Histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrase in the digestive tract and salivary glands of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus

The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is one of several cricket species with great potential to be farmed as a sustainable protein source. In order to succeed in large-scale cricket farming, knowledge of cricket digestion is essential. The digestive tract morphology of A. domesticus is well documented, but knowledge of the salivary glands is lacking. In the digestive tract of insects, the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme family is believed to contribute to the luminal pH gradient. Presence of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus has been reported, but not the cellular localisation. This study examined the digestive tract of A. domesticus, including salivary glands, and the cellular localisation and activity of CA in fed or starved (48 h) males and females. Tissues were collected from third-generation offspring of wild A. domesticus captured in Sweden and the histology of the salivary glands and the cellular localisation of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus were determined, to our knowledge for the first time. The salivary glands resembled those of grasshoppers and locusts, and we suggest the two main cell types present to be parietal and zymogenic cells. Histochemical analysis revealed that CA activity was localised in midgut epithelium, both main cell types of salivary gland, and muscle along the entire digestive tract. These findings support the suggestion that CA contributes to digestive tract luminal pH gradient, by driving acidic secretions from the salivary glands and alkaline secretions from the midgut. Starvation resulted in significantly reduced body size and weight, but neither starvation nor sex had any effect on CA activity or localisation

Identified gamification opportunities for digital patient journey solution during an arthroplasty journey : secondary analysis of patients' interviews

Aim: The use of gameful design for supporting health-related behaviours has been one of the major trends in health technology. An opportunity to increase engagement and motivation in a given health behaviour and the possibility of reaching improved outcomes through continued or consistent behaviour could be provided by gamification. This study aimed to identify gamification opportunities for digital patient journey solutions to increase patients' engagement and motivation for health-related behaviour during an arthroplasty journey. Design: A secondary analysis. Method: Semistructured interviews were performed among 20 elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasty patients in a single joint-replacement centre in Finland during autumn 2018. NVivo software was used for deductive content analysis. The study was conducted among 20 patients in a single joint replacement centre during 2018. Results: Several opportunities for gamification were identified for digital patient journey solutions, which could be used in advanced care to increase patients' engagement and motivation for health-related behaviour during the arthroplasty journey. These opportunities were identified related to five dimensions: accomplishment, challenge, guided, playfulness and social experience. Clear, scheduled, progressive and personalized goals with an activity tracking, real-time timespan visualization and social networking with peers, support networks and healthcare providers could be provided. Opportunities for competition and immersion were not identified.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Suitability of Paper-Based Substrates for Printed Electronics

Flexible plastic substrates are widely used in printed electronics; however, they cause major climate impacts and pose sustainability challenges. In recent years, paper-based electronics has been studied to increase the recyclability and sustainability of printed electronics. The aim of this paper is to analyze the printability and performance of metal conductor layers on different paper-based substrates using both flexography and screen printing and to compare the achieved performance with that of plastic foils. In addition, the re-pulpability potential of the used paper-based substrates is evaluated. As compared to the common polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, the layer conductivity on paper-based substrates was found to be improved with both the printing methods without having a large influence on the detail rendering. This means that a certain surface roughness and porosity is needed for the improved ink transfer and optimum ink behavior on the surface of the substrate. In the case of uncoated paper-based substrates, the conductivity and print quality decreased by preventing the formation of the proper and intimate ink-substrate contact during the ink transfer. Finally, the re-pulpability trials together with layer quality analysis detected very good, coated substrate candidates for paper-based printed electronics competing with or even outperforming the print quality on the reference PET foil

Restricted consonant inventories of 2-year-old Finnish children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media

Many children experience recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) in early childhood. In a previous study, 2-year-old children with RAOM were shown to have an immature neural patterns for speech sound discrimination. The present study further investigated the consonant inventories of these same children usign natural speech samples. The results showed that 2-year-old children with RAOM (N=19) produced fewer words and had smaller consonant inventories compared to healthy controls (N=21). In partucular, the number of consonants produced in medial positions of words was restricted. For places and manners of articulation, the most notable difference between the groups was observed for fricatives,which were produces less often by children with RAOM than by the controls.These results further support the asdumption that early and recurrent middle ear infections should be considered a risk factor for language development.</p

Long-term influence of recurrent acute otitis media on neural involuntary attention switching in 2-year-old children

Background: A large group of young children are exposed to repetitive middle ear infections but the effects of the fluctuating hearing sensations on immature central auditory system are not fully understood. The present study investigated the consequences of early childhood recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) on involuntary auditory attention switching. Methods: By utilizing auditory event-related potentials, neural mechanisms of involuntary attention were studied in 22-26 month-old children (N = 18) who had had an early childhood RAOM and healthy controls (N = 19). The earlier and later phase of the P3a (eP3a and lP3a) and the late negativity (LN) were measured for embedded novel sounds in the passive multi-feature paradigm with repeating standard and deviant syllable stimuli. The children with RAOM had tympanostomy tubes inserted and all the children in both study groups had to have clinically healthy ears at the time of the measurement assessed by an otolaryngologist. Results: The results showed that lP3a amplitude diminished less from frontal to central and parietal areas in the children with RAOM than the controls. This might reflect an immature control of involuntary attention switch. Furthermore, the LN latency was longer in children with RAOM than in the controls, which suggests delayed reorientation of attention in RAOM. Conclusions: The lP3a and LN responses are affected in toddlers who have had a RAOM even when their ears are healthy. This suggests detrimental long-term effects of RAOM on the neural mechanisms of involuntary attention.Peer reviewe

Generalized Slowing Rather Than Inhibition Is Associated With Language Outcomes in Both Late Talkers and Children With Typical Early Development

Purpose: While most of the children who are identified as late talkers at the age of 2 years catch up with their peers before school age, some continue to have language difficulties and will later be identified as having developmental language disorder. Our understanding of which children catch up and which do not is limited. The aim of the current study was to find out if inhibition is associated with late talker outcomes at school age.Method: We recruited 73 school-aged children (ages 7– 10 years) with a history of late talking (n = 38) or typical development (n = 35). Children completed measures of language skills and a flanker task to measure inhibition. School-age language outcome was measured as a continuous variable.Results: Our analyses did not reveal associations between inhibition and school-age language index or history of late talking. However, stronger school-age language skills were associated with shorter overall response times on the flanker task, in both congruent and incongruent trials. This effect was not modulated by history of late talking, suggesting that a relationship between general response times and language development is similar in both children with typical early language development and late talkers.Conclusions: Inhibition is not related to late talker language outcomes. However, children with better language outcomes had shorter general response times. We interpret this to reflect differences in general processing speed, suggesting that processing speed holds promise for predicting school-age language outcomes in both late talkers and children with typical early development.</div

Sustainable roll-to-roll manufactured multi-layer smart label

International audienceAbstract Sustainability in electronics has a growing importance due to, e.g. increasing electronic waste, and global and European sustainability goals. Printing technologies and use of paper as a substrate enable manufacturing of sustainable electronic devices for emerging applications, such as the multi-layer anti-counterfeit label presented in this paper. This device consisted of electrochromic display (ECD) element, NFC (near field communication) tag and circuitry, all fully roll-to-roll (R2R) printed and assembled on plastic-free paper substrate, thus leading to a sustainable and recyclable device. Our setup uses harvested energy from HF field of a smartphone or reader, to switch an electrochromic display after rectification to prove authenticity of a product. Our novelty is in upscaling the manufacturing process to be fully printable and R2R processable in high-throughput conditions simulating industrial environment, i.e. in pilot scale. The printing workflow consisted of 11 R2R printed layers, all done in sufficient quality and registration. The printed antennas showed sheet resistance values of 32.9±1.9 mΩ/sq. The final yield was almost 1500 fully printed devices, and in R2R assembly over 1400 labels were integrated with 96.5% yield. All the assembled tags were readable with mobile phone NFC reader. The optical contrast (ΔE*) measured for the ECDs was over 15 for all the printed displays, a progressive switching time with a colour change visible in less than 5 s. The smart tag is ITO-free, plastic-free, fully printed in R2R and has a good stability over 50 cycles and reversible colour change from light to dark blue

Digitaalisten palvelujen vaikutukset sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa

Selvityksen tavoitteena oli luoda ajantasainen kuva digipalvelujen vaikutuksista sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa eri toimijoiden näkökulmista. Digipalveluja hyödynnetään etenkin terveydenhuollossa, erityisesti avosairaanhoidossa asiakaspolun eri vaiheissa. Myös kotihoidossa digipalveluita hyödynnetään runsaasti. Muissa sosiaalihuollon palveluissa digipalveluja havaittiin vähemmän, erityisesti vammais- ja hoivapalveluissa. Sosiaalihuollon digipalvelut ovat myös enemmän pistemäisiä; sähköisiä hakemuksia ja lomakkeita. Digipalvelujen käyttäjät ovat pääosin tyytyväisiä palveluihin. Asiakkaille kriittistä on digipalvelujen saavutettavuus ja integraatio, etenkin jos henkilöllä on useita pitkäaikaisia sairauksia, vammoja tai toiminnanvajausta. Ammattilaisten kokemukset digipalveluista ovat osin positiivisia, mutta huolia työmäärän lisääntymisestä esiintyy. Käyttöönotoissa tulisi tehdä enemmän työtä digipalvelujen viimekätisten hyötyjen ja vaikutusten saavuttamiseksi. Palvelujärjestelmän johto kokee, että digipalvelujen vaikutusten ja vaikuttavuuden arviointia tulisi lisätä, mutta mittaaminen on haasteellista. Yksi ratkaisu on sitoa mittaaminen voimakkaammin tavoitteisiin, mikä edellyttäisi selkeämpää tavoiteasetantaa. Digipalvelujen vaikuttavuus ei juurikaan näy lainsäädännössä, ja lainsäädännössä on useita kehittämistarpeita. Lain tulkinnat aiheuttavat haasteita digipalvelujen käytölle.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa. (tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä

Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel protein-altering variants associated with serum apolipoprotein and lipid concentrations

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and diabetes impacts the lipid metabolism through multiple pathways. In addition to the standard lipid measurements, apolipoprotein concentrations provide added awareness of the burden of circulating lipoproteins. While common genetic variants modestly affect the serum lipid concentrations, rare genetic mutations can cause monogenic forms of hypercholesterolemia and other genetic disorders of lipid metabolism. We aimed to identify low-frequency protein-altering variants (PAVs) affecting lipoprotein and lipid traits. Methods: We analyzed whole-exome (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 481 and 474 individuals with type 1 diabetes, respectively. The phenotypic data consisted of 79 serum lipid and apolipoprotein phenotypes obtained with clinical laboratory measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: The single-variant analysis identified an association between the LIPC p.Thr405Met (rs113298164) and serum apolipoprotein A1 concentrations (p=7.8×10-8). The burden of PAVs was significantly associated with lipid phenotypes in LIPC, RBM47, TRMT5, GTF3C5, MARCHF10, and RYR3 (p170,000 individuals from multiple ancestries (p=0.0013). Two PAVs in GTF3C5 were highly enriched in the Finnish population and associated with cardiovascular phenotypes in the general population. In the previously known APOB gene, we identified novel associations at two protein-truncating variants resulting in lower serum non-HDL cholesterol (p=4.8×10-4), apolipoprotein B (p=5.6×10-4), and LDL cholesterol (p=9.5×10-4) concentrations. Conclusions: We identified lipid and apolipoprotein-associated variants in the previously known LIPC and APOB genes, as well as PAVs in GTF3C5 associated with LDLC, and in RBM47 associated with apolipoprotein C-III concentrations, implicated as an independent CVD risk factor. Identification of rare loss-of-function variants has previously revealed genes that can be targeted to prevent CVD, such as the LDL cholesterol-lowering loss-of-function variants in the PCSK9 gene. Thus, this study suggests novel putative therapeutic targets for the prevention of CVD. Keywords: APOB; Apolipoprotein A1; Apolipoprotein C-III; GTF3C5; LIPC; Lipidomics; MARCHF10; RBM47; RYR3; Whole-exome sequencing.Peer reviewe