A wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a cross slot aperture for 5G communications

This paper represents design of a wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator antenna fed by an aperture coupled technique. A bandwidth of 2.2 GHz has been achieved using a cross slot aperture in a ground plane for Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The simulated gain value achieved is 6.5dBi. The Rectangular Dielectric Resonator which has been designed in this paper can be used in 5G application frequency band of 24.25-27.5 GHz. The calculated percentage bandwidth is 15.38 %. An optimization of slot dimensions has also mentioned which can help to select a desired impedance match. The measured gain and bandwidth are efficient to use this design for various 5G applications. This unit cell wideband DRA can be used for millimeter wave frequencies of 5G

Design and fabrication of a compact microstrip triplexer for wimax and wireless applications

A novel structure to design a microstrip triplexer for wireless and WiMAX applications is presented. To obtain a compact microstrip layout, step impedance resonators and coupled lines are used. The introduced triplexer has a size of 0.35λg×0.26λg, where λg is calculated at 2.3 GHz. Also, the obtained insertion losses are 0.78 dB, 1.1 dB and 0.62 dB at 2.3 GHz, 3.2 GHz and 3.6 GHz, respectively. The LC model of the presented resonator is investigated to tune three resonance frequencies by calculating numerical values of inductors and capacitors. Finally, the designed triplexer is simulated and measured

5G Hairpin and Interdigital Bandpass Filters

At two low 5G frequency bands: 3.7 GHz - 4.2 GHz and 5.975 GHz -7.125 GHz, Hairpin Bandpass Filter (HPBF) and Interdigital Bandpass Filter (IBF) are designed and simulated in this paper. Both filters show good results in terms of matching and transmission responses with a wide bandwidth through the two frequency bands. HPBF with simple design resulted in good return and insertion losses, < - 10.43 dB and – 0.63 dB, and < - 14.48 dB and –0.46 dB through frequency bands: 3.51 GHz - 4.27 GHz and 5.58 GHz – 7.24 GHz, respectively. In addition to good filter response that IBF provides, it supports high order second harmonics suppression. The simulated S11 and S12 of this filter are < -11.15 dB and –0.63 dB with out of band rejection up to 11.12 GHz through the frequency band 3.56  GHz – 4.25 GHz. Furthermore, at the second frequency band IBF is designed with two different grounding via hole radii (rVia), case 1: rVia = 0.4 mm and case 2: rVia = 0.7 mm. For both cases, the designed filter shows good results with high order second harmonics suppression up to 18.33 GHz and 18.96 GHz. In this paper, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to carry out the simulation

Analysis on the effect of dielectric material and copper thickness of substrate towards the performance of ultra wideband ground slotted T-shaped power divider

Nowadays, the fifth generation (5G) wireless system is extensively studied to fulfill the continuously increasing demand for high data rate and mobility in wireless communication applications. Thus, to cope with this demand, various researches are required for front-end microwave components, which includes power divider. Therefore, in this article, the design and analysis of ultra wideband T-shaped power divider is presented. Two substrates are chosen in the design, which are Rogers RO4003C and TMM4 with copper thickness of 17 µm and 35 µm to analyze their effect towards ultra wideband performance of the designed power divider. The design and analysis are performed by using CST Microwave Studio. The optimal performance of the designed power divider is subjected to dielectric material and the copper thickness of the substrate. Where, the best design is obtained using TMM4 substrate that made of ceramic thermoset polymer with 35 µm copper thickness

Wideband and high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications

In this paper, wideband high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications is presented. Higher order mode is exploited to enhance the antenna gain, while the array of symmetrical cylindrical shaped holes drilled in the DRA to improves the bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The proposed DRA is designed using dielectric material with relative permittivity of 10 and loss tangent of 0. 002.The Rogers RT/Droid 5880 has been selected as substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009- and 0.254-mm thickness. The simulated results show that, the proposed geometry has achieved a wide impedance bandwidth of 17.3% (23.8-28.3GHz=4.5 GHz) for S11<-10 dB, and a maximum gain of about 9.3 dBi with radiation efficiency of 96% at design frequency of 26 GHz.  The DRA is feed by  microstrip transmission line with slot aperture. The reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, and the antenna gain are studied by full-wave EM simulator CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna can be used for the 5G communication applications such as device to device communication (D2D)

Gain enhancement of dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter wave applications

In this paper, dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with enhanced gain operating on the higher order mode (15 ) is presented. The dielectric resonator antenna with dielectric constant of 10 and loss tangent of 0.002 is used. The DRA is fed by microstrip line through an aperture slot. The proposed antenna is designed at 26 GHz and achieved a gain of 7.9 dBi with corresponding simulated radiation efficiency of 93%. The impedance bandwidth of 1.5 GHz from 25.1 GHz to 26.6 GHz has been achieved. The reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation patterns, and efficiency of the antenna are studied. Simulations are performed using CST microwave studio, and their results are presented

Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna array for 28 GHz applications

In this paper, a Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) with a modified feeding line is designed and investigated at 28 GHz. The modified feed line is designed to excite the DR with relative permittivity of 10 which contributes to a wide bandwidth operation. The proposed single RDRA has been fabricated and mounted on a RT/Duroid 5880 (εr = 2.2 and tanδ = 0.0009) substrate. The optimized single element has been applied to array structure to improve the gain and achieve the required gain performance. The radiation pattern, impedance bandwidth and gain are simulated and measured accordingly. The number of elements and element spacing are studied for an optimum performance. The proposed antenna obtains a reflection coefficient response from 27.0 GHz to 29.1 GHz which cover the desired frequency band. This makes the proposed antenna achieve 2.1 GHz impedance bandwidth and gain of 12.1 dB. Thus, it has potential for millimeter wave and 5G application

Mutual coupling reduction and pattern error correction in a 5g beamforming linear array using CSRR

A four-element printed antenna array operating at 25-GHz frequency with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) has been proposed for beamforming applications. The CSRR elements have been used to suppress the mutual coupling in the proposed array. The existence of the CSRR configuration in antenna array controls the unnecessary surface current flow between the array elements, and thus the mutual coupling between array elements has been significantly reduced up to -55 dB. The effect of mutual coupling on the array radiation patterns has been studied in the presence and absence of CSRRs. The effectiveness of the CSRR has been studied by steering the main beam as well as the nulls in different angles. By implementing the CSRR elements in array antenna, the distorted array patterns have been recovered and are presented. The proposed antenna array with the CSRR has the advantage of easy and low-cost fabrication and it offers excellent coupling suppression without changing the antenna profile. The commercially available simulation tools such as MATLAB and Ansys HFSS have been used for array weights calculation and antenna design respectively. Finally, the fabricated prototype has been experimentally verified, and it shows that the analytical and computed results agree well with the measured results

A Microwave Signal Generation Technique Based on Brillouin-Erbium Fiber Laser

An all-optical microwave signal generator based on multiwavelength Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser (MBEFL) is proposed. The MBEFL unit is designed at fixed wavelength spacing of 0.084 nm, which corresponds to ~10 GHz carrier signal. The underlying mechanism MBEFL unit is by recycling the backscattered Stokes waves into the cavity to generate higher-order Stokes waves. Heterodyning process is then applied to the Brillouin pump (BP) consisted of first-order Brillouin Stokes (BS1) (0.084 nm spacing) and second-order Brillouin Stokes (BS2) (0.168 nm spacing) signals by using a photodetector (PD). The heterodyned outputs are microwave signals at the frequencies of 10.56 GHz and 21.2 GHz, relative to first order and second order Stokes waves, respectively. These microwave signals are experimentally achieved by controlling the EDF pump power where the EDF pump power can be as low as 20 mW

Dielectric Resonator Reflectarray Antenna Unit Cells for 5G Applications

This paper presents an investigation for the performance comparison of three different unit cell configurations operating at 26 GHz for 5G applications. The unit cells are cross shape dielectric resonator, cross microstrip patch and cross hybrid dielectric resonator. Verification of the comparison has been done by simulations using commercial Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS). The simulated results for reflection phase, slope variation, reflection loss and 10% bandwidth were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the optimum configuration to be deployed for the reflectarray’s unit element in order to fulfill the 5G requirements of a wide bandwidth is the cross hybrid DRA. This configuration is a combination of cross DRA with cross microstrip patch as the parasitic element in order to tune the phase and provide a wide phase range with smooth variation slope. Cross hybrid DRA provided a wide phase range of 520° with 0.77 dB loss and 10% bandwidth of 160 MHz