Temporal trends of precipitation in Debrecen (Hungary) in the period 1901-2011

ABSTRACT The primary objective of the study is to follow-up the quantitative changes in precipitation between 1901 and 2011 in the city of Debrecen. This dataset of 111-year interval allows us to reveal the quantity and distribution of precipitation changes and modification as part of today's global climate change. The amount of annual precipitation in Debrecen showed a decreasing trend during the examined period but not significantly (~30 mm decrease in 100 years). It can be seen from each seasons that in winter and spring there are approximately no changes in the trend, while in summer an increase and in autumn about a same level decrease can be identified. Thereafter we determined the 80 % design storm, which is widely used in practice, based on the data measured in the last 30 years

Translation by Joseph Szanto of Kotlan, Sandor, Mocsy, Janos, and Vajda, Todor. 1929. A juhok coccidiosisa\u27nak okozo\u27i egy u\u27j faj kapcsa\u27n = [Coccidiosis of sheep in connection with a new species.] \u3ci\u3eAllatorvosi Lapok\u3c/i\u3e 52(23): 304-306

Translation number 4, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States Translation by Joseph Szanto of Kotlan, Sandor, Mocsy, Janos, and Vajda, Todor. 1929. A juhok coccidiosisa\u27nak okozo\u27i egy u\u27j faj kapcsa\u27n = [Coccidiosis of sheep in connection with a new species.] Allatorvosi Lapok 52(23): 304-306 Translation from Hungarian to English by Joseph Szanto of University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, July 7, 1960 (4 pages

Development of intron targeting (IT) markers for potato and cross-species amplification in Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae)

• Premise of the study: Intron Targeting (IT) primers were developed for potato using expressed sequence tags (EST) and NCBI database records to study genetic diversity. • Methods and Results: Twenty-nine polymorphic intron targeting (IT) markers were generated and characterized from 30 samples of potato and 22 samples of Solanum nigrum to detect polymorphism. The number of alleles (A) per locus ranged from 2 to 7 in the analyzed populations, and the observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) from 0 to 0.833 and 0.750, respectively. All of the primers also amplified in the related species S. nigrum. • Conclusions: The developed markers will provide valuable tools for genetic diversity analysis, genetic mapping, and marker-assisted breeding of potato and related Solanum species.Peer reviewe

Location and type of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations influence clinical characteristics and disease outcome of acute myeloid leukemia

Background: Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 are novel common genetic alterations identified in acute myeloid leukemia. Aims: To investigate the frequency, clinical associations and prognostic effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations together, followed by a detailed investigation of particular mutations. Methods: A consecutive cohort of 376 patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia were enrolled to compare clinical characteristics. Prognostic impact was analyzed for 314 patients younger than 60 years treated with curative intention. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations were screened using allele-specific PCR and high resolution melting, followed by a confirmatory sequencing. Results: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 mutations were mutually exclusive, detected in 8.5% and 7.5% of the cases respectively. Presence of mutations was associated with older age (p=0.001), higher platelet count (p=0.001), intermediate risk karyotype (p<0.0001), nucleophosmin1 mutation (p=0.022), and with lower mRNA expression level of ABCG2 gene (p=0.006), as compared to mutation negative cases. Remission, relapse rates and overall survival were not different in IDH-mutation positive patients. Interestingly, particular mutations differred in association with nucleophosmin1 mutation: co-occurrence was observed in 14.3% of R132C vs. 70% of R132H carriers (p=0.02); and in 47.4% of R140Q vs. 0% R172K carriers (p=0.02) of IDH1 and IDH2 genes, respectively. R132H negatively influenced overall survival compared to isocitrate dehidrogenase 1 and 2 negative (p=0.02) or to R132C (p=0.019) patients. Conclusions: IDH mutations are frequent recurrent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Although a general common pathogenetic role is proposed, our results indicate that differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcome may exist among disctinct mutations of both genes

A New Concept to Secure Food Safety Standards against Fusarium Species and Aspergillus Flavus and Their Toxins in Maize

Commercial maize hybrids are exposed to different degrees of ear infection by toxigenic fungal species and toxin contamination. Their resistance to different fungi and toxin relationships are largely unknown. Without this knowledge, screening and breeding are not possible for these pathogens. Seven- to tenfold differences were found in resistance to Fusarium spp., and there was a five-fold difference in ear coverage (%) in response to A. flavus. Three hybrids of the twenty entries had lower infection severity compared with the general means for toxigenic species. Three were highly susceptible to each, and 14 hybrids reacted differently to the different fungi. Differences were also observed in the toxin content. Again, three hybrids had lower toxin content in response to all toxigenic species, one had higher values for all, and 16 had variable resistance levels. Correlations between infection severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) content were 0.95 and 0.82 (p = 0.001) for F. graminearum and F. culmorum, respectively. For fumonisin and F. verticillioides ear rot, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0.45 (p = 0.05). Two independent isolates with different aggressiveness were used, and their mean X values better described the resistance levels. This increased the reliability of the data. With the introduction of this methodological concept (testing the resistance levels separately for different fungi and with two isolates independently), highly significant resistance differences were found. The resistance to different fungal species correlated only in certain cases; thus, each should be tested separately. This is very useful in registration tests and post-registration screening and breeding. This would allow a rapid increase in food and feed safety