CHEST X-RAY IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTED-PEDIATRICS: A CASE SERIES REVIEW

In 2017, Indonesia had 4.950 new cases of HIV infection in pediatrics. In HIV, a chest x-ray is generally used to determine the Opportunistic Infections (OIs) to accelerate treatment. There are differences in the projections and the typical features on chest x-ray in each OI. The research aims to study the projections and the role of pediatric chest x-ray examination in HIV. This is a descriptive qualitative research design with a case series. In this series, 5 pediatric patients with HIV infection are described with tuberculosis, pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. A chest x-ray in pediatrics is the most accessible investigation for respiratory disease and has an important role in the initial assessment and the follow-up of respiratory disease in HIV-infected children. It is recommended that a pediatric chest x-ray should be carried out with PA projection to obtain more optimal results. Pediatrics with clinical HIV infection can employ chest x-rays to find typical features of bilateral hilar adenopathy in cases of TB, focal and multifocal parenchymal abnormalities in cases of pneumonia, or dilated and thickened airways that appear as ring shadows or tramways in bronchiectasis

Reject Analysis of Extraoral Dental Radiography Examination at The Dental Hospital in Semarang, Indonesia

Film rejection analysis is the process of calculating repeated exposure and determining the causes of repetition, so that they can be minimized or even eliminated. This study aims to determine the rejection ratio of films from extraoral dental radiography examinations, as well as the causes of each rejection percentage and efforts to reduce it. This study has a quantitative model with a descriptive approach. The research was conducted at the Radiodiagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang in January-June 2022 with a total number of 232 radiographic film data. There were 4 radiographs that were rejected with the factors causing patient movement (50%), patient position (25%), and modality settings (25%). The film rejection ratio in the Radio-diagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang is 1.7% (< 2%) so that a repair program is not needed

MRI Otak Demensia: Protokol RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

Background: The procedure for examining brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical dementia at the Radiology Installation of RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta used T2W, 3D FLAIR, 3D FFE ADNI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequences.  The selection of this sequence was in accordance with the existing references, but was added with the SWI sequence. This study aims to determine the MRI brain examination in clinical dementia and to find out the reason for the addition of the SWI sequence.Methods: This type of research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Data was collected by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data transcription, data reduction, data presentation and carried out discussions and drawing conclusions.Results: The results of the study stated that the measurement of brain volume was carried out by entering the raw data of the T1 FFE ADNI sequence image into the freesurfer software which was useful for assessing Alzheimer's dementia.Conclusions: The diagnosis is made by looking for bleeding and microbleeding using the SWI sequence in assessing vascular dementia. SWI sequences are useful in differentiating between calcification and microbleeding causing vascular dementia

Innovation of Dental X-Ray Holder Using Silicone Rubber Coating in Posterior Dental Periapical Intraoral Examination

The major drawback of the parallel periapical examination technique is that the holder used can damage the oral tissues and cause discomfort to the patient. The objective of this study is to determine the work efficiency and radiographic quality of the innovative dental x-ray holder which has been made by adding synthetic rubber or silicone to the part of the holder that is in direct contact with the patient. This research is an experimental with a post-test only design. The analysis was performed based on filling out the questionnaire on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4. With the criteria 1. Disagree, 2. Sometimes, 3. Agree and 4. Strongly Agree. The test was administered by comparing the holder made with the commonly used Aphrodite holder as a control group. There were 16 repetitions of exposure to the cadaveric skull in obtaining research data for each treatment group. The results of statistical work efficiency testing on the control group resulted in a value of B = 0.125 with a significance of 0.071 and an effect of 10.5%. Meanwhile, for testing the quality of radiographic image, the value of B = 0.125 with a significance of 0.014 and an effect of 18.5% was obtained. The innovative dental x-ray holder using a silicone rubber layer is efficient and the resulting radiographic image quality is good when used in the intraoral examination.The major drawback of the parallel periapical examination technique is that the holder used can damage the oral tissues and cause discomfort to the patient. The objective of this study is to determine the work efficiency and radiographic quality of the innovative dental x-ray holder which has been made by adding synthetic rubber or silicone to the part of the holder that is in direct contact with the patient. This research is an experimental with a post-test only design. The analysis was performed based on filling out the questionnaire on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4. With the criteria 1. Disagree, 2. Sometimes, 3. Agree and 4. Strongly Agree. The test was administered by comparing the holder made with the commonly used Aphrodite holder as a control group. There were 16 repetitions of exposure to the cadaveric skull in obtaining research data for each treatment group. The results of statistical work efficiency testing on the control group resulted in a value of B = 0.125 with a significance of 0.071 and an effect of 10.5%. Meanwhile, for testing the quality of radiographic image, the value of B = 0.125 with a significance of 0.014 and an effect of 18.5% was obtained. The innovative dental x-ray holder using a silicone rubber layer is efficient and the resulting radiographic image quality is good when used in the intraoral examination

UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN CEK KESEHATAN SEBAGAI APLIKASI GERMAS

Salah satu Program Indonesia Sehat yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup adalah program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan pada lansia melalui peningkatan aktifitas fisik yaitu melalui senam lansia kebugaran. Upaya ini dapat dicapai melalui aplikasi program gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat (GERMAS). GERMAS merupakan usaha sadar dari masyarakat untuk berperilaku sehat, mandiri dan produktif sehingga tercapai kesehatan dan kesejahteraan yang optimal. Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang menyelenggarakan program pengabdian sebagai aplikasi GERMAS yang tidak hanya berfokus pada peningkatan aktifitas fisik saja, melainkan cek kesehatan sebagai skrining penyakit tidak menular bagi kelompok berisiko khususnya lansia, serta melakukan konseling dan pendidikan kesehatan dengan mengundang pakar kesehatan di bidangnya. Kegiatan berlangsung selama tiga bulan dengan sasaran 65 orang lansia di Kelompok Binaan Lansia Sehati Pudak Payung dan Pedalangan. Diharapkan program pengabdian ini dapat terus berlanjut secara swadaya oleh masyarakat, meskipun pengabdian ini telah selesai

FAKTOR DETERMINAN KOLIMASI, UKURAN IMAGING PLATE DAN DELAY TIME PROCESSING TERHADAP EXPOSURE INDEX

Exposure index merupakan parameter yang penting terhadap kualitas citra, meskipun bukan merupakan hal teknis yang dapat menentukan dosis pada pasien, tetapi menjadi rujukan dalam mengestimasi dosis yang diterima oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai exposure index dengan menggunakan phantom thoraks. Faktor yang diteliti meliputi kolimasi, ukuran imaging plate yang digunakan serta delay time processing. Penelitian kuantitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan eksperimen. Ukuran kolimasi yang digunakan meliputi dua ukuran yaitu 35x35 cm dan 35x43 cm. Untuk luasan kolimasi menggunakan lima variasi ukuran yaitu 30x30 cm, 30x35 cm, 35x35 cm, 30x40 cm, dan 35x43 cm. Delay time processing sebesar 0 menit, 10 menit, dan 20 menit. Semua data nilai exposure index dicatat untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan data dan dilakukan analisis dengan uji korelasi. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa delay time processing memberikan pengaruh yang dominan dibandingkan dengan variabel yang lain, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000&lt;0.05, sedangkan besar pengaruh adalah 73%. Adapun ukuran imaging plate yang digunakan tidak memberikan efek yang jelas terhadap perubahan nilai exposure index. Faktor kolimasi memberikan pengaruh sebesar 49%, sedangkan untuk ukuran imaging plate tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh terhadap exposure index.</p

POLTEKKES KEMENKES SEMARANG WUJUDKAN GAYA HIDUP SEHAT MELALUI SOSIALISASI GERAKAN MASYARAKAT HIDUP SEHAT (GERMAS) DI JAWA TENGAH

Meningkatnya kasus penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di Indonesia tentunya memerlukan penanganan yang membutuhkan biaya cukup besar dan tindakan perawatan yang optimal. Diperlukan upaya yang signifikan dalam mencegah PTM dengan mendorong produktifitas masyarakat yang baik secara sosial dan ekonomi. Pola hidup masyarakat yang cenderung kurang aktif, konsumsi rokok dan alkohol, obesitas serta kurangnya konsumsi sayur dan buah dapat menjadi risiko penyakit PTM. Keterlibatan pemerintah dalam menggalakkan upaya promotif dan preventif melalui gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat ini menjadi salah satu upaya yang mendorong masyarakat untuk memiliki gaya hidup sehat. Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan germas ini sebagai penyelenggara yang melibatkan seluruh komponen, baik pemerintah pusat maupun daerah, sektor non-pemerintah dan masayarakat. Kegiatan germas ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakan akan pentingnya hidup sehat

RADIATION DOSE AND ANATOMICAL INFORMATION IN SACRUM BONE EXAMINATION WITH AP AND AXIAL AP PROJECTIONS

The projections for the sacrum are axial anteroposterior with the beam 15 degrees toward the cephalad, and axial posteroanterior in the direction of the beam 15 degrees caudally. Some practitioners take steps to examine the sacrum with AP projections in a perpendicular beam direction. Around the sacrum are reproductive organs that are sensitive to radiation, so it is necessary to select the right projection to reduce the radiation dose and show clear anatomical information. This study aims to determine the projection of an examination that produces clear anatomical information at a minimal dose. This is an experimental study with one shot post-test only. Samples in the form of radiographs were obtained from perpendicular AP and axial AP projections assessed by radiologists regarding the clarity of anatomical information. The radiation dose was measured using TLD on the ovaries and gonads. Data were analyzed by t-test and Wilcoxon test with an error level of 5%. The AP axial projection shows better anatomical information than the perpendicular AP projection. The axial AP projection shows a smaller dose of the ovaries and gonads. There is a difference in anatomical information between AP and axial AP projections with a p-value = 0.017. There was a difference in radiation dose between AP and axial AP projections on the right ovary (p-value = 0.002), left ovary (p-value less than 0.001) and gonads (p-value = 0.008)

KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF BERPERAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI

Komunikasi merupakan hal yang penting untuk mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan sertaditujukan untuk mengubah perilaku pasien dalam rangka mencapai kesehatan optimal. Salah satufaktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien adalah adanya komunikasi yang terjalin antararadiografer dengan pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan gambaran komunikasiefektif dan menjelaskan pengaruh komunikasi efektif dengan kepuasan pasien di InstalasiRadiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Kuesionerdibagikan kepada 50 orang responden yang komunikatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satuInstalasi Radiologi terbesar di Jawa Tengah. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dananalisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa humble merupakan faktordominan dengan nilai mean sebesar 9,48 ± 0,995. Hasil uji F menyatakan bahwa respect, empathy,audible, clarity, dan humble secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien dengan sig.0,000. Namun, hasil uji t untuk respect dan emphaty tidak terbukti berpengaruh secara signifikanterhadap kepuasan pasien. Besarnya kontribusi komunikasi efektif terhadap kepuasan pasiensebesar 78,1%.</p

IMPROVING BITEWING RADIOGRAPHY: EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF A DENTAL X-RAY POSITIONER ON IMAGE QUALITY IN DENTAL EXAMINATIONS

Bitewing radiography is a valuable tool in detecting and monitoring dental decay and other oral health problems and is typically performed as part of a routine dental examination. It has certain limitations that should be considered. Some of these limitations may cause discomfort or pain to the patient if not positioned correctly. Some patients may find biting down on the film holder difficult or have a strong gag reflex, making the procedure uncomfortable or even impossible. Bitewing radiography can be costly, especially if it needs to be performed regularly, which may limit access to this diagnostic tool for some patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a dental X-ray positioner with a silicone layer on the quality of radiographic images in posterior bitewing dental examinations. Using this positioner was expected to improve the precision of radiographic interpretation and subsequent patient treatment. The study used a multivariate general linear model to analyze the data obtained from radiographic images using the X-ray positioner with the silicone layer and the conventional X-ray positioner. The results showed no significant difference in image quality between the two positioners, indicating that adding the silicone layer did not significantly improve image quality. However, using any X-ray positioner is still beneficial in ensuring accurate radiographic interpretation and subsequent patient treatment