Les burins du niveau supérieur du site de Verberie - Le Buisson Campin (France): De la gestion des supports à l'utilisation des outils : un pragmatisme bien tempéré

21 pagesInternational audienceThe burins of the upper level II.1 of the Magdalenian open air site of Verberie (Oise, France) are predominantly manufactured on blades, mostly on Santonian flint (for 76% of them), a flint commonly used at Verberie for robust tools such as becs and burins. There is no predetermination for blanks, but an "a posteriori" selection can be observed, based upon morphometrical criteria and the quality of the flint grain. The low variations of the width/thickness ratio also indicate some homogeneity of the calibre. Symmetrical and asymmetrical dihedral burins predominate in a corpus that eventually appears very homogenous. They mostly grooved and scraped antler and/or bone material. Perforating bone or antler or grooving or scraping other materials only concern a very small percentage of them. Several burins were used as blades for working hide before being retouched into burins. Their spatial distribution is focused on hearths, mostly around hearth D1. Burin spalls have a similar distribution, more widely spread out because they are much more numerous. These distributions are similar to the backed bladelets distribution because of the technical complementarity between these categories of artefacts. Other tools do not exhibit a similar distribution, particularly the scrapers and hide working blades that are mostly scattered away from the hearths.Les burins du niveau supérieur II.1 du site magdalénien de plein air de Verberie (Oise) sont majoritairement façonnés sur des lames, à 76% en silex santonien, le plus utilisé pour des outils robustes comme les becs et les burins. Il n'existe pas de prédétermination des supports. On observe toutefois une sélection a posteriori qui repose sur des critères morphométriques et sur la qualité du silex. Les faibles variations du rapport largeur/épaisseur indiquent également une certaine homogénéité du calibre. Les burins dièdres d'axe et dièdres déjetés dominent très largement un corpus qui s'avère finalement très homogène. Ils ont surtout rainuré et raclé du bois de renne ou de l'os ; perforation sur matières osseuse et raclage ou rainurage d'autres matériaux n'interviennent qu'à la marge. En revanche, quelques d'entre eux ont été utilisés préalablement comme lames pour travailler la peau. Du point de vue spatial, ils sont très majoritairement répartis autour des foyers, principalement le foyer D1. Les chutes de burin ont une répartition analogue mais étalée sur une plus large surface en raison de leur très grand nombre. Ces répartitions sont très similaires à celle des lamelles à dos, en raison de leur complémentarité technique: les autres outils ne montrent pas une telle répartition, notamment les grattoirs et les lames à travailler la peau qui sont dans leur majorité à l'écart des foyers

Débitage, matière première et utilisations des becs sur le site de Verberie "Le Buisson Campin" (Oise) dans le Nord de la France

Die technische und funktionale Analyse der in der oberen Schicht des offenen Magdalénien-Fundplatzes von Verberie "Le Buisson Campin" (Oise) gefundenen Klingen und Klingenspitzen erlaubte das Aufzeigen einer differenzierten Produktion und Verwendung dieser Werkzeuge. Während der weniger widerstandsfähige campanische Silex auf eher geraden und schmalen Halterungen befestigt wurde und zum Durchstechen verwendet wurde, f and der satonische Silex Verwendung in der Produktion von Klingen auf robusten und breiteren Leisten, die zum Bohren benutzt wurden, was durch die Bruchstellen und auch die Abnutzungsspuren bewiesen wird.The functional analysis of all the becs and becs tips from the upper level of the Magdalenian site of Verberie "Le Buisson Campin" (Oise) sheds light on a differential production and use of these tools. The Campanian flint was used to produce thin and narrow blades used for piercing while the more tenacious Santonian flint was used to produced bees on wider and robust blades that were used for boring as demonstrated by breakages as well as microwear traces.L'analyse technologique et fonctionnelle des becs et rostres de becs retrouvés dans le niveau supérieur du site magdalénien de plein air de Verberie "Le Buisson Campin" (Oise) a permis de montrer une production et une utilisation différentielle de ces outils. Tandis que le silex campanien, moins résistant, a été utilisé pour des becs sur supports plus étroits et minces servant à percer, le silex santonien a été utilisé pour produire des becs sur lames robustes et épaisses qui ont servi à aléser comme le montrent les fractures aussi bien que les traces d'usage.Beyries Sylvie, Janny Frédéric, Audouze Françoise. Débitage, matière première et utilisations des becs sur le site de Verberie "Le Buisson Campin" (Oise) dans le Nord de la France. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial 22, 2005. Hommages à Claudine Pommepuy. pp. 15-24

Organ-on-Chip In Development: Towards a roadmap for Organs-on-Chip

Organ-on-Chip is considered a potentially game-changing technology born from the convergence of tissue engineering and microfluidic technology. Organ-on-Chip devices (OoCs) are expected to offer effective solutions to persisting problems in drug development and personalized disease treatments. This opinion paper surveys the current landscape in research, development, application and market opportunities for OoCs towards establishing a global and multi-stakeholder OoC eco-system. Based on panel discussions held at the Vision Workshop (Stuttgart, 23 May 2018) organized by the EU ORCHID consortium, as well as on additional bibliometric study, market analysis and expert interviews conducted within the EU ORCHID project, we outline perceived unmet needs, key challenges, barriers and perspectives of the field. We finally propose recommendations to-wards the definition of a comprehensive roadmap that could render OoCs realistic models of hu-man (patho)physiology in the near future

Organ-on-Chip In Development: Towards a roadmap for Organs-on-Chip

Organ-on-Chip is considered a potentially game-changing technology born from the convergence of tissue engineering and microfluidic technology. Organ-on-Chip devices (OoCs) are expected to offer effective solutions to persisting problems in drug development and personalized disease treatments. This opinion paper surveys the current landscape in research, development, application and market opportunities for OoCs towards establishing a global and multi-stakeholder OoC eco-system. Based on panel discussions held at the Vision Workshop (Stuttgart, 23 May 2018) organized by the EU ORCHID consortium, as well as on additional bibliometric study, market analysis and expert interviews conducted within the EU ORCHID project, we outline perceived unmet needs, key challenges, barriers and perspectives of the field. We finally propose recommendations to-wards the definition of a comprehensive roadmap that could render OoCs realistic models of hu-man (patho)physiology in the near future.greenElectronic Components, Technology and Material

Building blocks for a European Organ-on-Chip roadmap

This paper summarizes the outcome of the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) ORCHID Strategy workshop (Leiden, the Netherlands, 17 January 2019) intended to establish a European OoC roadmap through expert discussions, conclusions and recommendations. The workshop identified six specific building blocks for the OoC roadmap: (1) application, (2) specification, (3) qualification, (4) standardization, (5) production and upscaling, and (6) adoption. Complementary aspects relating to ethics and communication were also addressed. Priorities, methods and targets for the roadmap were proposed for each building block. General consensus was reached on the potential contribution of the newly founded European Organ-on-Chip Society (EUROoCS), which could facilitate deployment of each block. EUROoCS would ideally initiate and catalyze dialogue between OoC developers, end users and regulators. The dialogue should address qualification, open technology platforms, standardization and implementation of OoC technology, as well as ethical aspects of human tissue mimics, training the next generation of OoC researchers, dissemination and communication

Transplantation

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT) but the specific impact of rapidly resolving AKI is not elucidated. This study investigates the factors associated with early recovery from AKI and its association with post-LT outcomes. Retrospective analysis of 441 liver transplant recipients with end-stage liver disease without pretransplant renal impairment. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria and early renal recovery by its disappearance within 7 days post-LT. 146 patients (32%) developed a post-LT AKI, of whom 99 (69%) recovered early and 45 (31%) did not. Factors associated with early recovery were KDIGO stage 1 (OR:14.11; 95%CI:5.59-40.22; P50 % (OR:4.50; 95%CI:1.67-13.46; P=0.003) and AST peak value <1000 U/L (OR:4.07; 95%CI:1.64-10.75; P=0.002) within 48h post-LT. Patients with early recovery had a renal prognosis similar to that of patients without AKI with no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate between D7 and one year. Their relative risk of developing CKD was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.55-1.41; P=0.6) with survival identical to patients without AKI and better than patients without early recovery (P<0.0001). Most patients with post-LT AKI recover early and have a similar renal prognosis and survival to those without post-LT AKI. Factors associated with early renal recovery are related to the stage of AKI, the extent of liver injury and the early graft function. Patients at risk of not recovering may benefit the most from perioperative protective strategies, particularly those aimed at minimising the adverse effects of CNI

Building blocks for a European Organ-on-Chip roadmap

International audienc

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes