. Furthermore, healthy behaviors starting in early childhood can optimize quality of life among the oldest-old

Hubungan liberalisme dan keberagamaan mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta : Studi kasus angkatan 2010

Skripsi ini mengangkat permasalahan liberalisme dan keberagamaan, yang merujuk dari buku yang berjudul � Ada Pemurtadan Di IAIN� dan perkembangan isu disekitar kampus UIN oleh sebagian masyarakat serta didukung dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu Benih-benih Islam radikal di masjid studi kasus Jakarta dan Solo, Corak Berpikir Agama Mahasiswa (Eksklusif, Inklusif, Liberal), Gagasan Islam Liberal di Indonesia. Liberalisme merupakan tata pemikiran yang landaskan pemikiran manusia yang bebas, sedangkan keberagamaan yaitu segala sesuatu aktivitas manusia yang segala sesuatunya dilandasi dengan agama. Perilaku keberagamaan muncul disebabkan karena perwujudan dari faham dalam jiwanya berdasarkan pengalaman beragama pada diri seseorang. Keberagamaan kalangan liberal, mereka melihat fenomena keberagamaan seperti melihat mahluk hidup yang terus berkembang dan berevolusi tidak berhenti seperti patung sakral yang tidak bisa disentuh tangan sejarah. Tempat penelitian di kampus UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, populasinya fakultas Ushuludin angkatan 2010 dengan jumlah 207 mahasiswa, sampelnya dipilih secara Sampling purposive dengan jumlah 31 mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelian atau sekitar 15% dari jumlah populasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif, menggunakan uji korelasi product moment, uji signifikasi, koefisien penentu dan analisis angket. Hasil dari penelitian uji korelasi sebesar 0,1 dan koefisien penentunya 1% dengan kriteria sangat rendah, uji signifikasinya adalah t hitung = 0,6 lebih besar dari t tabel = 0,367 (kesalahan 5% dari n = 31, yaitu n-2 = 29) maka H0 ditolak sedangkan Ha diterima. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faham liberalisme dan perilaku keberagamaan mahasiswa UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Sedangkan hasil analisis angket rata-rata adalah sangat setuju untuk faham liberalisme 27.80%, setuju 47,49% dan perilaku keberagamaanya yang sangat setuju 26.40%, kemudian yang setuju 36.40

Multidisciplinary and comprehensive approaches to optimal management of chronic pressure ulcers in the elderly

Efraim Jaul Skilled Geriatric Nursing Department, Herzog Memorial Hospital, Affiliated to the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel Abstract: The occurrence of pressure ulcers (PUs) is common and poses serious problems for the frail elderly, with implications for functional disability and reduced quality of life. PUs are preventable in a majority of cases. The increase in PU occurrence, however, appears regardless of higher awareness in prevention and improvement through utilization of pressure relieving devices. Multiple changes in the elderly body systems occur over time including aging, multiple chronic conditions, and functional impairment, potentially culminating in the final pathways of geriatric syndrome, unless awareness to the development of PUs is reversible and prevented. The assumption is that the development of PUs is based on multifactorial causes (extrinsic and intrinsic factors); thus, the optimal management for elderly patients requires a comprehensive approach in all medical settings (community, hospital, and at the long term care [LTC] level). Comprehensiveness signifies looking beyond the wounds, assisting the patient through both local (wound) and systemic (medical condition) treatment, using a strategy of prevention and supporting quality of life. Within the multidisciplinary involvement team approach, each professional discipline contributes its own task in coordination with other disciplines to address PU prevention, assessment, and treatment. The entire medical staff and the multidisciplinary team work together and communicate frequently in order to prevent, halt at an early stage, and provide healing in a timely fashion. Limiting the formation of PUs is facilitated through early identification, treating contributing causes, eliminating all unnecessary medications, instituting supportive interventions which include the family. Understanding the relationship between the formation of PUs and the vulnerability of the elderly patient is key to the optimal approach for the prevention and management of PUs. Keywords: multifactorial causes, medical conditions, frailty, geriatric syndrome, prevention strategy, quality of lif