MITIGATING ROLE OF ZINC AND IRON AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF MALE ALBINO RAT: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO METALLOTHIONEIN QUANTIFICATION

Objective: The present study is carried out to know the mitigating role of zinc (Zn) and / or iron (Fe) supplementation on cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in rats with special reference to metallothionein (MT) protein.Methods: Wistar strain male albino rats were treated orally with Cd at a dose of 1/10th of LD50 / 48h (i. e. 22.5 mg/kg) for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) long sojourn. 15d Cd treated rats were then subjected to trace element supplementations of Zn (12mg/kg) and Fe (40mg/kg) individually and in combination for another 7, 15 and 30d time intervals. After specific time intervals, rats were decapitated and tissues like liver and kidney were isolated. The vital oxidative stress enzymes such as GST and GPx were assayed by using the standard methods in the test tissues. LPO levels were also measured by using the standard protocol. MTs, the metal binding proteins which are the first line of defense against Cd toxicity were quantified by using the standard methods in the test tissues.Results: A significant (P < 0.05 level) elevation in LPO levels with decreased activity levels of GST and GPx were observed during Cd intoxication. With Zn and Fe supplementation, a significant reversal in the above said parameters were observed. MT protein levels were significantly elevated in the test tissues during Cd treatment and also after supplementation with Zn and / or Fe. Maximum MT protein synthesis was observed in 30d rat kidney under combined supplementation of both Zn and Fe.Conclusion: The present study focuses on the mitigating role of trace elements Zn and Fe in reducing the Cd body burden from the selected tissues of rat. Supplementation with Zn and / or Fe envisages the therapeutic role of trace elements in combating the heavy metal, Cd insult.Â

ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P<0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus

Role Of Selenium and Vitamins E And C In Combating Cadmium Bioaccumulation in The Selected Tissues of Rats: A Therapeutic Approach

The aim of the present investigation is to check the therapeutic role of selenium (Se) and vitaminE and C on cadmium (Cd) induced bioaccumulation in liver, kidney and testis of Cd treated rats. Wistar strain male albino rats were treated with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1/10th of LD50 /48h i.e. 22.5 mg/Kg body weight for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) time intervals. Then 15d Cd treated rats were divided into two groups. Group I supplemented with Se (1mg/kg body weight) and II group received combination of Se, vitamins E (300mg/kg) and C (200mg/kg) and observed for 7, 15 and 30days. After specific time intervals, rats were decapitated and tissues such as liver, kidney and testis were isolated and used for the estimation of Cd bioaccumulation levels by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS – Schimadzu AA6300). There was a significant elevation in Cd concentrations in the test tissues with increased period of Cd treatment. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd treated rat kidney (42.80±0.30μg / gm). However, there was a significant reduction in Cd bioaccumulation with Se and vitamin E and C supplementation. Maximum decrease in Cd accumulation was found in 30d rat kidney (5.04 ±0.08μg / gm) supplemented with the combination of Se andvitamin E and C. Our findings clearly envisage that combined supplementation of Se and vitamin E and C is more effective in reducing the Cd body burden when compared to the individual mode of supplementation

Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease

This extensive study explores the field of novel biomarkers for the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD), looking at a variety of indicators, including circulating endothelial cells, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), microRNAs, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The review emphasizes how important these indicators are to improving CVD risk assessment, prognosis, and treatment plans. While each biomarker offers distinct insights into particular facets of cardiovascular health, multi-biomarker panel integration is suggested for a more thorough knowledge. The paper also discusses the difficulties with standardization, moral issues, and legal restrictions related to using these biomarkers in therapeutic settings. In addition, the revolutionary potential of these new biomarkers in conjunction with state-of-the-art technologies is emphasized, providing a promising path towards precision cardiovascular care and customized medicin

SUPPLEMENTATION OF CALCIUM AND SELENIUM AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN SELECTED TISSUES OF FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals in aquatic environments and could threaten aquatic organisms including fish. The present study was carried out to know the protective effects of calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) in reducing the Cd bioaccumulation in selected tissues of fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Methods: The fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of Cd (1/10th of LC50/48h, i.e., 5 ppm) for 7, 15 and 30 d (d) period. 15d Cd-exposed fish were divided into three groups. The first group of fish were subjected to Ca (1 ppm) supplementation, second group received only Se (1 ppm) supplement and third group of fish were supplemented with the combination of both Ca and Se at the above said doses and observed for 7, 15 and 30d time periods. After specific time intervals, liver, kidney, gill and intestine tissues were isolated and used for Cd bioaccumulation studies. Results: Cd concentration levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the test tissues with increased period of exposure. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed fish kidney tissue (22.611±0.676 μg/gm wet wt. of the tissue). However, after supplementing with Ca and/or Se, there was a significant reversal in the levels of Cd concentration in all the test tissues. Maximum reduction was observed under Ca alone supplementation. Conclusion: The present study clearly reveals that individual supplementation of Ca tends to detoxify the Cd body burden in the test tissues than the other modes of supplementation