Open Access Journals in Serbia: Policies and Practices

This study is the result of the project Revisiting Open Access Journal Policies and Practices in Serbia, funded through the EIFL Open Access Programme. The project was implemented by the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition – KoBSON between 22 March 2016 and 22 January 2017

The effect of simvastatin in pancreas of diabetic rats

Growing evidences suggest that statins exert several cholesterol-independent pleiotropic effects in diabetes, but there is no consensus whether they are positive or negative. To shed more light on this issue, we examined the effect of simvastatin on β-cell regeneration in a diabetic state. Diabetes was induced in male Mill Hill rats with a single alloxan dose (120 mg/kg). Both non-diabetic and diabetic groups were additionally separated into two subgroups: treated with simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day, i.g., 12 days) and control. Treatment of diabetic animals started after diabetes induction (glucose level ≥ 12 mmol/L). Our findings revealed that there is no increase in the area of insulin-immunopositive cells neither normalization of serum insulin level after simvastatin treatment of diabetic animals, although simvastatin increased nuclear immunopositivity for pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The data from this study suggest that 12-day treatment with simvastatin did not improve diabetes- induced disturbances in β-cell mass/function

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER DELIVERY

It is well known that physical activity and proper diet can have beneficial effects on health improvement, as a prevention and as a therapy of chronic non-communicable diseases. Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman. Therefore, you often ask yourself whether it is advisable to exercise during pregnancy, when and how much? This review article, by analyzing the available literature data, has tried to explain what form of physical activity is recommended during pregnancy, depending on the period of pregnancy, under what conditions pregnant women should exercise, what forms of physical activity they should avoid and when they should not to practice it. In addition, we analyzed the role of physical activity in the prevention of gestational diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Following the recommendations of the FITT principle outlined in this paper, controlled exercise conditions with a specialized trainer and nutritionist, regular moderate physical activity adapted to different periods of pregnancy, undoubtedly contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system of the pregnant woman, better control of her body weight and improvement of her psychological state

Uspešnost u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa Multiplom sklerozom

Multipla skleroza je hronično, autoimuno, inflamatorno, demijelinizaciono oboljenje centralnog nervnog sistema, i jedan je od najčešćih uzroka invalidnosti u kategoriji mlađih odraslih osoba (Compston, Ebers, Lassmann, McDonald, Matthews & Wekerle, 1988). S obzirom da multipla skleroza tokom vremena vodi do većeg stepena invalidnosti, ove osobe se između ostalog suočavaju sa različitim problemima u pokretljivosti, a time i u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Cilj istraživanja je bilo ispitivanje doživljaja uspešnosti u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa multiplom sklerozom. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 10 ispitanika, ženskog pola, starosti od 38 do 65 godina. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2017. godine u Beogradu u Udruženju osoba sa multiplom sklerozom. U radu je primenjen kvalitativni istraživački pristup. Podaci su prikupljeni putem polustrukturisanog intrvjua, a analiza dobijenih podataka je izvršena primenom interpretativne fenomenološke analize. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se ispitanici nose sa različitim problemima u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Kretanje je otežano, pa je potrebno mnogo više vremena i energije koja se svakog dana razlikuje kako bi osoba mogla da obavi neku radnju. Ispitanici prolaze kroz bol, tugu i ljutnju zbog gubitka sposobnosti i nemogućenosti da obavljaju aktivnosti i nastave život na način na koji su to ranije činili. Doživljaj gubitka ima za posledicu i promenu slike o sebi. Prednost u rehabilitaciji osoba sa multiplom sklerozom treba dati multidisciplinaranom pristupu uz primenu različitih vrsta terapija. Značajno bi bilo obezbediti informacije o novim terapijama i edukovanje o njihovom značaju i primeni. Omogućavanje servisa podrške u kući značajno bi olakšalo obavljanje aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa multiplom sklerizom

Uspešnost u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa Multiplom sklerozom

Multipla skleroza je hronično, autoimuno, inflamatorno, demijelinizaciono oboljenje centralnog nervnog sistema, i jedan je od najčešćih uzroka invalidnosti u kategoriji mlađih odraslih osoba (Compston, Ebers, Lassmann, McDonald, Matthews & Wekerle, 1988). S obzirom da multipla skleroza tokom vremena vodi do većeg stepena invalidnosti, ove osobe se između ostalog suočavaju sa različitim problemima u pokretljivosti, a time i u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Cilj istraživanja je bilo ispitivanje doživljaja uspešnosti u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa multiplom sklerozom. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 10 ispitanika, ženskog pola, starosti od 38 do 65 godina. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2017. godine u Beogradu u Udruženju osoba sa multiplom sklerozom. U radu je primenjen kvalitativni istraživački pristup. Podaci su prikupljeni putem polustrukturisanog intrvjua, a analiza dobijenih podataka je izvršena primenom interpretativne fenomenološke analize. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se ispitanici nose sa različitim problemima u obavljanju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Kretanje je otežano, pa je potrebno mnogo više vremena i energije koja se svakog dana razlikuje kako bi osoba mogla da obavi neku radnju. Ispitanici prolaze kroz bol, tugu i ljutnju zbog gubitka sposobnosti i nemogućenosti da obavljaju aktivnosti i nastave život na način na koji su to ranije činili. Doživljaj gubitka ima za posledicu i promenu slike o sebi. Prednost u rehabilitaciji osoba sa multiplom sklerozom treba dati multidisciplinaranom pristupu uz primenu različitih vrsta terapija. Značajno bi bilo obezbediti informacije o novim terapijama i edukovanje o njihovom značaju i primeni. Omogućavanje servisa podrške u kući značajno bi olakšalo obavljanje aktivnosti svakodnevnog života osoba sa multiplom sklerizom

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON EDUCATION – BALANCING ADVANCEMENTS AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

 The primacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has become increasingly relevant in recent times, aiming to facilitate the easier acquisition of material. There is a growing emphasis on the implementation of AI and the search for ways to incorporate it into everyday work. However, this story brings into play ethical, copyright, and many other rights. The text discusses the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, emphasizing its potential benefits and ethical challenges. It explores the use of models like Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) to enhance learning processes, yet highlights concerns related to transparency and ethics

Relation of Redox and Structural Alterations of Rat Skin in the Function of Chronological Aging

Accumulation of oxidative insults on molecular and supramolecular levels could compromise renewal potency and architecture in the aging skin. To examine and compare morphological and ultrastructural changes with redox alterations during chronological skin aging, activities of antioxidant defense (AD) enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TR), and methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), and the markers of oxidative damage of biomolecules—4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG)—were examined in the rat skin during life (from 3 days to 21 months). As compared to adult 3-month-old skin, higher activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and GR and a decline in expression of MsrA are found in 21-month-old skin. These changes correspond to degenerative changes at structural and ultrastructural levels in epidermal and dermal compartments, low proliferation capacity, and higher levels of HNE-modified protein aldehydes (particularly in basal lamina) and 8-oxoG positivity in nuclei and mitochondria in the sebaceous glands and root sheath. In 3-day-old skin, higher activities of AD enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, and TR) and MsrA expression correspond to intensive postnatal development and proliferation. In contrast to 21-month-old skin, a high level of HNE in young skin is not accompanied by 8-oxoG positivity or any morphological disturbances. Observed results indicate that increased activity of AD enzymes in elderly rat skin represents the compensatory response to accumulated oxidative damage of DNA and proteins, accompanied by attenuated repair and proliferative capacity, but in young rats the redox changes are necessary and inherent with processes which occur during postnatal skin development. Мorphological and ultrastructurаl changes are in line with the redox profile in the skin of young and old rats

Višejedarna Rhizoctonia sp. - patogen šećerne repe i osetljivost sorti u polju

Sugar beet root rot has severely occurred in our country recently, especially in localities of Pazova, Pećinci, Ruma, Sremska Mitrovica and Šid. From diseased roots as well as from soil collected from the localities where decay occurred, fungal isolates were obtained by bait plant method. Based on their characteristics, they were identified as multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. During the year of 2004 in Mitrosrem trial field T-11, where the presence of multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. was confirmed, an experiment under the coordination of Committee for Acknowledgement and Registration of New Cultivars in our country was conducted in order to determine cultivars' tolerance, i.e. their susceptibility and possibility for growing on infested fields. Six cultivars of sugar beet, Laetitia (as standard) and five new ones were included in the investigation. The trial was conducted in accordance with the established and accepted method (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources, Republic of Serbia). Susceptibility of investigated cultivars was evaluated according to significant production characteristics root yield, sugar content, corrected sugar content, thick juice Q, molasses sugar, content of K, Na and amino-N, polarized sugar yield and white sugar yield, as it was recommended by the method. Conducted investigations have revealed that tested sugar beet cultivars showed different reactions to natural infection with multinucleate Rhizoctonia sp. Concerning root yield as the most important agricultural characteristic, statistically significantly higher yield was obtained with the cultivar under code mark 5 (61.120 kg/ha) whereas the cultivar marked under code 6 had significantly lower yield comparing to the standard (38.100 kg/ha).Poslednjih godina uočeno je masovno propadanje šećerne repe u našoj zemlji i to u lokalitetima Pazove, Pećinaca, Rume, Sremske Mitrovice i Šida. Iz obolelih korenova i iz zemljišta prikupljenog sa terena gde je propadanje uočeno, metodom mamaka izolovana je gljiva koja je po svojim osobinama identifikovana kao višejedarna Rhizoctonia sp. U toku 2004. godine na parceli Mitrosrema T-11 gde je izolacijom dokazano prisustvo višejedarne Rhizoctonia sp., postavljen je ogled u okviru sortne komisije za priznavanje i registraciju novih sorti u našoj zemlji sa ciljem utvrđivanja tolerantnosti, odnosno osetljivosti pojedinih sorti i time njihove pogodnosti za gajenje na infestiranom zemljištu. U ispitivanja je uključeno 6 sorti šećerne repe: Laetitia (kao standard) i još pet novih sorti. Ogled je posejan po utvrđenoj i prihvaćenoj metodi sortne komisije (Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije). Osetljivost ispitivanih sorti ocenjivana je na osnovu značajnih proizvodnih osobina: prinos korena, polarizacija, korigovani sadržaj šećera Q gustog soka, sadržaja sećera u melasi, sadržaja K, Na i amino N, prinos polarizacionog šećera i prinos kristalnog šećera, kako to metoda i zahteva. Na osnovu obavljenih istraživanja ustanovljeno je da se ispitivane sorte šećerne repe različito ponašaju u uslovima prirodne zaraze višejedarnom Rhizoctonia sp. U pogledu prinosa, kao najvažnije proizvodne karakteristike, statistički značajno viši prinos od standarda ispoljila je sorta koja se vodi pod šifrom 5 (61.120 kg/ha), dok je sorta koja se vodi pod šifrom 6 imala statistički značajno niži prinos u poređenju sa standardom (38.100 kg/ha)

CYBERBULLYING LEGISLATION: THE ROLE OF CYBERBULLYING LAW

Faced with the increasing number of cases of cyberbullying and its consequences, states are trying to find the best way of its sanctioning. The latest tragic event, in which a young man from Republika Srpska committed suicide because he was mocked on one of the social networks, has triggered a public debate on whether cyberbullying is adequately sanctioned in our country. Based on the way individual countries sanction cyberbullying, we can divide them into two groups. The first group includes those countries that sanction cyberbullying through the application of one of the existing criminal offenses (insult, defamation, persecution, unauthorised filming, hate speech). The second one refers to those countries where cyberbullying has been treated as a special criminal offense. The aim of this paper is to make suggestions for possible changes, based on an analysis of the existing legislation on cyberbullying in our country as well as in some European countries, in order to protect the victims of cyberbullying more effectively. In the paper, the authors have used a normative-legal method for the analysis of legal regulations including a comparative method for a comparative presentation of a legal regulation of cyberbullying in other countries. On the grounds of the analysis conducted, there is a conclusion that a legal protection against digital violence in our country does not provide adequate remedies for the victims of cyberbullying