From downtown to the outskirts: A radio survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.We present a newly enlarged census of the compact radio population towards the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) using high-sensitivity continuum maps (3-10 μ Jy beam-1) from a total of ∼30-h centimetre-wavelength observations over an area of ∼20 × 20 arcmin2 obtained in the C-band (4-8 GHz) with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in its high-resolution A-configuration. We thus complement our previous deep survey of the innermost areas of the ONC, now covering the field of view of the Chandra Orion Ultra-deep Project (COUP). Our catalogue contains 521 compact radio sources of which 198 are new detections. Overall, we find that 17 per cent of the (mostly stellar) COUP sources have radio counterparts, while 53 per cent of the radio sources have COUP counterparts. Most notably, the radio detection fraction of X-ray sources is higher in the inner cluster and almost constant for r > 3 arcmin (0.36 pc) from θ1 Ori C, suggesting a correlation between the radio emission mechanism of these sources and their distance from the most massive stars at the centre of the cluster, e.g. due to increased photoionisation of circumstellar discs. The combination with our previous observations 4 yr prior lead to the discovery of fast proper motions of up to ∼373 km s-1 from faint radio sources associated with ejecta of the OMC1 explosion. Finally, we search for strong radio variability. We found changes in flux density by a factor of ≲5 within our observations and a few sources with changes by a factor >10 on long time-scales of a few years.Peer reviewe

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Testing of the International Sedentary Assessment Tool for the Spanish Population

Sedentary behavior (SB) is currently considered a public health problem with a high cost of care. Evaluating SB is essential for prevention and early management of physical inactivity. The International Sedentary Assessment Tool (ISAT) is an instrument that has been developed to assess SB. The aim of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and a psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the ISAT. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 432 participants were included in this study. A double forward method and a backward method were used to translate the ISAT. A psychometric analysis of internal consistency and concurrent criterion validity was performed according to the most up-to-date Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). No language difficulties were found in the translation process. The Spanish version of ISAT was readable and acceptable. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.80). Criterion validity was demonstrated (rho=0.63). The Spanish version of the ISAT is a valid and reliable measure that can be used clinically to assess SB. Further studies assessing other psychometric properties are needed.The APC was funded by Cátedra de Fisioterapia at Universidad de Málaga

Identification of Tools for the Functional and Subjective Assessment of Patients in an Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Review

Aquatic therapy is one of the most common treatments for alleviating musculoskeletal pathologies. Its effectiveness has been evaluated with functional tests and questionnaires. Functional tests are used in aquatic therapy; however, in most cases, they are carried out in a non-aquatic environment and, as such, their results may differ from those of tests performed in an aquatic environment. A systematic review was performed to assess the accuracy of functional tests and patient-reported outcomes to assess aquatic therapy interventions. The authors conducted a literature search in July 2019. In total, 70,863 records were identified after duplicates removed. Of these, 14 records were included about functional tests assessment in aquatic environment and 725 records for questionnaires. The majority of the tests had also been assessed in a dry environment, allowing differences and similarities between the tests in the two environments to be observed. Different variables have been assessed in tests included in the present systematic review (cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, kinematic, physiological, kinetic responses and rating of perceived exertion) which are included in the manuscript. Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey were the assessments most commonly used by the different authors

Estimators for structural damage detection using principal component analysis

Structural damage detection is an important issue in conservation. In this research, principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to the temporal variation of modal frequencies obtained from a dynamic test of a scaled steel structure subjected to different damages and different temperatures. PCA has been applied in order to reduce, as much as possible, the number of variables involved in the problem of structural damage detection. The aim of the PCA study is to determine the minimum number of principal components necessary to explain all the modal frequency variation. Three estimators have been studied: T2 (the square of the vector norm of the projection in the principal component plan), Q (the square of the norm of the residual vector), and the variance explained. In the study, the results related to the undamaged structure needed one principal component to explain the modal frequency variation. However, the high damage configurations need five principal components to explain the modal frequency. The T2 and Q estimators have been arranged in order of increasing damage for all the performed experimental tests. The results indicate that these estimators could be useful to detect damage and to distinguish among a range of intensities of structural damage.This research has been partially funded by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICIN) through project with reference: PID2020-117374RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A EXPERIÊNCIA DO SPORT EDUCATION NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UTILIZANDO O MODELO DE ENSINO EM UMA UNIDADE DIDÁTICA DE FUTSAL

This research seeks to discuss the educational possibilities of the use of the Sport Education teaching model in Physical Education classes at a Secondary Education public school. For this, we conducted an action research study – a cyclical process that resulted in integration of the model into a futsal teaching unit. From the proposal, we understand that the main advantage of using the teaching model is the improvement in students’ learning process. For teachers, Sport Education provides an overview of the teaching unit plan to be used. However, this demands permanent work from teachers, who sometimes need to develop activities outside of their weekly workload. Therefore, we understand that testing the experience in different environments is necessary to know other advantages and difficulties of working with that proposal. Esta investigación busca dialogar sobre las posibilidades educativas de la utilización del modelo de enseñanza Sport Education en las clases de Educación Física de la enseñanza media de una escuela pública. Para ello, desarrollamos una investigación-acción, un proceso cíclico que resultó en la integración del modelo en una unidad didáctica de futsal. A partir de la propuesta, entendemos que la principal ventaja de utilizar ese modelo de enseñanza es la mejoría del proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos. Para los profesores, el Sport Education posibilita una visualización general de la planificación de la unidad didáctica a ser trabajada. Sin embargo, esto demanda un trabajo continuo del docente, que a veces necesita desarrollar actividades fuera de su carga horaria semanal. Frente a eso, entendemos que se hace necesario probar la experiencia en diferentes ambientes para conocer otras ventajas y dificultades de trabajar con esa propuesta. Esta pesquisa busca dialogar sobre as possibilidades educativas da utilização do modelo de ensino Sport Education nas aulas de Educação Física do ensino médio de uma escola pública. Para isso, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa-ação, um processo cíclico que resultou na integração do modelo em uma unidade didática de futsal. A partir da proposta, entendemos que a principal vantagem de se fazer uso do modelo de ensino é a melhora no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para os professores, o Sport Education possibilita uma visualização geral do planejamento da unidade didática a ser trabalhada. No entanto, isso demanda um trabalho contínuo do docente, que, por vezes, precisa desenvolver atividades fora de sua carga horária semanal. Diante disso, entendemos que se faz necessário testar a experiência em diferentes ambientes para conhecer outras vantagens e dificuldades de se trabalhar com essa proposta.

Estimación de propiedades mecánicas a tracción mediante Small Punch Test de aceros AISI 1045 y AISI 4140. (ESTIMATION OF TENSILE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BY MEANS OF SMALL PUNCH TEST OF AISI 1045 AND AISI 4140 STEELS)

ResumenEste documento presenta la estimación de las propiedades resistencia a la fluencia, Sy, y resistencia última, Su, en aceros laminados AISI 1045 y AISI4140 mediante la técnica de Small Punch. Los resultados en el acero 1045 comparados con los obtenidos por norma convencional presentaron errores de 7 y 10 por ciento, y para el 4140, errores de 16 y 5 por ciento. También se analizaron cada una de las orientaciones que se pueden obtener para la técnica Small Punch. Para el acero 1045 los resultados fueron muy similares sin importar su orientación. En el acero 4140 se presentó un comportamiento diferente en dos de las tres orientaciones analizadas.Palabra(s) Clave: Aceros, Caracterización, Propiedades mecánicas, Small Punch. Abstract This paper presents the estimation of tensile properties yield strength, Sy, and ultimate strength, Su, in AISI 1045 and AISI 4140 steels, using small punch test. The results in 1045 steel compared to those obtained by conventional standard presented an error of 7 and 10 percent, and for 4140, errors of 16 and 5 percent. It was also analyzed each of the orientations that can be obtained for the Small Punch test. For 1045 steel the results were very similar regardless of their orientation. In steel 4140 a different behavior was presented in two of the three orientations analyzedKeywords: Characterization, Mechanical properties, Small Punch, steels

Muscle Activation and Distribution during Four Test/Functional Tasks: A Comparison between Dry-Land and Aquatic Environments for Healthy Older and Young Adults

Background: The use of rehabilitation protocols carried out in water has been progressively increasing due to the favorable physical properties of the water. Electromyography allows one to register muscle activity even under water. Aim: To compare muscle activity between two groups (healthy young adults (HYA) and healthy older adults (HOA)) in two different environments (dry land and aquatic) using surface electromyography during the execution of four different test/functional movements. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. HYA and HOA carried out four functional tasks (Step Up and Down, Sit TO Stand test, Gait Initiation and Turns During Gait) in two different environments (dry land and aquatic). Absolute and relative muscle activation was compared between each group and between each environment. In addition, the stability of the measured was calculated through a test-retest (ICC 2:1). Results: Within the same environment there were significant differences between young and older adults in three of the four functional tasks. In contrast, in the gait initiation, hardly any significant differences were found between the two groups analysed, except for the soleus and the anterior tibial. Measurement stability ranged from good to excellent. Conclusions: Level of the musculature involvement presents an entirely different distribution when the test/functional task is performed on dry land or in water. There are differences both in the relative activation of the musculature and in the distribution of the partition of the muscles comparing older and young adults within the same environment

Caracterización del sistema de producción avícola de traspatio en el Estado de Campeche, México.

A study was conducted to characterize the backyard chicken production system in Campeche State, Mexico, as the basis of a program for utilizing local poultry genetic resources. A total of 260 surveys were administered in person. The parents undertake backyard production activities. Farmers have, on average, 0.20 ± 0.1 hectares for raising local chickens (LC). Flock size was 24.4 ± 1.3 birds per household. The number of egg/hen/year was 45.8 ± 1.6. Confined and semi-confined production systems are used. Farmers fed chickens with corn, whereas chicks were fed with commercial feed. During the rainy season, flu and diarrheal diseases are more frequently observed. Body size is the main trait for acquiring/selecting breeders within/outside the flock. Selection of eggs for incubation is based on size and freshness. Feed shortages, diseases, predators, and lack of technical assistance services were the major constraints for LC backyard production. In conclusion, backyard chicken production based on LC provides a readily available source of animal protein and cash income for households in Campeche State, Mexico.Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción avícola de traspatio en el estado de Campeche, México, como el inicio de un programa para la utilización de los recursos genéticos avícolas locales. Se encuestó a un total de 260 productores. Las actividades productivas de traspatio las realizan los padres. Los productores destinan un promedio de 0.20 ± 0.1 hectáreas para la cría de pollos locales (PL). El tamaño de la parvada fue de 24.4 ± 1.3 aves por hogar. El número de huevos/gallina/año fue de 45.8 ± 1.6. Se utiliza tanto el sistema de producción en confinamiento como en semi-confinamiento. Las aves son alimentadas con maíz, excepto los pollitos, que son alimentados con alimento balanceado comercial. Durante la época de lluvias se observan con mayor frecuencia problemas de diarrea y enfermedades respiratorias. El peso corporal es la principal característica por la que las aves reproductoras son seleccionadas dentro y fuera de la parvada. Los huevos destinados a incubación son elegidos con base en su tamaño y el número de días transcurridos desde que son puestos. La producción avícola de traspatio tiene como principales limitantes la falta de alimento para los animales, las enfermedades, los depredadores y la falta de asistencia técnica. En conclusión, la producción avícola de traspatio, basada en animales locales, provee de una fuente fácilmente disponible de proteína de origen animal e ingresos económicos a los hogares del estado de Campeche, México

Metodología para estimar concentraciones de SST en tiempo real en hidrosistemas urbanos a partir de mediciones de turbiedad.

Continuous in situ turbidity measurements can be used to estimate real-time TSS (Total Suspended Solids) concentrations in urban water systems. In order to obtain reliable TSS results from continuous in situ turbidity measurements, a set of methods were developed directed to: (i) assess concentrations and associated uncertainties for instantaneous samples applying lab reference methods, (ii) detect samples with low representativeness by means of multivariate outliers analysis, (iii) establish regression functions between TSS and turbidity values that could be used for obtaining real-time concentrations, accounting for uncertainties. Based on the above elements, a methodology for assessing TSS concentrations based on in situ and continuous turbidity measurements was constructed and coded in MatLab®, obtaining a program untitled DROP (Data Relationships Of water Pollutants).Las mediciones de turbiedad in situ y en continuo pueden ser utilizadas para estimar concentraciones en tiempo real de Sólidos Suspendidos Totales (SST) en hidrosistemas urbanos. Con el fin de obtener resultados confiables de SST a partir de mediciones de turbiedad in situ y en continuo, se desarrollaron una serie de métodos orientados a: (i) estimar concentraciones e incertidumbres asociadas en muestras instantáneas analizadas mediante métodos estándar de laboratorio, (ii) detectar muestras con baja representatividad mediante análisis de outliers multivariados, (iii) establecer relaciones funcionales entre SST y valores de turbiedad que puedan ser explotadas para obtener concentraciones en tiempo real, teniendo en cuenta las incertidumbres. Con base en los elementos mencionados arriba, se desarrolló una metodología para estimar concentraciones de SST a partir de mediciones de turbiedad in situ y en continuo, la cual fue codificada en Mat- Lab®, obteniendo como resultado un programa llamado DROP (Data Relationships Of water Pollutants)

Constructing a small modular stellarator in Latin America

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938118149&partnerID=40&md5=1d385f1e177901beaf6f30228abdd67bThis paper aims at briefly describing the design and construction issues of the stellarator of Costa Rica 1 (SCR-1). The SCR-1 is a small modular stellarator for magnetic confinement of plasma developed by the Plasma Laboratory for Fusion Energy and Applications of the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR). SCR-1 will be a 2-field period small modular stellarator with an aspect ratio > 4.4; low shear configuration with core and edge rotational transform equal to 0.32 and 0.28; it will hold plasma in a 6061-T6 aluminum torus shaped vacuum vessel with an minor plasma radius 54.11 mm, a volume of 13.76 liters (0.01 m3), and major radius R = 238 mm. Plasma will be confined in the volume by on axis magnetic field 43.8 mT generated by 12 modular coils with 6 turns each, carrying a current of 767.8 A per turn providing a total toroidal field (TF) current of 4.6 kA-turn per coil. The coils will be supplied by a bank of cell batteries of 120 V. Typical length of the plasma pulse will be between 4 s to 10 s. The SCR-1 plasmas will be heated by ECH second harmonic at 2.45 GHz with a plasma density cut-off value of 7.45 × 1016 m-3. Two magnetrons with a maximum output power of 2 kW and 3 kW will be used. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Ad Astra Rocket Company,Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica,International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),Universidad Nacional de Costa Ric