"Früher habe ich mich geschämt, aber jetzt schäme ich mich nicht mehr."

Jeder Mensch ist einzigartig und anders. Doch die Ungleichheitsforschung zeigt auf, dass Unterscheidungen zwischen Menschen oft mit Diskriminierungen einhergehen. So können Unterschiede wie die soziale Herkunft, das Geschlecht oder das Bildungsniveau dazu führen, dass Menschen von der Mehrheitsgesellschaft ausgegrenzt werden. Winker und Degele sprechen hierbei von Differenzkategorien, die nicht einzeln, sondern in ihrer Verwobenheit wahrgenommen werden müssen. Diese bestehenden Differenzen beeinflussen die Gestaltung der individuellen Lebenswege. In dieser Arbeit sollen daher anhand einer intersektionalen Perspektive das Zusammenwirken sozialer Kategorien und die daraus resultierenden Differenzen am Beispiel von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund und SPF aufgezeigt werden. Anhand geführter Interviews und der ausgearbeiteten Theorie soll dieses Forschungsvorhaben erschlossen werden.Each person is unique and different. But inequality research shows that differences often subject people to discrimination. Thus people might be ostracized by the majority society due to differences in social background, gender or educational attainment. Winker and Degele introduce categories of difference, which have to be associated with each other and must not be applied individually. The existing differences influence the way people live their individual lives. Therefore this paper aims to show the interaction of social categories and the consequent differences. Interviews with adolescents with a migration background and an SPF were analysed for this reason. The research was done within the theoretical framework of intersectionality. A theoretical concept was established and interviews were conducted in order to implement the research project

Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of Proteins Associated with the Cardiorenal Syndrome

The cardiorenal syndrome refers to the coexistence of kidney and cardiovascular disease, where cardiovascular events are the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Both, cardiovascular as well as kidney diseases have been extensively analyzed on a molecular level, resulting in molecular features and associated processes indicating a cross-talk of the two disease etiologies on a pathophysiological level. In order to gain a comprehensive picture of molecular factors contributing to the bidirectional interplay between kidney and cardiovascular system, we mined the scientific literature for molecular features reported as associated with the cardiorenal syndrome, resulting in 280 unique genes/proteins. These features were then analyzed on the level of molecular processes and pathways utilizing various types of protein interaction networks. Next to well established molecular features associated with the renin-angiotensin system numerous proteins involved in signal transduction and cell communication were found, involving specific molecular functions covering receptor binding with natriuretic peptide receptor and ligands as well known example. An integrated analysis of identified features pinpointed a protein interaction network involving mediators of hemodynamic change and an accumulation of features associated with the endothelin and VEGF signaling pathway. Some of these features may function as novel therapeutic targets

Improving tuberculosis surveillance by detecting international transmission using publicly available whole genome sequencing data

Improving the surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) is one of the eight core activities identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Respiratory Society to achieve TB elimination, defined as less than one incident case per million [1]. Monitoring transmission is especially important for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates – defined as being resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid – and for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) M. tuberculosis isolates – defined as MDR isolates with additional resistance to at least one of the fluoroquinolones and at least one of the second-line injectable drugs. In 2017, the WHO estimated that worldwide more than 450,000 people fell ill with MDR-TB and among these, more than 38,000 fell ill with XDR-TB [2]. The rapid advance in molecular typing technology – especially the availability of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify and characterise pathogens – gives us the chance to integrate this information into disease surveillance. For TB surveillance, it is possible to combine the results of molecular typing of isolates from the M. tuberculosis complex with traditional epidemiological information to infer or to exclude TB transmission [3,4]. This is of particular relevance if transmission occurs among multiple countries, where epidemiological data such as social contacts are more difficult to get and where data exchange is more difficult to organise. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported 44 events of international transmission (international clusters) of MDR-TB in different European countries between 2012 and 2015 [5]. In that report, the authors inferred TB transmission using the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing method. However, this method has limitations such as low correlation with epidemiological information in outbreak settings and low discriminatory power [3,6]. In comparison, WGS analysis offers a much higher discriminatory power and allows inferring (or excluding) TB transmission at a higher resolution [4]. In a recent systematic review, van der Werf et al. identified three studies that used WGS to investigate the international transmission of TB [7]. In recent years, the amount of available WGS data is increasing, especially because sequencing has become cheaper [8]. In addition, more and more authors deposit the raw data of their projects in open access public repositories such as the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [9]. These publicly available raw WGS data for thousands of isolates enable the re-use and the additional analyses at a large and global scale [10]. For example, it is possible to compare genomic data among different studies or countries since the data are available in a single place. Moreover, new software tools can be tested using the same raw WGS data [11]. However, standards in bioinformatics analysis and interpretation of these WGS data for surveillance purposes are not yet fully established [12]. We aimed to assess the usefulness of raw WGS data of global MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis isolates available in public repositories to improve TB surveillance. Specifically, we wanted to identify potential international events of TB transmission and to compare the international isolates with a collection of M. tuberculosis isolates collected in Germany in 2012 and 2013.Peer Reviewe

The IntAct molecular interaction database in 2012

IntAct is an open-source, open data molecular interaction database populated by data either curated from the literature or from direct data depositions. Two levels of curation are now available within the database, with both IMEx-level annotation and less detailed MIMIx-compatible entries currently supported. As from September 2011, IntAct contains approximately 275 000 curated binary interaction evidences from over 5000 publications. The IntAct website has been improved to enhance the search process and in particular the graphical display of the results. New data download formats are also available, which will facilitate the inclusion of IntAct's data in the Semantic Web. IntAct is an active contributor to the IMEx consortium (http://www.imexconsortium.org). IntAct source code and data are freely available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intac

The IntAct molecular interaction database in 2012

IntAct is an open-source, open data molecular interaction database populated by data either curated from the literature or from direct data depositions. Two levels of curation are now available within the database, with both IMEx-level annotation and less detailed MIMIx-compatible entries currently supported. As from September 2011, IntAct contains approximately 275 000 curated binary interaction evidences from over 5000 publications. The IntAct website has been improved to enhance the search process and in particular the graphical display of the results. New data download formats are also available, which will facilitate the inclusion of IntAct's data in the Semantic Web. IntAct is an active contributor to the IMEx consortium (http://www.imexconsortium.org). IntAct source code and data are freely available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact

The microscopic fungi of orchid species in the Őrség National Park

The wild orchids growing in Hungary are some of the most decorative and interesting members of the country's flora. The majority of species are rarely spotted, and some are only found in very few habitats, though others are quite common .All the species known in Hungary are protected, and 1 1 species are strictly protected. Itis thus important to monitor the health status of these plants, to determine what diseases affect them, what pathogens are found on them and how severely they are infected, and to take the necessary precautionary measures. Eleven of the 14 orchid species occurring in the 6rseg National Park were included in the study and the presence of microscopic fungi was detected on eight of these. Pathogenic species were found on lesser butterfly orchid (Platanthera bifolia), green-winged orchid (Orchis morio), burnt orchid (Orchis ustulara), sword-leaved helleborine (Cephalanthera longifolia), common twayblade (Listera ovata), autumn lady's-tresses (Spiranthes spiralis), western marsh orchid (Dacrylorhiza majalis) and broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine). A detailed account is given of the symptoms of major diseases and of the microscopic traits of the pathogens. An attempt was made to determine to what extent the pathogenic fungal species found on protected orchid species influence the lives of these plants. Current knowledge on this subject is extremely deficient, as practically no data are available from Hungary

Method and apparatus for probing relative volume fractions

A relative volume fraction probe particularly for use in a multiphase fluid system includes two parallel conductive paths defining there between a sample zone within the system. A generating unit generates time varying electrical signals which are inserted into one of the two parallel conductive paths. A time domain reflectometer receives the time varying electrical signals returned by the second of the two parallel conductive paths and, responsive thereto, outputs a curve of impedance versus distance. An analysis unit then calculates the area under the curve, subtracts the calculated area from an area produced when the sample zone consists entirely of material of a first fluid phase, and divides this calculated difference by the difference between an area produced when the sample zone consists entirely of material of the first fluid phase and an area produced when the sample zone consists entirely of material of a second fluid phase. The result is the volume fraction

First Detection of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Mosquitoes in Switzerland, 2022.

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widespread flaviviruses in the world, and in recent years, it has been frequently present in many Mediterranean and Eastern European countries. A combination of different conditions, such as a favourable climate and higher seasonal average temperatures, probably allowed its introduction and spread to new territories. In Switzerland, autochthonous cases of WNV have never been reported, and the virus was not detected in mosquito vectors until 2022, despite an entomological surveillance in place in Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland, since 2010. In 2022, 12 sites were monitored from July to October, using BOX gravid mosquito traps coupled with honey-baited FTA cards. For the first time, we could detect the presence of WNV in FTA cards and mosquitoes in 8 out of the 12 sampling sites monitored, indicating an unexpectedly widespread circulation of the virus throughout the territory. Positive findings were recorded from the beginning of August until mid-October 2022, and whole genome sequencing analysis identified a lineage 2 virus closely related to strains circulating in Northern Italy. The entomological surveillance has proved useful in identifying viral circulation in advance of possible cases of WNV infection in humans or horses