Applications of Lattice Filters to Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks

Presented is a method for designing and implementing lattice filters to be used in Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) Banks. Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks find use in applications where a signal must be spilt into subbands operated on then reconstructed in the output. Because of their structure, lattice filters do this very well and allow perfect reconstruction, even when the lattice coefficients must be quantized. In this paper QMF\u27s and Lattice Filters are derived and analyzed. Application of the lattice filter is presented along with a design program and example of its use to implement a QMF. The computer aided design procedure allows the user to input the stop-band frequency, normalized to the sampling frequency, and the desired attenuation. The resulting outputs are the lattice coefficients, and the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) coefficients of an FIR filter having the same characteristics. The program selects a set of coefficients based on optimal coefficients that are within the desired tolerance. The filter design program was written in FORTRAN, with the filter coefficients stored in a data file on disk. Programs were written in MATHCAD© to show the lattice filter response and to simulate the QMF using these coefficients

Response of rat hindlimb muscles to 12 hours recovery from tail-cast suspension

Previous work has shown a number of biochemical changes which accompany atrophy or reduced muscle growth in hindlimb of tail-casted, suspended rats. These results clearly show that altered muscle growth was due to changes in protein turnover. Accordingly, the rise in soleus tyrosine following unloading reflects the more negative protein balance. Other major changes we found included slower synthesis of glutamine as indicated by lower ratios of glutamine/glutamate and reduced levels of aspartate which coincide with slower aspartate and ammonia metabolism in vitro. In conjunction with the study of SL-3 rats, which were subjected to 12 h of post-flight gravity, a study of the effects of 12 h eight bearing on metabolism of 6-day unloaded hindlimb muscles was carried out

Responses of skeletal muscle to unloading, a review

Suspension models were used to study muscle response to reduced activity. During 6 days of tail casting, the soleus (SOL) atrophies while the extensor digitorum longus grows relatively normally. After discounting those changes in both muscles due primarily to increased secretion of adrenal hormones, the following conclusions regarding the specific responses of the SOL could be drawn: (1) Atrophy is probably due primarily to increased protein degradation; (2) Decreased synthesis of glutamine may result from reduced availability of ammonia due to diminished use of ATP; (3) Greater muscle glycogen seems to reflect an increased response to insulin of glucose uptake which leads to greater glucose metabolism; and (4) Faster catabolism of branched-chain amino acids can be attributed to enhanced flux through ketoacid dehydrogenase. Studies by others using tail casted suspended rats showed in the SOL: (1) a gradual switch from type 1 to type 2 fibers; (2) increased acid protease activity; and (3) altered muscle function and contractile duration. Using harness suspended rats, others showed in the SOL: (1) significant atrophy; (2) increased numbers of glucocorticoid receptors; and (3) no change in muscle fatigability

Success Factors of International Education and Training Networks

In the last decade, several international education and training networks have been established in the nuclear field, striving to support – in general terms – the availability of qualified human resources in nuclear facilities (including research centers). Re-cently, several cooperation agreements have been signed between different net-works with the aim to further boost the impact and effectiveness of their work. The networks have become active in different geographical regions of the world, and their creation has been supported by different international organizations. Consequently, for stakeholders in the nuclear field it is increasingly difficult to receive an overview, and to differentiate substantially between the education and training impacts on their own human resource issues. In order to present an overview and a clearer view on existing education and training networks, and to assess the potential benefits of their work for concerned stakehold-ers, this paper presents 2 examples (European Nuclear Education Network / ENEN, European Fusion Education Network / FuseNet), comparing their history, their target groups and their members, their mission and objectives, their activities and working mechanisms, as well as their information and communication (web sites). The objective is to develop criteria and in particular success factors that may provide guidance for further development of international education and training networks

MW 775 Christian Witness and Other Faiths

Richard Plantinga, ed. Christianity and Plurality: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 379 pages. ISBN: 0-631-20915-8 (paperback) Wesley Pluralism Packet David Bosch. A Spirituality of the Road. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 2000 (1979). 92 pages. ISBN: 1-57910-795-8 (paperback) Paul Hiebert. Missiological Implications of Epistemological Shifts. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, International, 1999. 135 pages. ISBN: 1-56338-259-8 (paperback)https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/2452/thumbnail.jp

Interactions of gelatinous zooplankton within marine food webs

Gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) comprise a taxonomically and functionally diverse group of marine organisms which includes ctenophores, cnidarians and pelagic tunicates, sharing a soft, mostly transparent body texture, a high body water content and a lack of exoskeleton. They range in size from less than a millimetre to nearly 2 m for the cnidarian jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, and comprise some of the fastest growing metazoans on Earth (Hopcroft et al., 1998), sometimes surpassing crustacean zooplankton in their contribution to secondary production (i.e. in subtropical waters; Jaspers et al., 2009). They feed on a wide range of prey sizes, with predator–prey ratios comparable in some cases to those of baleen whales and krill (Deibel and Lee, 1992), and with prey removal rates which are similar to those of their non-gelatinous competitors (Acuña et al., 2011). In spite of early work pointing to gelatinous zooplankton as a trophic dead end (Verity and Smetacek, 1996), evidence is rapidly accumulating which shows that they may potentially channel energy from the picoplankton-sized, microbial loop organisms up to the higher trophic levels, including fish (Llopiz et al., 2010). However, this pathway is still largely neglected in most food web investigations even though it is now becoming clear that GZ represent a major fraction of the diet of several commercially important fish species such as bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (Cardona et al., 2012)

Existential Communication and Leadership

The aim of this article is to introduce and explain a number of important existentialist philosophers and concepts that we believe can contribute to a critical approach to leadership theory. Emphasis is placed on understanding the nature of communication from an existentialist perspective and so Jaspers' conceptualization of existential communication is introduced along with important related concepts that may be regarded as important facets of leader communication including Being-in-the-world, the Other, intersubjectivity, dialogue and indirect communication. Particular attention is paid to Buber's ideas on communication as relationship and dialogue. Throughout, reference is made to contemporary, and what is often regarded as orthodox, thinking regarding the centrality of communication to leadership practice as a means by which to highlight the salience of an existentialist analysis