2,399 research outputs found
Regulation of the neuronal proteasome by Zif268 (Egr1)
Most forms of neuronal plasticity are associated with induction of the transcription factor Zif268 (Egr1/Krox24/NGF-IA). In a genomewide
scan, we obtained evidence for potential modulation of proteasome subunit and regulatory genes by Zif268 in neurons, a finding of
significance considering emerging evidence that the proteasome modulates synaptic function. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the
candidate proteasome Zif268 target genes had a rich concentration of putative Zif268 binding sites immediately upstream of the transcriptional
start sites. Regulation of the mRNAs encoding the psmb9 (Lmp2) and psme2 (PA28ïżœ) proteasome subunits, along with the
proteasome-regulatory kinase serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) and the proteasome-associated antigen peptide transporter
subunit 1 (Tap1), was confirmed after transfection of a neuronal cell line with Zif268. Conversely, these mRNAs were upregulated in
cerebral cortex tissue from Zif268 knock-out mice relative to controls, confirming that Zif268 suppresses their expression in the CNS.
Transfected Zif268 reduced the activity of psmb9, SGK, and Tap1 promoterâreporter constructs. Altered psmb9, SGK, and Tap1 mRNA
levels were also observed in an in vivo model of neuronal plasticity involving Zif268 induction: the effect of haloperidol administration on
striatal gene expression. Consistent with these effects on proteasome gene expression, increased Zif268 expression suppressed proteasome
activity, whereas Zif268 knock-out mice exhibited elevated cortical proteasome activity. Our findings reveal that Zif268 regulates
the expression of proteasome and related genes in neuronal cells and provide new evidence that altered expression of proteasome activity
after Zif268 induction may be a key component of long-lasting CNS plasticity
S-Duality at the Black Hole Threshold in Gravitational Collapse
We study gravitational collapse of the axion/dilaton field in classical low
energy string theory, at the threshold for black hole formation. A new critical
solution is derived that is spherically symmetric and continuously
self-similar. The universal scaling and echoing behavior discovered by Choptuik
in gravitational collapse appear in a somewhat different form. In particular,
echoing takes the form of SL(2,R) rotations (cf. S-duality). The collapse
leaves behind an outgoing pulse of axion/dilaton radiation, with nearly but not
exactly flat spacetime within it.Comment: 8 pages of LaTeX, uses style "revtex"; 1 figure, available in
archive, or at ftp://ftp.itp.ucsb.edu/figures/nsf-itp-95-15.ep
Efficient and tunable whiteâlight emission using a dispersible porous polymer
A dispersible porous polymer (PEG113âb âDVB800âco âAA200) based on the controlled radical polymerization of divinylbenzene and acrylic acid with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macrochain transfer agent (macroâCTA) is synthesized and postsynthetically modified with anthracene. This blueâemitting porous polymer is used to encapsulate the yellowâemitting fluorophore rhodamine B into its core, resulting in a whiteâlight emitting dispersion with a quantum yield of 38% and commission internationale de lâĂ©clairage coordinates of (X = 0.33, Y = 0.32)
Probing prospective secondary mathematics teachersâ understanding of visual representations of function transformations: a multiple scripting task approach
In this paper, we use multiple scripting tasks as a research tool to investigate prospective secondary mathematics teachersâ (PSMTsâ) mathematical knowledge of function transformations and their inclination to connect multiple representations of functions. Mathematically similar scripting tasks focused on visual representations of function transformations were given at three intervals during a 15-week semester in an undergraduate mathematics course on functions for PSMTs in the United States. Participant responses to these scripting tasks were analysed, and four prevalent themes were identified that reveal initial tendencies to disregard visual observations posed by students in the scripting tasks and limited use of their mathematical knowledge to connect multiple representations of functions.This research is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant number DUE-1612380
Kinetics of carnitine uptake by rat epididymal cells Androgen-dependence and lack of stereospecificity
Preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, from the northern Gulf of Mexico and Bimini, Bahamas
Social environment shapes the speed of cooperation
Are cooperative decisions typically made more quickly or slowly than non-cooperative decisions? While this question has attracted considerable attention in recent years, most research has focused on one-shot interactions. Yet it is repeated interactions that characterize most important real-world social interactions. In repeated interactions, the cooperativeness of oneâs interaction partners (the âsocial environmentâ) should affect the speed of cooperation. Specifically, we propose that reciprocal decisions (choices that mirror behavior observed in the social environment), rather than cooperative decisions per se, occur more quickly. We test this hypothesis by examining four independent decision time datasets with a total of 2,088 subjects making 55,968 decisions. We show that reciprocal decisions are consistently faster than non-reciprocal decisions: cooperation is faster than defection in cooperative environments, while defection is faster than cooperation in non-cooperative environments. These differences are further enhanced by subjectsâ previous behavior â reciprocal decisions are faster when they are consistent with the subjectâs previous choices. Finally, mediation analyses of a fifth dataset suggest that the speed of reciprocal decisions is explained, in part, by feelings of conflict â reciprocal decisions are less conflicted than non-reciprocal decisions, and less decision conflict appears to lead to shorter decision times
The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1734). An Online Electronic Edition.
This is an online electronic edition of the the first Masonic book printed in America, which was produced in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin in 1734, and was a reprint of a work by James Anderson (who is identified as the author in an appendix) printed in London in 1723. This is the seminal work of American Masonry, edited and published by one of the founding fathers, and of great importance to the development of colonial society and the formation of the Republic. The work contains a 40-page history of Masonry: from Adam to the reign of King George I, including, among others, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Solomon, Hiram Abif, Nebuchadnezzar, Augustus Caesar, Vitruvius, King Athelstan the Saxon, Inigo Jones, and James I of England. There are extended descriptions of the Seven Wonders of the World, viz. 1) the Great Pyramid, 2) Solomonâs Temple, 3) the City and Hanging-Gardens of Babylon, 4) the Mausoleum or Tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria, 5) the Lighthouse of Pharos at Alexandria, 6) Phidiasâs statue of Jupiter Olympius in Achaia, and 7) the Colossus at Rhodes (although some maintain the 5th is the Obelisk of Semiramis). It is a celebration of the science of Geometry and the Royal Art of Architecture, as practiced from ancient times until the then-current revival of the Roman or Augustan Style. âThe Charges of a Free- Masonâ and the âGeneral Regulationsâ concern rules of conduct for individuals and of governance for Lodges and their officers. The work also includes five songs to be sung at meetings, one of whichââA New Songââappears in print for the first time and may have been composed by Franklin. The document suggests that Masonry, in its modern Anglo-American form, was rooted in Old Testament exegesis (âSo that the Israelites, at their leaving Egypt, were a whole Kingdom of Masons, ⊠under the Conduct of their GRAND MASTER MOSESâ) and in contemporary Protestant ideals of morality, merit, and political equality
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