Climatización de entornos exteriores: intervención en la colonia del Cristo de la Victoria

47 p.La historia de la arquitectura y el desarrollo urbano en los últimos siglos, en mayor o menor medida, ha seguido una tendencia de desnaturalización de la urbe. Consecuentemente se ha producido un abandono del ecosistema natural, siendo sustituido por uno totalmente antropologizado. Esto ha permitido controlar el espacio, incluso climatizarlo cuando se trata de interiores. Pero cuando se trata de exteriores, ha sido dejado relativamente en segundo plano. Se ha convertido en un problema capital para países de climas cálidos, donde el aumento de las temperaturas y la falta de recursos y herramientas para la gestión en estos espacios exteriores, están a la orden del día y cada vez toma más importancia en el desarrollo de las ciudades del futuro. Es por eso que, mediante el estudio de referencias vernáculas y técnicas bioclimáticas, se proponen una serie de intervenciones o herramientas compositivas del espacio, para poder llevar a cabo la climatización de estos espacios exteriores y así fomentar el desarrollo sostenible de nuestros entornos urbanos. La intervención propuesta, esta diseñada en un principio para ser una actuación flexible y adaptable a todo tipo de circunstancias urbanas. A modo ejemplificativo, se desarrollará en un espacio real: la Colonia del Cristo de la Victoria, de manera que se pueda comprender y cuantificar mejor las medidas propuesta. Siempre de cara a fomentar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible(ODS) y naturalización de las ciudades dentro del marco de la Agenda Europea de Desarrollo Urbano y la misión de Naturalización de Ciudades Europeas 2030.The history of architecture and urban development in recent ages, to a larger extent, has followed a trend of denaturing the city. Consequently, there has been an abandonment of the natural ecosystem, being replaced by a totally anthropologized one. This has made it possible to control the space, even conditioning it when it comes to in-doors. But when it comes to outdoors, it’s been left relatively in the background. It has become a major problem for countries with hot climates, where the increase in temperatures,the lack of resources and tools for managing these outdoor spaces are of capital relevance and are becoming increasingly important in the development of the cities of the future. That is why, through the study of vernacular references and bioclimatic techniques, a series of interventions or compositional tools of the space are proposed, in order to carry out the air conditioning of these outdoor spaces and thus promote the sustainable development of our urban environments. The proposed intervention is initially designed to be a flexible and adaptable action to all kinds of urban circumstances. As an example, it will take place in a real space: the Colonia del Cristo de la Victoria, so that the proposed measures can be better understood and quantified. Always with a view to promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and naturalization of cities within the framework of the European Agenda for Urban Development and the mission of Naturalization of European Cities 2030.Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Effect of autoimmune regulator protein (AIRE) expression of the cellular proteome

Comunicaciones a congreso

Placenta previa percreta left in situ - management by delayed hysterectomy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Placenta percreta is an obstetric emergency often associated with massive hemorrhage and emergency hysterectomy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 30-year-old African woman, gravida 7, para 5, with placenta percreta managed by an alternative approach: the placenta was left <it>in situ</it>, methotrexate was administered, and a delayed hysterectomy was successfully performed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Further studies are needed to develop the most appropriate management option for the most severe cases of abnormal placentation. Delayed hysterectomy may be a reasonable strategy in the most severe cases.</p

Una aproximación al significado biológico del polimorfismo del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad. El modelo de la asociación HLA y ARJ*

Resumen Objetivos. Llevar a cabo una actualización del estado del arte acerca del significado biológico del polimorfismo del sistema genético Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad (CMH). Revisar la literatura relacionada con la asociación de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad en el humano (HLA ) y la susceptibilidad o resistencia al desarrollo de la artritis reumatoidea juvenil (ARJ). Presentar un modelo hipotético para la comprensión de la susceptibilidad genética a desarrollar ARJ. Fuente de datos. Las referencia bibliográficas que soportan este artículo se obtuvieron a través de búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Ovid, Ebsco. Inicialmente se encontraron 139 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 75. Se incluyó también información del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación de nuestro grupo, «Polimorfismo molecular de los antígenos HLA en ARJ» (cod. Colciencias 1215-04-280-96). Resultados. L artritis reumatoidea juvenil (ARJ) es la enfermedad más común en la práctica reumatológica pediátrica y la menos estudiada inmunogenéticamente. A diferencia de la artritis reumatoide (AR) del adulto, la ARJ tiene ciertas variantes clínicas, lo que la hace más interesante desde el punto de vista genético (fenotipos). En su etiopatogenia se han identificado varios factores que en su conjunto explicarían el inicio y la perpetuación de la respuesta inflamatoria que afecta las articulaciones y tejidos vecinos, y que de no ser controlados llegan a destruirlos, tal como sucede en otras enfermedades autoinmunes. La patogénesis de la enfermedad puede determinarse por alteraciones a nivel de complejo trimolecular, constituido por un antígeno putativo, el receptor de linfocitos T y el Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad (CMH). Nuestro grupo durante los últimos 4 años ha estado estudiando la asociación entre ARJ y el polimorfismo de los alelos HLA DRB1* y DQB1* en niños mestizos de nuestro país. Los resultados son congruentes con otros hallazgos descritos en la literatura por diferentes grupos de investigadores. En la serie de pacientes estudiados por nosotros se encontró que los alelos HLA DRB1* 1104, HLA*0701 y HLA*1602 están asociados a la susceptibilidad de desarrollar ARJ, además nuestros datos muestran que los alelos HLA DRB1* 1501 y HLA DQB1* 0602 están claramente asociados con protección.Es importante resaltar que todos los alelos asociados a susceptibilidad comparten el aminoácido Asp en la posición 70, y aquellos que se muestran como marcadores de protección contienen Val en la misma posición. Conclusión. La información obtenida de la literatura y los hallazgos encontrados en nuestra serie de pacientes colombianos son relevantes e importantes, dado que desde el punto de vista molecular, a nivel de la presentación antigénica, el aminoácido en la posición 70 en el motivo 67 a la 73, a nivel de la molécula HLA podría activar células TH1 o TH2, las cuales estarían comprometidas en la inmunopatología de esta entidad. Otros factores genéticos y/o ambientales en asocio con estas características moleculares, expresadas a nivel de la molécula HLA, comprometida en la presentación antigénica, podrían interactuar y su resultado estaría influenciando el desarrollo y la expresión de la ARJ. Palabras clave: Complejo Mayor de Histocompatiblilidad (CMH), artritis reumatoide juvenil, HLA y ARJ. Abstract Objectives. To carry out an updating of the state of the art about the biological meaning of genetic system polymorphism Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). To review the literature related to the association of histocompatibility antigens in humans (HLA) and the susceptibility or resistance to the development of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA). To present a hypothetical model to understand the genetic susceptibility to develop JRA. Data source. The bibliographic references supporting this paper were obtained through searching in the following data base: Pubmed, Ovid, Ebsco. Initially, 139 articles were found, from which 75 were selected . Information about the development of a research of our group, «Molecular polymorphism of HLA and JRA antigens» was also included. (Colciencias code No 1215-04-280-96). Results. Juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is the most common disease in pediatric rheumatologic practice as well as the one with less immunogenetic studies. Contrary to the adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), JRA has certain clinical variants which make it more interesting from the genetic point of view (phenotypes). In its pathogenesis several factors have been identified, which as a whole would explain the onset and the perpetuation of the inflammatory response affecting joints and nearby tissue as well as its imminent destruction given no control of it as is the case in other autoimmune diseases. The disease pathogenesis can be determined by alterations at the trimolecular level formed by a putative antigen: lymphocyte T receptor and the Major Histocampatibility Complex (MHC). During the last four years our group has been studying the link between JRA and the HLA DRB1* and DQB1* alleles in mestizo children of our country. Results are congruent with the findings described in the literature by different investigation groups. In the series of patients studied, we have found that the alleles HLA DRB1* 1104, HLA*0701 and HLA*1602 are linked to the susceptibility of developing JRA. Our data also show that the alleles HLA DRB1* 1501 y HLA DQB1* 0602 are clearly linked to protection. It is important to highlight that all the alleles linked to susceptibility share the Asp amino acid in position 70, and those shown as protection markers have Val in the same position. Conclusion. The information obtained from the literature and the findings in our series of Colombian patients are relevant and important because from the molecular point of view, at an antigenic presentation level, the amino acid in position 70 in the motif 67 to 73, at HLA molecule level, could activate TH1 or TH2 cells, which would be compromised in the immunopathology of this entity. Other genetic or/and environmental factors linked to these molecular characteristics expressed at the level of the HLA molecule and compromised in the antigenic response could interact and its result would be influencing the development and the expression of JRA. Key words: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

Phosphonate Chelators for Medicinal Metal Ions

A family of phosphonate-bearing chelators was synthesized to study their potential in metal-based (radio)- pharmaceuticals. Three ligands (H6phospa, H6dipedpa, H6eppy; structures illustrated in manuscript) were fully characterized, including X-ray crystallographic structures of H6phospa and H6dipedpa. NMR spectroscopy techniques were used to confirm the complexation of each ligand with selected trivalent metal ions. These methods were particularly useful in discerning structural information for Sc3+ and La3+ complexes. Solution studies were conducted to evaluate the complex stability of 15 metal complexes. As a general trend, H6phospa was noted to form the most stable complexes, and H6eppy associated with the least stable complexes. Moreover, In3+ complexes were determined to be the most stable, and complexes with La3+ were the least stable, across all metals. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to calculate structures of H6phospa and H6dipedpa complexes with La3+ and Sc3+. A comparison of experimental 1 H NMR spectra with calculated 1 H NMR spectra using DFT-optimized structures was used as a method of structure validation. It was noted that theoretical NMR spectra were very sensitive to a number of variables, such as ligand configuration, protonation state, and the number/orientation of explicit water molecules. In general, the inclusion of an explicit second shell of water molecules qualitatively improved the agreement between theoretical and experimental NMR spectra versus a polarizable continuum solvent model alone. Formation constants were also calculated from DFT results using potential-energy optimized structures. Strong dependence of molecular free energies on explicit water molecule number, water molecule configuration, and protonation state was observed, highlighting the need for dynamic data in accurate first-principles calculations of metal−ligand stability constants

FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders : Conservative management

Peer reviewe

Isolation of HLA-DR-naturally presented peptides identifies T-cell epitopes for rheumatoid arthritis

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) immunopathogenesis revolves around the presentation of poorly characterised self-peptides by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-class II molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells to autoreactive CD4 +T cells. Here, we analysed the HLA-DR-Associated peptidome of synovial tissue (ST) and of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with synovial fluid (SF) or ST, to identify potential T-cell epitopes for RA. Methods HLA-DR/peptide complexes were isolated from RA ST samples (n=3) and monocyte-derived DCs, generated from healthy donors carrying RA-Associated shared epitope positive HLA-DR molecules and pulsed with RA SF (n=7) or ST (n=2). Peptide sequencing was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The immunostimulatory capacity of selected peptides was evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with RA (n=29) and healthy subjects (n=12) by flow cytometry. Results We identified between 103 and 888 HLA-DR-naturally presented peptides per sample. We selected 37 native and six citrullinated (cit)-peptides for stimulation assays. Six of these peptides increased the expression of CD40L on CD4 +T cells patients with RA, and specifically triggered IFN-γexpression on RA CD4 +T cells compared with healthy subjects. Finally, the frequency of IFN- 3-producing CD4 +T cells specific for a myeloperoxidase-derived peptide showed a positive correlation with disease activity. Conclusions We significantly expanded the peptide repertoire presented by HLA-DR molecules in a physiologically relevant context, identifying six new epitopes recognised by CD4 +T cells from patients with RA. This information is important for a better understanding of the disease immunopathology, as well as for designing tolerising antigen-specific immunotherapies.This study was funded by the following grants: Fondecyt 1181853, Fondef-IDeA ID15I10080; Fondef-IDeA ID15I20080, Fondef-IDeA ID18I10243, and REDES 180028, from ANID, Chile; and by Project RTI2018-097414-B-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science. Doctoral training of JM was supported by ANID-PFCHA/National Doctoral Scholarship 2018/No 21181538