The Potential Application of Selected Fungi Strains in Removal of Commercial Detergents and Biotechnology

The consumption of synthetic detergents is increasing year by year due to increasing urbanization, which reflects on higher concentration of this pollutant in the environment. In order to purify wastewaters from different pollutants, the application of new technologies such as bioremediation is necessary. From the environmental point of view, it is important to identify microorganisms that are tolerant to the presence of this pollutant. This chapter presents the experimental evaluation of ability of several fungal species, isolated from municipal sewage and industrial wastewater, in removing a high detergent concentration (anionic surfactants) from the environment as well as their potential application in biotechnology. The selected fungi were cultivated in Czapek-Dox liquid medium supplemented with commercial detergent “Merix” (Henkel, Kruševac, Serbia). Changes of physicochemical and biochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, dry weight biomass, and enzymes activities such as alkaline protease and phosphatase were evaluated during 16 days of cultivation. The obtained results could be useful in the implementation of tested fungi in bioremediation processes and in biotechnology

Biochemical characteristics of selected species of fungi in the function of biodegradation detergent

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja visokih koncentracija komercijalnog deterdženta „Merix“, (Henkel, Kruševac) na rast, razvoj i biohemijske karakteristike testiranih gljiva koje su izolovane iz kanalizacionih i industrijskih otpadnih voda. Gljive su gajene u tečnoj hranljivoj podlozi po Čapeku (kontrola) i istoj podlozi sa dodatkom deterdženta u koncentraciji 0,3% i 0,5%. U oglednom periodu od 3. do 16. dana ispitivane su promene: pH i redoks potencijala; količine proteina, slobodnih i ukupnih organskih kiselina; kvantitativni I kvalitativni sastav aminokiselina, kao i aktivnost određenih enzima u fermentacionoj tečnosti. Istovremeno je ispitivana i koncentracija deterdženta (anjonskih komponenti deterdženta) u fermentacionoj tečnosti pomoću MBAS metode. Sve gljive su razgradile deterdžent 0,3% koncentracije, a M. racemosus je razgradila i deterdžent 0,5% koncentracije. Deterdžent je uticao na inhibiciju biomase gljiva u različitom procentu u zavisnosti od vrste gljiva i mesta izolovanja. Kod gljive M. racemosus deterdžent je delovao stimulativno na biomasu, tako da je veća biomasa izmerena u podlozi sa 0,5% deterdžentom. Prisustvo deterdženta u hranljivoj podlozi i njegovih produkata degradacije tokom fermentacije gljiva uticalo je na promene svih ispitivanih biohemijskih parametara i enzimske aktivnosti.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high concentrations of commercial detergent "Merix" (Henkel, Krusevac) on growth and development and biochemical characteristics of the tested fungi were isolated from sewage and industrial wastewater. Fungi were grown in a liquid Czapek nutrient medium (control) and in the same medium with the addition of 0.3% and 0.5% detergent. The changing of pH values and redox potential; amounts of protein, free and total organic acids, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the amino acids, as well as the activity of certain enzymes were investigated in the fermentation liquid during the experimental period from 3 to 16 days. At the same time, concentration of detergent (anionic components of the detergent) in the fermentation broth was examined using MBAS method. All of the tested fungi were degrade detergent in concentration of 0.3%, but only M. racemosus decompose detergent in concentration of 0.5%. Detergent influenced the inhibition of the fungal biomass in varying percentages depending on the type of fungus and isolation. Detergent has a stimulating effect on biomass of fungus M. racemosus, so a greater biomass is measured in a medium containing 0.5% detergent. The presence of detergent in the nutrient medium and its degradation products during fermentation of fungi influenced the change of all the examined biochemical parameters and enzyme activities

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Fresh Fruits and Some Traditional Products of Wild Grown Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

The current study investigated and compared phytochemical and antioxidant activity of fresh fruit and some traditional products of Rubus idaeus grown in mountain region of Serbia. The total organic acid, total sugar content, total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins and vitamin C were evaluated. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using two antioxidant systems 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The fresh fruit contained highest amount of vitamin C (46.62 mg AA g(-1)) and total organic acids (882.22 mg CA g(-1)). The sweet preserve had highest content of total phenolics (200.83 mg GA g(-1)), flavonoids (12.85 mg RU g(-1)) and tannins (39.11 mg g(-1)). The juice had the highest total anthocyanin content (107.22 mu g mL(-1)) and total sugar content (25 degrees Brix). The best antioxidant activity in ABTS assay had juice (IC50 = 4.87 mu mol TE g(-1)), followed by sweet preserve (IC50 = 5.14 mu mol TE g(-1)), almost identical to standard gallic acid. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, sweet fruit preserve showed significant better antioxidant activity (IC50 = 41.27 mu g mL(-1)) compared to juice (IC50 = 106.07 mu g mL(-1)) and fresh fruit (IC50 = 294.79 mu g mL(-1)). Our results indicated promising perspectives for usage of R. idaeus fresh fruits and traditional products studied with considerable levels of vitamin C, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity

Produkcija biotehnološki korisnih metabolita gljivom mucor racemosus u tečnoj czapek-dox podlozi sa dodatkom sintetičkog deterdženta

The capacity of native isolate Mucor racemosus to produce several potentially useful metabolites in a liquid Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with powder anionic-type detergent MERIX (Henkel, Serbia) at concentrations of 0.3% (D3) and 0.5% (D5) was examined in this study. The changes of pH values, the total protein content, activities of acid and alkaline invertase, α-amylase, as well as biomass dry weight were evaluated during fungal growth from inoculation until the 16 th day. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative amino acids content of 16 days old fermentation broth was determined by HPLC. D3 considerably enhanced the biomass dry weight (43%), α-amylase activity (49.59%) and the quantity of arginine (40.38%), and also influenced the production of a high amount of proteins (5.32 g/L). D5 significantly enhanced the biomass dry weight (53%), the quantity of arginine (119.09%) and alanine (192.79%) and induced the production of valine, serine and glutamate. In the D5 medium, α-amylase retained 100% of its activity. The acid and alkaline invertase activity was moderately inhibited by D3 and D5. The obtained results may have considerable biotechnological, industrial and environmental potential

Phytochemical, Free Radical Scavenging and Antifungal Profile of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Seeds

This work was conceptualized with the goal to investigate the phytochemical, free radical scavenging and antifungal profile of Cuscuta campestrisYunck. seeds. Total phenolics, amino acid and carbohydrate contents were evaluated in ethanolic, acetone and chloroform extract. Effective antioxidant activity was evaluated throughout seven antioxidant methods. The antifungal activity was assessed against eight fungal strains and Candida albicans. The results showed total phenol, flavonoid, flavonols and phenolic acids contents in amount of 1.51-6.35mg GAE/mL, 78-425g RU/mL, 1.04-2.98mg QU/g and 12.01-30.58g CAE/mL, respectively. The total amino acids and carbohydrates content ranged from 8.29 to 185.45g Gly/mL and from 0.05 to 0.12g Glu/mL. The ethanolic extract showed the best antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum, DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. The best activity in ferrous ion chelating and H2O2 assays had the acetone extract, whereas the best hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was observed with the chloroform extract. The ethanolic extract at a concentration of 6mg/mL proved to be the most effective antimycotic, since it inhibited the growth of all tested fungi except Penicillium verrucosum. The obtained results indicate that C.campestris seeds could be attributed to a potential source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical products.This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: Jakovljević, V. D.; Vrvić, M. M.; Vrbničanin, S.; Sarić-Krsmanović, M. Phytochemical, Free Radical Scavenging and Antifungal Profile of Cuscuta Campestris Yunck. Seeds. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2018, 15 (8). [https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201800174]

Broth depending production of extracellular enzymes by enterobacteria isolated from dairy food (Serbian cheese)

In this paper, we investigated, for the first time, the enzyme activity of enterobacteria from cheese from Southeastern Serbia (Sokobanja), which was produced in a traditional way. The tested bacteria were selected from the spring, summer, and autumn collections and grown in two different broths. The enzyme activity was investigated in the two broths and measured using spectrophotometry method. It was concluded that there were differences in the amount of extracellular enzymes depending on the broths. A statistically significant rise in the amount of enzymes was demonstrated in Tripton soy broth. Bacteria in cheese do not possess the ability to produce extracellular enzymes in large amounts. Therefore, they do not change the organoleptic characteristics of the cheese. There is a possibility that if they are found outside their natural environment (cheese), without interactions with antagonists, they may exhibit stronger enzyme activity.Publishe

Detection of enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally made Serbian cheese and their role in the formation of its specific flavor

Nine species (sixteen isolates) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditionally made Serbian cheese were evaluated for their enzymatic activities in order to select indigenous strains of technical interest for the manufacture of cheese. These strains were selected based on their previously determined biochemical and physiological characteristics, as well as their antimicrobial activity, and were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (one isolate), Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis (five isolates), Lactobacillus fermentum (two isolates), Lb. plantarum (one isolate), Lb. brevis (one isolate), Enterococcus faecalis (three isolates), E. faecium (one isolate), E. durans (one isolate) and E. hirae (one isolate). The enzymatic activities (acid and alkaline invertases, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline protease, a-amylase) were measured by using the spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that all Lactobacillus isolates showed protease, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase activities, while the activities of acid and alkaline invertases were not observed. The Lactococcus isolates showed protease, acid invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities, except the KGPMF50 isolate, which showed no alkaline phosphatase activity. The tested Enterococcus isolates showed weakly and strain-specific enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the enzymes produced by the investigated strains have a role in the formation of the specific flavor of cheese and that these isolates, especially Lactobacillus isolates, showed the potential for use in the dairy industry or applied biotechnology.Publishe

The effects of chronic administration of cisplatin on oxidative stress in the isolated rat heart [Efekti hronične primene cisplatine na oksidacioni stres izolovanog srca pacova]

Taken into consideration that molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cardiotoxicity are still not clear the aim of this study was to compare the production of oxidative stress parameters in the isolated rat heart between animals chronically treated with cisplatin and saline. The hearts of male Wistar albino rats (n = 24, 12 per group, age 8 weeks, body mass 250±50 g) were excised and perfused according to the Langendorff technique at gradually increased coronary perfusion pressures (40-120 cmH2O). We followed the production of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrites and also index of lipid peroxidation during the changes of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) (from 40 to 120 cm H2O) in coronary venous effluent. Modifications CPP were performed in order to determined if oxidative stress is involved in coronary endothelium response in conditions of hypoxia (lower than 60 cm H2O) and hyperoxia (higher than 80 cm H2O). Based on the results of this research we can conclude that with enhancement of CPP the values of oxidative stress statistically increased. However, this increment is more prominent in control group as a result of preserved endothelium and its more powerful response to hyperoxia. On the other hand, damaged endothelium of cisplatin-treated animals had weaker response to hyperoxia, and also lower antioxidant capacity. © 2018, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved

Supplementary material for the article: Milošev, M. Z.; Jakovljević, K.; Joksović, M. D.; Stanojković, T.; Matić, I. Z.; Perović, M.; Tešić, V.; Kanazir, S.; Mladenović, M.; Rodić, M. V.; et al. Mannich Bases of 1,2,4-Triazole3-Thione Containing Adamantane Moiety: Synthesis, Preliminary Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 2017, 89 (6), 943–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12920

Supporting Information: [https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12920]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2482]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3221

Supplementary material for the article: Milošev, M. Z.; Jakovljević, K.; Joksović, M. D.; Stanojković, T.; Matić, I. Z.; Perović, M.; Tešić, V.; Kanazir, S.; Mladenović, M.; Rodić, M. V.; et al. Mannich Bases of 1,2,4-Triazole3-Thione Containing Adamantane Moiety: Synthesis, Preliminary Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 2017, 89 (6), 943–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12920

Supporting Information: [https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.12920]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2482]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3221