Oral Cancer Awareness and its Determinants among a Selected Malaysian Population

Objective: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among a selected group of Malaysians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groups aged >= 15 years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at alpha<0.05. Results: Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit. Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oral cancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the risk habits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media and health campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, gender and age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oral cancer, respectively.Article Link: http://koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=POCPA9_2013_v14n3_195

Single-, Dual- and Triple-band Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

The paper presents a frequency reconfigurable slot dipole antenna. The antenna is capable of being switched between single-band, dual-band or triple-band operation. The antenna incorporates three pairs of pin-diodes which are located within the dipole arms. The antenna was designed to operate at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the aid of CST Microwave Studio. The average measured gains are 1.54, 2.92 and 1.89 dBi for low, mid and high band respectively. A prototype was then constructed in order to verify the performance of the device. A good level of agreement was observed between simulation and measurement

Classification of crankshaft remanufacturing using Mahalanobis-Taguchi system

Remanufacturing is a process of returning a used product to at least its original performance with a warranty that is equivalent or better than that of a newly manufactured product. During a preliminary inspection on remanufacturing companies, it was found that there is no end life for crankshafts in terms of classifying it either to remanufacture, repair or reject due to limited information provided by the original equipment manufacturer. The manufacturer did not provide any information on the annual quantity produced and their specifications to the remanufacturing company for the purpose of referencing. Eventually, the distinctiveness of the remanufactured crankshaft from the original cannot be measured. Thus, the aim of this work is to classify crankshafts' end life into recovery operations based on the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System. The crankpin diameter of six engine models were measured in order to develop a scale that represents their population in a scatter diagram. It was found that on the diagram of each engine model, the left distributions from the center point belong to rejected crankshafts, the right distributions belong to re-manufacturable crankshafts, and the upper distributions belong to the repairable crankshafts. The developed scale is believed to be able to help remanufacturers instantaneously identify and match any unknown model crankshafts to its right category. The Ministry of International Trade & Industry (MITI) has established a remanufacturing policy under RMK11 and put in efforts to encourage Malaysians to venture into the remanufacturing business. Thus, this model will help the industry to understand and formulate their decision-making to sustain the end of life of their products

Mutual coupling reduction and pattern error correction in a 5G beamforming linear array using CSRR

A four-element printed antenna array operating at 25 GHz frequency with complementary split ring resonator. (CSRR) has been proposed for beamforming applications. The CSRR elements has been used to suppress the mutual coupling in the proposed array. The existence of the CSRR configuration in antenna array, controls the unnecessary surface current flow between the array elements, thus the mutual coupling between array elements has been significantly reduced up to -55 dB. The effect of mutual coupling on the array radiation patterns has been studied in the presence and absence of CSRRs. The effectiveness of CSRR has been studied by steering the main beam as well as the nulls in different angles. By implementing the CSRR elements in array antenna, the distorted array patterns have been recovered and are presented. The proposed antenna array with the CSRR has the advantage of easy and low-cost fabrication and it offers excellent coupling suppression without changing the antenna profile. The commercially available simulation tools such as Matlab and Ansys HFSS have been used for array weights calculation and antenna design respectively. Finally, the fabricated prototype has been experimentally verified, and it shows that the analytical and computed results agree well with the measured results

Dual band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN application

A compact dual band ring shape rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RRDRA) to operate at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHZ WLAN application is proposed. In this design the dielectric resonator is fed by modified 50Ω trapezoidal micro strip line situated on top of the FR4 substrate. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth achieved at 2.4 GHZ is 12.42% (2.3149-2.6132) and 12.9% (2.21-2.52) respectively; whilst for 5 GHZ at 13% (5.1795-5.8914) and 13.2% (5.08-5.81) for S11<-10 dB. And the gain of the proposed antenna is 4.9dBi and 5.9 dBi at 2.4 GHz 5GHZ respectively. Results are simulated using Ansoft High frequency structural simulator (HFSS) for the study of impedance bandwidth, return loss, radiation pattern and antenna gain. Furthermore the antenna has been fabricated and tested. The measured characteristics of the proposed antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results

Broadband Resonant Elements for 5G Reflectarray Antenna Design

The performance investigation of two novel resonant elements is presented in this work for 5G reflectarray antenna design. Two dual resonance elements with wide reflection phase range have been developed from a square patch element by a novel corner bending tactic. The reflection loss and reflection phase range performance of the proposed elements have been compared with conventional square patch element at 26 GHz. The results have shown a reflection phase swing of 629° and 632° for Bent Width and Bent Length elements respectively. The broadband features of proposed elements can radically improve the bandwidth performance of a reflectarray antenna

Mutual Coupling Reduction between Asymmetric Reflectarray Resonant Elements

A physically asymmetric reflectarray element has been proposed for wide band operations. The dual resonant response has been introduced by tilting one side of the square path element. The numerical results have been analyzed in the frequency band between 24GHz to 28GHz where a reflection phase range of more than 600° has been achieved. The proposed asymmetric element can produce mutual coupling with adjacent elements on a reflectarray. This effect has been monitored by placing the elements in a mirror configuration on the surface of reflectarray. The single unit cell element results have been compared with conventional 4 element unit cell and proposed mirroring element configuration. The proposed mirroring element technique can be used to design a broadband reflectarray for high gain applications

A review of wideband reflectarray antennas for 5G communication systems

The advancement in the current communication technology makes it incumbent to analyze the conventional features of reflectarray antenna for future adaptability. This work thoroughly reviews the design and experimental features of reflectarray antenna for its bandwidth improvement in microwave and millimeter wave frequency ranges. The paper surveys the fundamental and advanced topologies of reflectarray design implementations which are needed particularly for its broadband features. The realization of its design approaches has been studied at unit cell and full reflectarray levels for its bandwidth enhancement. Various design configurations have also been critically analyzed for the compatibility with the high frequency 5G systems

Higher-order mode rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications

The excitation of the higher-order mode, TEy 1δ3 in rectangular dielectric resonator designed was explored to enhance the antenna gain and detailed elaboration is presented in this paper. The antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip line through an aperture cut in the ground plane. Besides avoiding spurious radiation, this feeding technique gives flexibility in controlling the amount of coupling in order to reduce the Q-factor in the higher-order mode RDRA. A design was developed and subsequently simulated using Ansoft HFSS ver 16.0 by utilizing Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with a thickness (ts) of 0.254 mm, a permittivity (εs) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (δ) of 0.001 at 15 GHz. The higher-order mode, TEy 1δ3 RDRA achieved the measured gain at 9.76 dBi and the measured impedance bandwidth as much 2.5 GHz which is 4.7% more compared to the fundamental mode, TEy 1δ3. The result should be considered suitable for 5G applications

A wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a cross slot aperture for 5G communications

This paper represents design of a wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator antenna fed by an aperture coupled technique. A bandwidth of 2.2 GHz has been achieved using a cross slot aperture in a ground plane for Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The simulated gain value achieved is 6.5dBi. The Rectangular Dielectric Resonator which has been designed in this paper can be used in 5G application frequency band of 24.25-27.5 GHz. The calculated percentage bandwidth is 15.38 %. An optimization of slot dimensions has also mentioned which can help to select a desired impedance match. The measured gain and bandwidth are efficient to use this design for various 5G applications. This unit cell wideband DRA can be used for millimeter wave frequencies of 5G