Determination of the resistivity anisotropy of SrRuO3_{3} by measuring the planar Hall effect

We have measured the planar Hall effect in epitaxial thin films of the itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3 patterned with their current paths at different angles relative to the crystallographic axes. Based on the results, we have determined that SrRuO3 exhibits small resistivity anisotropy in the entire temperature range of our measurements (between 2 to 300 K); namely, both above and below its Curie temperature (~150 K). It means that in addition to anisotropy related to magnetism, the resistivity anisotropy of SrRuO3 has an intrinsic, nonmagnetic source. We have found that the two sources of anisotropy have competing effects

The relationship between DNA methylation, genetic and expression inter-individual variation in untransformed human fibroblasts

Man was created  with the provision of spiritual awareness of the existence of God. When in the course of his life to find a variety of  problems, which he first headed the Lord. From every human being must  feel that awareness.  If then it is collective  awareness  activities conducted in order to meet the spiritual needs that can be implemented together. That is a God given institution called the Assembly of  dzikir. If then the activity was done with a lot of people, over time some of them  do not  know the exact substance  and virtues of the assembly  itself, but just following everyone else  alone. Moreover, many activities that  involve  mass was boarded by-worldly orientation of  material interests, economic and political. Then the activity will become a kind of wetland that can be exploited in the interests of a handful of people. Key words: majelis dzikir, spiritual awareness, mass cultur

The Nature of the Halo Population of NGC 5128 Resolved with NICMOS on the Hubble Space Telescope

We present the first infrared color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for the halo of a giant elliptical galaxy. The CMD for the stars in the halo of NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) was constructed from HST NICMOS observations of the WFPC2 CHIP-3 field of Soria et al. (1996) to a 50% completeness magnitude limit of [F160W]=23.8. This field is located at a distance of 08'50" (~9 kpc) south of the center of the galaxy. The luminosity function (LF) shows a marked discontinuity at [F160W]=20.0. This is 1-2 mag above the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) expected for an old population (~12 Gyr) at the distance modulus of NGC 5128. We propose that the majority of stars above the TRGB have intermediate ages (~2 Gyr), in agreement with the WFPC2 observations of Soria et al. (1996). Five stars with magnitudes brighter than the LF discontinuity are most probably due to Galactic contamination. The weighted average of the mean giant branch color above our 50% completeness limit is [F110W]-[F160W]=1.22+-0.08 with a dispersion of 0.19 mag. From our artificial-star experiments we determine that the observed spread in color is real, suggesting a real spread in metallicity. We estimate the lower and upper bounds of the stellar metallicity range by comparisons with observations of Galactic star clusters and theoretical isochrones. Assuming an old population, we find that, in the halo field of NGC 5128 we surveyed, stars have metallicities ranging from roughly 1% of solar at the blue end of the color spread to roughly solar at the red end, with a mean of [Fe/H]=-0.76 and a dispersion of 0.44 dex.Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ, 23 pages of text, 13 figures, uses aastex v5.

Terminus-driven retreat of a major southwest Greenland tidewater glacier during the early 19th century : insights from glacier reconstructions and numerical modelling

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Retirement Incentives in Belgium: Estimations and Simulations Using SHARE Data

peer reviewedThe paper studies retirement behavior of wage‐earners in Belgium – for the first time using a rich survey dataset to analyze retirement incentives as faced by individuals. Specifically, we use SHARE data to estimate a model à la Stock and Wise (1990). Exploring the data on individual life‐histories from SHARELIFE, we construct a measure of financial incentive to retire. Our analysis explicitly takes into account the different take‐up rates of the various early retirement exit paths across time and ages. The results show that financial incentives play a strong role. Health and education also matter, as do regional differences. Against the general background of the 2020 strategy, we perform a set of policy simulations and illustrate the scope but also the limits associated with selective parametric reforms

The melanoma-specific graded prognostic assessment does not adequately discriminate prognosis in a modern population with brain metastases from malignant melanoma

The melanoma-specific graded prognostic assessment (msGPA) assigns patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma to 1 of 4 prognostic groups. It was largely derived using clinical data from patients treated in the era that preceded the development of newer therapies such as BRAF, MEK and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, its current relevance to patients diagnosed with brain metastases from malignant melanoma is unclear. This study is an external validation of the msGPA in two temporally distinct British populations.Performance of the msGPA was assessed in Cohort I (1997-2008, n=231) and Cohort II (2008-2013, n=162) using Kaplan-Meier methods and Harrell's c-index of concordance. Cox regression was used to explore additional factors that may have prognostic relevance.The msGPA does not perform well as a prognostic score outside of the derivation cohort, with suboptimal statistical calibration and discrimination, particularly in those patients with an intermediate prognosis. Extra-cerebral metastases, leptomeningeal disease, age and potential use of novel targeted agents after brain metastases are diagnosed, should be incorporated into future prognostic models.An improved prognostic score is required to underpin high-quality randomised controlled trials in an area with a wide disparity in clinical care

Selective sweeps on novel and introgressed variation shape mimicry loci in a butterfly adaptive radiation.

Natural selection leaves distinct signatures in the genome that can reveal the targets and history of adaptive evolution. By analysing high-coverage genome sequence data from 4 major colour pattern loci sampled from nearly 600 individuals in 53 populations, we show pervasive selection on wing patterns in the Heliconius adaptive radiation. The strongest signatures correspond to loci with the greatest phenotypic effects, consistent with visual selection by predators, and are found in colour patterns with geographically restricted distributions. These recent sweeps are similar between co-mimics and indicate colour pattern turn-over events despite strong stabilising selection. Using simulations, we compare sweep signatures expected under classic hard sweeps with those resulting from adaptive introgression, an important aspect of mimicry evolution in Heliconius butterflies. Simulated recipient populations show a distinct 'volcano' pattern with peaks of increased genetic diversity around the selected target, characteristic of sweeps of introgressed variation and consistent with diversity patterns found in some populations. Our genomic data reveal a surprisingly dynamic history of colour pattern selection and co-evolution in this adaptive radiation

Mixed integer programming in production planning with backlogging and setup carryover : modeling and algorithms

This paper proposes a mixed integer programming formulation for modeling the capacitated multi-level lot sizing problem with both backlogging and setup carryover. Based on the model formulation, a progressive time-oriented decomposition heuristic framework is then proposed, where improvement and construction heuristics are effectively combined, therefore efficiently avoiding the weaknesses associated with the one-time decisions made by other classical time-oriented decomposition algorithms. Computational results show that the proposed optimization framework provides competitive solutions within a reasonable time