Automaattisten pariovien toteutus ohjelmoitavalla logiikalla

Opinnäytetyön aiheena oli suunnitella ja rakentaa automaattisesti toimivat autotallin moottoroidut pariovet. Ovien ohjausta varten piti suunnitella ja rakentaa ohjausjärjestelmä. Järjestelmään ohjausyksiköksi valikoitui ohjelmoitava logiikka Omron CJ2M-CPU31. Ohjauskomponenteiksi valittiin Omron V680 RF-ID lukija, sekä netistä ostettu kaukosäädinsarja. Jotta ovet olisivat täysin automaattiset valittiin sulkukäskyn antajaksi valokennoanturi Omron E3FA-R21, joka ilmoittaa auton läsnäolotiedon logiikalle. Moottoreiksi valikoitui JJ-PKM-C01. Ohjelmointyökaluna työssä oli Om-ron CX-Programmer. Kyseiset komponentit valikoituivat käyttöön allekirjoittaneen työpaikan takia

Developing Local Social Applications on Mobile Devices

Recently online social services have began to utilize the location of a mobile device to find more relevant information for the user. Mobile devices have had capacity for inexpensive wireless communication between neighbor devices, but the technology has not been popular among users due to technical problems and missing applications. This thesis studies possibilities of using direct communication for local social networking. First, the requirements and use cases are derived for local social applications, and an application design is presented which fulfills the requirements. Secondly, a simulation model is described for testing applications that utilize direct communication. The simulation models the movement of a large population in an urban area. The design was evaluated in a user trial with 250 participants, and the trial participants named local conversations as the most important feature. The simulation model was compared to the user trial and it was found to match the behaviour of the people

Effects of medially posted insoles on foot and lower limb mechanics across walking and running in overpronating men

Anti-pronation orthoses, like medially posted insoles (MPI), have traditionally been used to treat various of lower limb problems. Yet, we know surprisingly little about their effects on overall foot motion and lower limb mechanics across walking and running, which represent highly different loading conditions. To address this issue, multi-segment foot and lower limb mechanics was examined among 11 over-pronating men with normal (NORM) and MPI insoles during walking (self-selected speed 1.70 +/- 0.19 m/s vs 1.72 +/- 0.20 m/s, respectively) and running (4.04 +/- 0.17 m/s vs 4.10 +/- 0.13 m/s, respectively). The kinematic results showed that MPI reduced the peak forefoot eversion movement in respect to both hindfoot and tibia across walking and running when compared to NORM (p <0.05-0.01). No differences were found in hindfoot eversion between conditions. The kinetic results showed no insole effects in walking, but during running MPI shifted center of pressure medially under the foot (p <0.01) leading to an increase in frontal plane moments at the hip (p <0.05) and knee (p <0.05) joints and a reduction at the ankle joint (p <0.05). These findings indicate that MPI primarily controlled the forefoot motion across walking and running. While kinetic response to MPI was more pronounced in running than walking, kinematic effects were essentially similar across both modes. This suggests that despite higher loads placed upon lower limb during running, there is no need to have a stiffer insoles to achieve similar reduction in the forefoot motion than in walking. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Running in highly cushioned shoes increases leg stiffness and amplifies impact loading

Running shoe cushioning has become a standard method for managing impact loading and consequent injuries due to running. However, despite decades of shoe technology developments and the fact that shoes have become increasingly cushioned, aimed to ease the impact on runners' legs, running injuries have not decreased. To better understand the shoe cushioning paradox, we examined impact loading and the spring-like mechanics of running in a conventional control running shoe and a highly cushioned maximalist shoe at two training speeds, 10 and 14.5 km/h. We found that highly cushioned maximalist shoes alter spring-like running mechanics and amplify rather than attenuate impact loading. This surprising outcome was more pronounced at fast running speed (14.5 km/h), where ground reaction force impact peak and loading rate were 10.7% and 12.3% greater, respectively, in the maximalist shoe compared to the conventional shoe, whereas only a slightly higher impact peak (6.4%) was found at the 10 km/h speed with the maxima list shoe. We attribute the greater impact loading with the maximalist shoes to stiffer leg during landing compared to that of running with the conventional shoes. These discoveries may explain why shoes with more cushioning do not protect against impact-related running injuries.Peer reviewe

Integrated land ecosystem–atmosphere processes study (iLEAPS) assessment of global observational networks

Long-term, continuous observations are needed for Earth system investigations and evaluation of simulations. The atmospheric and ecological communities have independently established field sites that have been running for many decades and are integrated into global networks. In the past decade, the importance of long-term observational networks focused on land ecosystem-atmosphere exchange, and the processes controlling land-atmosphere coupling, had been increasingly recognized and has led to the building of a global network of water, carbon and energy flux sites. This is an important step but further enhancements are necessary in order to quantify all of the land-atmosphere processes that need to be included in Earth system models. This paper describes the current land ecosystem-atmosphere measurement capabilities and presents the status and needs for global observational networks

Mobile ground-based measurements of aerosol and trace gases during a prescribed burning experiment in boreal forest in Finland

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Knowledge transfer of climate-ecosystem-interactions between science and society — Introducing the Climate Whirl concept

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Atmospheric and ecosystem big data providing key contributions in reaching United Nations' sustainable development goals

Big open data comprising comprehensive, long-term atmospheric and ecosystem in-situ observations will give us tools to meet global grand challenges and to contribute towards sustainable development. United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) provide framework for the process. We present synthesis on how Station for Measuring Earth Surface-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) observation network can contribute to UN SDGs. We describe SMEAR II flagship station in Hyytiala, Finland. With more than 1200 variables measured in an integrated manner, we can understand interactions and feedbacks between biosphere and atmosphere. This contributes towards understanding impacts of climate change to natural ecosystems and feedbacks from ecosystems to climate. The benefits of SMEAR concept are highlighted through outreach project in Eastern Lapland utilizing SMEAR I observations from Varrio research station. In contrast to boreal environment, SMEAR concept was also deployed in Beijing. We underline the benefits of comprehensive observations to gain novel insights into complex interactions between densely populated urban environment and atmosphere. Such observations enable work towards solving air quality problems and improve the quality of life inside megacities. The network of comprehensive stations with various measurements will enable science-based decision making and support sustainable development by providing long-term view on spatio-temporal trends on atmospheric composition and ecosystem parameters.Peer reviewe

Physical activity and health-related quality of life among high-risk women for type 2 diabetes in the early years after pregnancy

Background Previous studies have shown that physical activity (PA) correlates positively with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population. Few studies have investigated associations between device-measured PA and HRQoL among premenopausal women at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to physical well-being, general well-being improved by PA has been suggested to strengthen PA's benefits in reducing metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between PA and HRQoL (general and dimensions) among high-risk women in the early post-pregnancy years when T2D risk is highest and to estimate whether current obesity or prior gestational diabetes (GDM) modified these associations. Methods This cross-sectional study of high-risk women [body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m(2) and/or prior GDM)]4-6 years after delivery measured sleep, sedentary time, daily steps, and light (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), and vigorous PA (VPA) with the SenseWear ArmbandTM accelerometer for seven days and HRQoL with the 15D instrument. Results The analyses included 204 women with a median (IQR) age of 39 (6.0) years and a median BMI of 31.1 kg/m(2) (10.9). 54% were currently obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)), and 70% had prior gestational diabetes (GDM+). Women with obesity had lower PA levels than women with normal weight or overweight (p = 30 kg/m(2)), the associations remained significant only in women without obesity. Among them, sleep, total steps, MVPA, and VPA were positively associated with 15D. Conclusions Higher PA levels are associated with better HRQoL among high-risk women with normal weight and overweight but no differences were found among women affected by obesity in the early years after pregnancy. Trial registration Ethics committees of Helsinki University Hospital (Dnro 300/e9/06) and South Karelian Central Hospital (Dnro 06/08).Peer reviewe