Experimental study of surface pressures induced on a flat plate and a body of revolution by various dual jet configurations

The effect of the angle of a jet to a crossflow, the performance of dual jet configurations, and a jet injected from a body of revolution as opposed to a flat plate were investigated during experiments conducted in the 7x10 tunnel at NASA Ames at Velocities from 14.5 m/sec to 35.8 m/sec (47.6 to 117.4 ft/sec.). Pressure distributions are presented for single and dual jets over a range of velocity ratios from 2 to 10, spacings from 2 to 6 diameters and injection angles of 90, 75, 60, and 105 degrees. For the body of revolution tests, the ratio of the jet to body diameters was set as large (1/2) in order to be more representative of V/STOL aircraft applications. Flat plate tests involved dual jets both aligned and in side by side configurations. The effects of the various parameters and the differences between the axisymmetric and planar body geometrics on the nature, size, shape, and strength of the interaction regions on the body surfaces are shown. Some flowfield measurements are also presented, and it is shown that a simple analysis is capable of predicting the trajectories of the jets

Effects of velocity profile and inclination on dual-jet-induced pressures on a flat plate in a crosswind

An experimental study was conducted to determine surface pressure distributions on a flat plate with dual subsonic, circular jets exhausting from the surface into a crossflow. The jets were arranged in both side-by-side and tandem configurations and were injected at 90 deg and 60 deg angles to the plate, with jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 2.2 and 4. The major objective of the study was to determine the effect of a nonuniform (vs uniform) jet velocity profile, simulating the exhaust of a turbo-fan engine. Nonuniform jets with a high-velocity outer annulus and a low-velocity core induced stronger negative pressure fields than uniform jets with the same mass flow rate. However, nondimensional lift losses (lift loss/jet thrust lift) due to such nonuniform jets were lower than lift losses due to uniform jets. Changing the injection angle from 90 deg to 60 deg resulted in moderate (for tandem jets) to significant (for side-by-side jets) increases in the induced negative pressures, even though the surface area influenced by the jets tended to reduce as the angle decreased. Jets arranged in the side-by-side configuration led to significant jet-induced lift losses exceeding, in some cases, lift losses reported for single jets

Folgers: The New Era of Coffee

The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss the repositioning of the Folgers brand through a new and improved Brand Pyramid and two strategic recommendations. In order to come to these conclusions, the group utilized secondary research to gain a background on the coffee industry as a whole, the acquisition of the Folgers brand by Smucker’s, the competition relative to Folgers in the coffee market, a social media analysis focusing on the competitors, and finally research regarding the Millennial generation. The conclusions from this secondary research led to the methodology used in order to come up with the new pyramid and recommendations. This methodology included two surveys, the first being sent out to friends and relatives through the use of social media, and the second which utilized the tool Survey Monkey Audience, which was sent to a paid panel of 18-34 year-old coffee drinkers. A stipend of $500 was utilized by the group in order to use the survey resources and to provide monetary rewards to participants in said surveys

System Informacji Ochrony Zdrowia w Polsce

Autorzy scharakteryzowali znaczenie identyfikacji i uwierzytelniania w ochronie zdrowie. Podkreślili, że w ochronie zdrowia proces obiegu informacji jest dość skomplikowany. W zależności od typu danych informacji, drogi ich przepływu mogą być zróżnicowane. Obecnie w Polsce obieg informacji w sektorze zdrowia nie jest w pełni synchronizowany ani ustrukturyzowany. Jednak istnieje wiele projektów realizowanych lub już zrealizowanych, które mają na celu poprawę i zabezpieczenie obiegu informacji w ochronie zdrowia. W teorii istnieje jeden system uregulowany prawnie o nazwie System Informacji Ochrony Zdrowia. System ten stał się przedmiotem szczegółowego omówienia w artykule.The authors have characterized the importance of identification and authentication in health protection. They emphasized that in the health care process information flow is quite complicated. Depending on the type of information, the flow paths may vary. Currently in Poland the information flow in the health sector is not fully synchronized or structured. However, there are many projects implemented or already implemented, which aim to improve and secure the circulation of information in health care. In theory, there is one system regulated legally called the Health Protection Information System. This system has been the subject of a detailed discussion in the article

Silicon everywhere, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2004, nr 1

The paper discusses the ubiquity of silicon and its compounds in the geo-chemical structure of the Earth. The dominant role of mineral oxidized compounds of silicon as the building material of the primordial magma, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks is also shown. The reader's attention is also attracted to the numerous varieties of silicon compounds valued for their intrinsic beauty. Finally, methods of silicon production for electronics purposes are briefly addressed

Poziomy bezpieczeństwa w systemie identyfikacji elektronicznej w służbie zdrowia

Autorzy scharakteryzowali poziomy bezpieczeństwa zależne od rodzaju danych, których dotyczą. Podkreślili wymagania jakie muszą być spełnione aby uzyskać dostęp do danych medycznych oraz innych danych z formularzy urzędowych. Omówili procedurę notyfikacji (ang. notification) systemów identyfikacji elektronicznej zwracając uwagę na potrzebę stworzenie listy wiarygodnych systemów posługujących się sprawdzonymi środkami identyfikacji elektronicznej uznawanymi na terenie Unii Europejskiej, opracowanymi przez podmioty pub-liczne jak i prywatne. Prześledzili proces uwierzytelnienia z uwzględnieniem sektora służby zdrowia.The authors of this article have characterised the safety levels depending on the nature of data they refer to. Additionally, they have stressed the requirements that must be met in order for an access to medical and other official data to be obtained. They have also discussed the procedure of electronic identification systems notification, while simultaneously paying attention to the necessity of creating a register of reliable systems using proven means of electronic identification accepted within the European Union and designed by both public and private entities. Furthermore, they have traced the authentication process, and in particular the one conducted in the health service sector

Doświadczenia międzynarodowe w zakresie systemu elektronicznej identyfikacji

Autorzy mówili modele systemów identyfikacji elektronicznej stosowane w krajach europejskich i USA. W wielu krajach państwo w ramach zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa i interoperacyjności określiło jedynie podstawowe standardy funkcjonowania dla zaangażowanych instytucji. Scharakteryzowano rynek usług zaufania w Europie, podkreślając jego duże zróżnicowanie. Najczęstszą usługą zaufania oferowaną przed przedsiębiorców, instytucji prywatnych i publicznych jest wyda-wanie kwalifikowanych certyfikatów. Natomiast najrzadziej, prawdopodobnie ze względu na poziom skomplikowania przedsięwzięcia dostawcy usług zaufania podejmują się stworzenia kwalifikowanych usług, rejestrowanych elektronicznych doręczeń. Omówiono także kwestie bezpieczeństwa w elektronicznej identyfikacji podejmowane w państwa EU.The authors have discussed the models of electronic identification systems used in the European countries and the USA. In many countries, the state has defined only the basic standards of functioning for the engaged institutions as part of safety and interoperability guarantee. The trust services market in Europe has been defined, while putting an emphasis on its diversity. The most common trust service offered by entrepreneurs or private and public institutions is the issuance of qualified certificates. On the other hand, the trust services providers very rarely undertake to create qualified electronically registered services, probably due to the complexity of the enterprise. Also the issues of electronic identification security undertaken by the EU states