Introduction : the making of financial regulation and deregulation : a long view.

Sistema financiero; Riesgo financiero; Mercados financieros; Política financiera;

«Urban Premium» or «Urban Penalty»? The Case of Lisbon, 1840-1912

Using an anthropometric approach, this paper shows that Lisbon, a large and industrialized city, did not suffer from an «urban penalty» during the second half of the nineteenth century. If anything, its residents enjoyed an «urban premium». Two reasons account for this. People in the city, on average, had more regular and better paid jobs, often requiring skills and education. This was much less the case in the countryside. Secondly, rural people in similar occupations were materially less well off. Together, these features gave Lisbon’s inhabitants a welfare advantage over their rural counterparts despite the harsher conditions of the urban environment.Desde un enfoque antropométrico, el presente artículo muestra que Lisboa, ciudad grande e industrializada, no sufrió «penalización urbana» en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, sino todo lo contrario, pues sus habitantes disfrutaron de ventajas por residir en la ciudad. Los habitantes de la ciudad disfrutaron en general de trabajos regulares y mejor pagados, que a menudo demandaban cualificación y experiencia, lo que se observa en menor grado en las zonas rurales. En segundo lugar, los habitantes rurales con trabajos similares fueron menos pudientes. Ambos aspectos dieron a los habitantes de Lisboa ventaja en bienestar sobre sus paisanos rurales, a pesar de las condiciones más adversas del medio urbano

Exploring polyphony in spatial patterns in acousmatic music

UIDB/00472/2020 UIDP/00472/2020publishersversionpublishe

Short overview of parametric loudspeakers array technology and its implications in spatialization in electronic music

UID/EAT/00472/2013In late December of 1962, a Physics Professor\from Brown University, Peter J. Westervelt,\submitted a paper called Parametric Acoustic Array considered primary waves interacting within a given volume and calculated the scattered pressure field due to the non-linearities within a small portion of this common volume in the medium. Since then, many outputs of this technology were developed and applied in contexts such as military, tomography, sonar technology, artistic installations and others. Such technology allows perfect sound directionally and therefore peculiar expressive techniques in electroacoustic music, allowing a very particular music dimension of space. For such reason, it’s here treated as a idiosyncrasy worth to discuss on its on terms. In 2010-2011 I composed the piece "A Anamnese das Constantes Ocultas", commissioned by Grupo de Música Contemporânea de Lisboa, that used a parametric loudspeakers array developed by engineer Joel Paulo. The same technology was used in the 2015 acousmatic piece “Jeux de l'Espace ” for eight loudspeakers and one parametric loudspeaker array. This paper is organized as follows. A theoretical framework of the parametric loudspeaker array is first introduced, followed by a brief description of the main theoretical aspects of such loudspeakers. Secondly, there is a description of practices that use such technology and their applications. The final section describes how I have used it in my music compositions.publishersversionpublishe

The (idiomatic) piano in the structure and as a structural element in (my) music

UIDB/00472/2020 UIDP/00472/2020Is there a difference between structure and a structural element in a musical work or practice? How can one tackle such a question methodologically? Are these concepts part of an abstract construct or are they perceivable to the ear? And about whose ear would one be talking about? When does one speak about an idiomatic style (for the piano) and how much of this idea is materialized in music? Is such reflection useful to understand a musical practice? In this text, I propose a view of the piano playing the main role in the structure and as a structural element by describing compositional situations and giving a counterpoint on them. This paper is organized as follows: a short theoretical framework where the first questions are challenged, along with paradigmatic examples on how the piano has been used in the structure and as a structural element in western art music, mainly from the second half of the 20th century and nowadays, including short considerations on how and the rationale why I have used it in some of my music compositions.publishersversionpublishe

Market Integration in the Golden Periphery - the Lisbon/London Exchange, 1854-1891

The existence of a self-regulating arbitrage mechanism under the gold standard has been traditionally considered as one of its main advantages, and attracted a corresponding research interest. This research is arguably relevant not only to test for the efficiency of the “gold points”, but also to study the evolution of financial integration during the so-called first era of globalization. Our first aim with this paper is to contribute to the enlargement of the scope of the literature by considering the case of Portugal that adhered to the system, in 1854, at a much earlier phase than the majority of countries, thus allowing for a broader perspective on the evolution of the efficiency of the foreign exchange market. As a typical “peripheral” country, Portugal can be used as the starting point for a study of the degree of integration of the periphery within the system. Furthermore, the Portuguese exchange also illustrates the role in practice of large players in sustaining currency stability, over and beyond the atomistic forces of arbitrage and speculation assumed in conventional theoretical frameworks. We also address the question of the credibility of the authorities’ commitment to the standard, through the perspective of the target zone literature.

An "Art", not a "Science"? Central Bank Management in Portugal under the Gold Standard, 1854-1891

As long as Portugal was on the gold standard, the Bank of Portugal, sought to stabilize the currency at the exchange rate to which the country was committed. Because it was subject to political and other constraints, the Bank carried out discount rate interventions excessively sparingly, although in accordance with what could be termed the contemporary ‘science’ of central banking. Consequently, it had to intervene constantly in the currency markets, usually in covert fashion, repeatedly infringing the gold standard’s ‘rules of the game’, in order to conciliate the needs of convertibility with a frequently unorthodox stance towards the gold standard.

The legislative panorama of the territories of the Castile’s Crown in the beginning of the reign of Alfonso X, The Wise

Resum disponible en anglèsThis article has the objective of discussing the effective legislation in the territories of the Castile’s Crown in the beginning of the reign of Alfonso X, The Wise (1252-1284). In the middle of the thirteenth century, the territories belonging to the kingdoms of Castile and León, unified in 1230, by Fernando III (1217-1252), father of Alfonso X, had their own legislation, without a unity among the several juridical codes. In the kingdom of León, as well as in the territories belonging to him, the rights originating from the visigothic Liber Iudiciorum remained. In the territories of the Castile’s kingdom, the old Castilian right was in force, the Fuero Viejo of Castilla, codified in the beginning of the thirteenth century for Alfonso VIII (1158-1214). In the Andalusia territories that were incorporated to the Castilian crown by Fernando III, the Fuero Juzgo ruled, adapted to the local reality. The main task of Alofonso XI in the beginnning of his reign was the one of idealizing a project of juridical unification of the several codes on going in the territories of the Castile's Crown

O panorama legislativo dos territórios da Coroa de Castela no início do reinado de Alfonso X, o Sábio

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a legislação vigente nos territórios da Coroa de Castela no início do reinado de Alfonso X, o Sábio (1252-1284). Em meados do século XIII, os territórios pertencentes aos reinos de Castela e Leão, unificados em 1230, por Fernando III (1217-1252), pai de Alfonso X, apresentavam uma legislação própria, não havendo uma unidade entre os diversos códigos jurídicos. No reino de Leão, bem como nos territórios pertencentes a este, permanecia o direito oriundo do Liber Iudiciorum visigodo. Nos territórios do reino de Castela, vigorava o velho direito castelhano, o Fuero Viejo de Castilla, codificado no início do século XIII por Alfonso VIII (1158-1214). Nos territórios da Andaluzia, incorporados à coroa castelhana por Fernando III, vigia o Fuero Juzgo, adaptado às realidades locais. A tarefa principal de Alfonso X no início do seu reinado foi a de idealizar um projeto de unificação jurídica dos vários códigos existentes nos territórios da Coroa de Castela.This article has the objective of discussing the effective legislation in the territories of the Castile's Crown in the beginning of the reign of Alfonso X, The Wise (1252-1284). In the middle of the thirteenth century, the territories belonging to the kingdoms of Castile and León, unified in 1230, by Fernando III (1217-1252), father of Alfonso X, had their own legislation, without a unity among the several juridical codes. In the kingdom of León, as well as in the territories belonging to him, the rights originating from the visigothic Liber Iudiciorum remained. In the territories of the Castile's kingdom, the old Castilian right was in force, the Fuero Viejo of Castilla, codified in the beginning of the thirteenth century for Alfonso VIII (1158-1214). In the Andalusia territories that were incorporated to the Castilian crown by Fernando III, the Fuero Juzgo ruled, adapted to the local reality. The main task of Alofonso XI in the beginnning of his reign was the one of idealizing a project of juridical unification of the several codes on going in the territories of the Castile's Crown