रोहिंग्या समस्या और समाधान

रोहिंग्या समस्या वर्तमान औद्योगिकरण एवं वैश्वीकरण के युग में एक ज्वलंत शरणार्थी समस्या बनकर उभरी है। जिसने ना सिर्फ संबंधित राष्ट्रों को, बल्कि अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समुदाय को भी व्यापक रूप से प्रभावित किया है। रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी समस्या एवं विश्व के सर्वाधिक उत्पीड़ित मानवीय समस्या के कारण राष्ट्रों की विदेश नीतियां प्रभावित हुई है। रोहिंग्या नागरिकता से रिक्त अल्पसंख्यक मानव समुदाय है। नागरिकता रहित मानव समुदाय का किसी भी राष्ट्र में कोई मूल्य नहीं होता है। क्योंकि वह अपने जीवन के लिए मानवीय अधिकारों को, राष्ट्र कि नागरिकता के अभाव में प्राप्त नहीं कर सकता है। वर्तमान वैश्विक उदारीकरण एवं लोकतांत्रिक युग में नागरिकता और अधिकारों से वंचित, उत्पीड़ित व्यापक मानव समुदाय का होना विश्व की कुंठित मानसिकता और विकसित मानव सभ्यता पर प्रश्नचिन्ह लगाता है। जिस प्रकार ज्ञान के अभाव के कारण आदिम समय में मानव प्रजाति बर्बर थी। उसी प्रकार आज नागरिकता से रिक्त एवं अधिकारों से रहित रोहिंग्या समुदाय को संबंधित राष्ट्रों के लिए एवं अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर शांति, सुरक्षा, संस्कृति और सभ्यता के लिए खतरे के रूप में देखा जा रहा है, तो इसका कारण इस अल्पसंख्यक समुदाय को ज्ञान, शिक्षा और अधिकार से वंचित रखा जाना ही है। अतः रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी समस्या का स्थाई समाधान के लिए राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर आर्थिक, सामाजिक, न्यायिक संगठनों एवं मानव अधिकार संगठनों द्वारा व्यापक, निरंतर और ठोस प्रयास की आवश्यकता है। इसके साथ ही संबंधित राष्ट्रों द्वारा अपने देश के संविधान के नागरिकता कानून में, स्थाई शरणार्थियों के संबंध में, आंशिक संशोधन कर इस समस्या को हल किया जा सकता है। &nbsp

Aromatic Rice of India: It’s Types and Breeding Strategies

The coalescence of organoleptic traits viz., pleasant aroma, cooked rice texture, and taste make aromatic rice unique and distinguished from non-aromatic rice. Aromatic rice is cultivated in every rice growing country; with each country has its own indigenous collection. International trade of rice is dominated by Indica (long grained), Japonica (short grained), aromatic rice (Basmati and Jasmine) and glutinous rice; amidst which, Basmati types from India and Pakistan; and Jasmine types from Thailand have phenomenal demand. In India all types of aromatic rice are cultivated based on Kernel length; short, medium, long and very long grained. Basmati varieties own the major market, while other types of aromatic rice besides Basmati are popular in local market only. The country inherits rich diversity of aromatic rice germplasm; with more than 300 different types, each of the rice growing states of India has its own locally popular aromatic rice varieties. India a country where two third of its population consume rice as part of their daily food; aromatic rice always remain their favorite. Basmati, by virtue of its excellent qualities it dominates both national and international market. Every year, Basmati ranks first in respect of foreign exchange earned from the export of agricultural products from India (APEDA). The phenomenal demand and export figures have augmented Basmati Breeding program. However, only few aromatic varieties are cultivated depending on their demand, and their breeding program is also limited. In India, Basmati has over-shadowed other types of aromatic rice in market and in plant breeding programs too. Breeding for Basmati varieties is undertaken by prime agricultural institutions of India. The country regulates quality standards and development of Basmati varieties with the help of Export of Basmati Rice (Quality Control and Inspection) Rules 2003; Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA); and Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF). However, no such initiatives have been taken to promote the development of other aromatic rice varieties of India besides Basmati

Sperm Motility Regulatory Proteins: A Tool to Enhance Sperm Quality

Sperm forward motility is an essential parameter in mammalian fertilization. Studies from our laboratory have identified and characterized a few unique sperm motility regulatory proteins/glycoproteins from the male reproductive fluids and mammalian blood serum. The purified sperm motility-initiating protein (MIP) from caprine epididymal plasma as well as the forward motility-stimulating factor (FMSF) and motility-stimulating protein (MSP) from buffalo and goat serum, respectively, have high efficacy to initiate or increase motility in nonmotile or less motile sperm. Antibody of sperm motility inhibitory factor (MIF-II) has the high potential to enhance sperm vertical velocity and forward motility by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level. The appearance and disappearance of D-galactose–specific lectin and its receptor along the epididymis has been reported to be involved in motility regulation in spermatozoa. A novel synthetic cryopreservation method and role of lipid to protect membrane damage during cryopreservation have been demonstrated. Motility-promoting proteins may be extremely useful for improving cattle breeding and breeding of endangered species, thereby helping in enhanced production of animal products as well as in the conservation of animals. Isolated proteins and developed cryopreservation technology may also be beneficial in human infertility clinics to increase the chance of fertilization

Purification and Characterization of a Sperm Motility Inhibiting Factor from Caprine Epididymal Plasma

Several studies have been reported on the occurrence of sperm motility inhibiting factors in the male reproductive fluids of different mammalian species, but these proteins have not been adequately purified and characterized. A novel sperm motility inhibiting factor (MIF-II) has been purified from caprine epididymal plasma (EP) by Hydroxylapatite gel adsorption chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. The MIF-II has been purified to apparent homogeneity and the molecular weight estimated by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration is 160 kDa. MIF-II is a dimeric protein, made up of two subunits each having a molecular mass of 80 kDa as shown by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point of MIF-II is 5.1 as determined by chromatofocusing and isoelectric focusing. It is a heat labile protein and maximal active at the pH 6.9 to 7.5. The sperm motility inhibiting protein factor at 2 µg/ml (12.5 nM) level showed maximal motility-inhibiting activity. The observation that the epididymal plasma factor lowered the intracellular cAMP level of spermatozoa in a concentration-dependent manner suggests that it may block the motility of caprine cauda spermatozoa by interfering the cAMP dependent motility function. The results revealed that the purified protein factor has the potential of sperm motility inhibition and may serve as a vaginal contraceptive. The antibody raised against the MIF-II has the potential for enhancement of forward motility of cauda-spermatozoa. This antibody may thus be useful for solving some of the problems of male infertility due to low sperm motility

Feasibility study for detection of retinal amyloid in clinical trials: The Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer\u27s Disease (A4) trial

Introduction: The retina and brain exhibit similar pathologies in patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to access the retina through imaging techniques opens the possibility for non-invasive evaluation of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) pathology. While retinal amyloid deposits are detected in individuals clinically diagnosed with AD, studies including preclinical individuals are lacking, limiting assessment of the feasibility of retinal imaging as a biomarker for early-stage AD risk detection. Methods: In this small cross-sectional study we compare retinal and cerebral amyloid in clinically normal individuals who screened positive for high amyloid levels through positron emission tomography (PET) from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer\u27s Disease (A4) trial as well as a companion cohort of individuals who exhibited low levels of amyloid PET in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) study. We quantified the number of curcumin-positive fluorescent retinal spots from a small subset of participants from both studies to determine retinal amyloid deposition at baseline. Results: The four participants from the A4 trial showed a greater number of retinal spots compared to the four participants from the LEARN study. We observed a positive correlation between retinal spots and brain amyloid, as measured by the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). Discussion: The results of this small pilot study support the use of retinal fundus imaging for detecting amyloid deposition that is correlated with brain amyloid PET SUVr. A larger sample size will be necessary to fully ascertain the relationship between amyloid PET and retinal amyloid both cross-sectionally and longitudinally

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

सामाजिक व राजनैतिक कार्यों में डॉ.खूबचंद बघेल की सहभागिता का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन

छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य का प्रथम स्वप्न दृष्टा के नाम से जाने जाने वाले डॉ.खूबचंद बघेल छत्तीसगढ़ के महान सपूतों में से एक हैंप् डॉ.खूबचंद बघेल का छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के निर्माण में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा है। डॉ. खूबचंद बघेल जब छत्तीसगढ़ीया लोगों के अधिकारों के लिए आवाज उठा रहे थे,तब उनकी आवाज पूरे भारत और पूरी दुनिया में ठीक छत्तीसगढ़िया लोगों की तरह उनकी आवाजों का समर्थन कर रही थी। उनके लिए छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य का अर्थ केवल राजनीतिक सत्ता प्राप्त कर लेना भर नहीं था, बल्कि शोषण से मुक्ति और सम्मानित जीवन के लक्ष्य को हासिल करना भी था। डॉ. खूबचंद बघेल की भावना के मूल में क्षेत्रीयता से कहीं अधिक राष्ट्रीयता पूरी प्रबलता के साथ समाहित थी। उन्होंने समाज में व्याप्त अनेक बुराइयों को दूर करने के लिए अनेक कदम उठाए । समाज में व्याप्त छुआछूत, ऊंच-नीच तथा जाति प्रथा की कुरीतियों को दूर करने का भरसक प्रयास किया । इसके लिए उन्हें अपने ही समाज के लोगों का विरोध का सामना करना पड़ा और उन्हें समाज से बहिष्कृत कर दिया गया। उन्होंने सामाजिक बुराइयों को दूर करने के लिए अनेक नाटकों का मंचन किया

A novel SOD mimic with a redox-modulating mn (II) complex, ML1 attenuates high glucose-induced abnormalities in intracellular Ca2+ transients and prevents cardiac cell death through restoration of mitochondrial function

A key contributor to the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial superoxide can be adequately countered by Mn-superoxide dismutase, which constitutes the first line of defense against mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our group has recently synthesized low molecular weight SOD mimics, demonstrating superior protection against oxidative damages to kidney cells. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the protective effect of the SOD mimic ML1 against high glucose induced cardiomyopathy in diabetes. Mechanistic studies using rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 showed that ML1 markedly inhibited High Glucose (HG) induced cytotoxicity. This was associated with increased Mn-SOD expression along with decreased mitochondrial O2·-, ONOO- and Ca2+ accumulation, unveiling its anti-oxidant potentials. ML1 also attenuated HG-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and release of cytochrome c, suggesting that ML1 effectuates its cytoprotective action via the preservation of mitochondrial function. In an ex-vivo model normal adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were isolated and cultured in either normal glucose (5.5 mmol/l glucose) or HG (25.5 mmol/l glucose) conditions and the efficiency of ML-1 was analyzed by studying contractile function and calcium indices. Mechanical properties were assessed using a high-speed video-edge detection system, and intracellular Ca2+ transients were recorded in fura-2–loaded myocytes. Pretreatment of myocytes with ML1 (10 nM) ameliorated HG induced abnormalities in relaxation including depressed peak shortening, prolonged time to 90% relenghthening, and slower Ca2+ transient decay. Thus, ML1 exhibits significant cardio protection against oxidative damage, perhaps through its potent antioxidant action via activation of Mn-SOD

Mechanisms of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

The current study aimed to establish the mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Punica granatum leaves (MEPGL) in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, and acute toxicity study of MEPGL were carried out. Various concentrations of MEPGL (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) were administered orally to diabetic rats for 45 days on a daily basis. The antidiabetic effect of MEPGL was examined by measuring blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as with an oral glucose tolerance test. The antioxidant effect of MEPGL was determined by analyzing hepatic and renal antioxidant markers, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation. The other biochemical markers alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also studied. Type 2 diabetes significantly altered these parameters, while oral administration of the MEPGL significantly ameliorated them. Moreover, the pancreatic histopathological changes were attenuated with MEPGL treatment. In a nutshell, oral MEPGL administration in diabetic rats showed antidiabetic activity due to its antioxidant activity, most probably due to the gallic acid, ellagic acid, and apigenin found in MEPGL

Genetic improvement of grain protein content and other health-related constituents of wheat grain

It is known that nearly one-third of the world population currently suffers from malnutrition due to lack of availability of adequate quantity of protein, vitamins and a number of micronutrients including Fe and Zn in their diet. A lack of other desirable bioactive compounds and dietary fibres (DF) in the diet also causes a variety of diseases. In some regions of the world, occurrence of Cd and As in wheat grain in excess of tolerance limits also adversely affects human health. In this short review, we summarize the current status of knowledge about the genetic control of the accumulation of a variety of nutritional constituents in wheat grain and then describe examples where noticeable improvements have been made using breeding approaches. We also describe the gaps that need to be bridged for better understanding of the genetic architecture of these important traits. The development and use of molecular markers in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for developing wheat varieties with improved grain quality has also been discussed