Genetic analysis of agronomic and biochemical variables among different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions

In the present study, thirty accessions of tomato were evaluated for estimation of correlation and path analysis among various quantitative and qualitative characters related to fruit yield. There were highly significant differences among the accessions for all the characters studied as per the analysis of variance. Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally similar in nature and higher in magnitude than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. The results revealed that the fruit yield plant-1 was significantly and positively correlated with number of fruits plant-1 (0.3119 and 0.3184) followed by fruit set percentage (0.2434 and 0.2499), fruit weight (0.6766 and 0.6731), polar diameter of fruit (0.4687 and 0.4635) at genotypic and phenotypic level, respectively, indicating that effective improvement in fruit yield plant-1 through these characters could be achieved. Fruit weight showed positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation with fruit yield plant-1 by having greatest positive direct effect (1.1298 and 1.1116) on fruit yield plant-1 at both levels, indicating the true relationship between them and the feasibility to exploit the potentiality of this trait for effective direct selection to improve fruit yield plant-1

dtControl: Decision Tree Learning Algorithms for Controller Representation

Decision tree learning is a popular classification technique most commonly used in machine learning applications. Recent work has shown that decision trees can be used to represent provably-correct controllers concisely. Compared to representations using lookup tables or binary decision diagrams, decision trees are smaller and more explainable. We present dtControl, an easily extensible tool for representing memoryless controllers as decision trees. We give a comprehensive evaluation of various decision tree learning algorithms applied to 10 case studies arising out of correct-by-construction controller synthesis. These algorithms include two new techniques, one for using arbitrary linear binary classifiers in the decision tree learning, and one novel approach for determinizing controllers during the decision tree construction. In particular the latter turns out to be extremely efficient, yielding decision trees with a single-digit number of decision nodes on 5 of the case studies

Production of galactitol from galactose by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880

Background Sugar alcohols are commonly used as low-calorie sweeteners and can serve as potential building blocks for bio-based chemicals. Previous work has shown that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 can natively produce arabitol from xylose at relatively high titers, suggesting that it may be a useful host for sugar alcohol production. In this work, we explored whether R. toruloides can produce additional sugar alcohols. Results Rhodosporidium toruloides is able to produce galactitol from galactose. During growth in nitrogen-rich medium, R. toruloides produced 3.2 ± 0.6 g/L, and 8.4 ± 0.8 g/L galactitol from 20 to 40 g/L galactose, respectively. In addition, R. toruloides was able to produce galactitol from galactose at reduced titers during growth in nitrogen-poor medium, which also induces lipid production. These results suggest that R. toruloides can potentially be used for the co-production of lipids and galactitol from galactose. We further characterized the mechanism for galactitol production, including identifying and biochemically characterizing the critical aldose reductase. Intracellular metabolite analysis was also performed to further understand galactose metabolism. Conclusions Rhodosporidium toruloides has traditionally been used for the production of lipids and lipid-based chemicals. Our work demonstrates that R. toruloides can also produce galactitol, which can be used to produce polymers with applications in medicine and as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Collectively, our results further establish that R. toruloides can produce multiple value-added chemicals from a wide range of sugars.Ope

INFLUENCE OF WASTE GLASS POWDER ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

Concrete is most widely used construction materials. However, the production of Portland cement releases significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas. One ton of Portland cement clinker production releases approximately one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Environmental issues are playing vital role in the sustainable development of concrete industry. Today many researches are ongoing for the replacement of Portland cement, using many waste materials like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Like Fly ash and GGBS a waste glass powder can also use as a binder with the partial replacement of cement which take some part of reaction at the time of hydration. Cement replacement by glass powder in the range 5% to 25% with an interval of 5% is to be study.It was tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and Split tensile strength at the age of 7, 28 days and compared with the results of conventional concrete. The overall test results shows that Waste Glass Powder could be used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement

Primary Signet-Ring Carcinoma (Linitus Plastica) of the Colorectum presenting as Subacute Intestinal Obstruction

Primary Signet-ring cell carcinoma (Linitus Plastica) of the colon and rectum is a rare form of adenocarcinoma of the large intestine and has been reported to have an extremely poor prognosis. We report a case of Primary Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colorectum in a thirty one year old man presented in Surgical OPD of our hospital with chief complaints of persistent pain in abdomen and vomiting since two days. Since the prognosis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is extremely poor (in view of more malignant behavior than ordinary colorectal carcinoma), early diagnosis and aggressive treatment strategy are necessary

Influence of Waste Glass Powder on the Properties of Concrete

Concrete is most widely used construction materials. However, the production of Portland cement releases significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas. One ton of Portland cement clinker production releases approximately one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Environmental issues are playing vital role in the sustainable development of concrete industry. Today many researches are ongoing for the replacement of Portland cement, using many waste materials like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Like Fly ash and GGBS a waste glass powder can also use as a binder with the partial replacement of cement which take some part of reaction at the time of hydration. Cement replacement by glass powder in the range 5% to 25% with an interval of 5% is to be study.It was tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and Split tensile strength at the age of 7, 28 days and compared with the results of conventional concrete. The overall test results shows that Waste Glass Powder could be used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement

Genome-Wide Development and Validation of Cost-Effective KASP Marker Assays for Genetic Dissection of Heat Stress Tolerance in Maize

Maize is the third most important cereal crop worldwide. However, its production is vulnerable to heat stress, which is expected to become more and more severe in coming years. Germplasm resilient to heat stress has been identified, but its underlying genetic basis remains poorly understood. Genomic mapping technologies can fill the void, provided robust markers are available to tease apart the genotype-phenotype relationship. In the present investigation, we used data from an RNA-seq experiment to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between two contrasting lines, LM11 and CML25, sensitive and tolerant to heat stress, respectively. The libraries for RNA-seq were made following heat stress treatment from three separate tissues/organs, comprising the top leaf, ovule, and pollen, all of which are highly vulnerable to damage by heat stress. The single nucleotide variants (SNVs) calling used STAR mapper and GATK caller pipelines in a combined approach to identify highly accurate SNPs between the two lines. A total of 554,423, 410,698, and 596,868 SNVs were discovered between LM11 and CML25 after comparing the transcript sequence reads from the leaf, pollen, and ovule libraries, respectively. Hundreds of these SNPs were then selected to develop into genome-wide Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers, which were validated to be robust with a successful SNP conversion rate of 71%. Subsequently, these KASP markers were used to effectively genotype an F2 mapping population derived from a cross of LM11 and CML25. Being highly cost-effective, these KASP markers provide a reliable molecular marker toolkit to not only facilitate the genetic dissection of the trait of heat stress tolerance but also to accelerate the breeding of heat-resilient maize by marker-assisted selection (MAS)

Malignant Change in an Epidermal Cyst Over Gluteal Region

A 72-year-old male presented with a large ulceroproliferative lesion over left gluteal region. After histopathological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma, the lesion was excised with wide margins. Further histopathological study of the excised specimen revealed the growth arising from an epidermal cyst. Malignant change is a rare, but wellknown complication occurring in an epidermal cyst. The mainstay of treatment consists of wide excision of cancerous lesion with primary reconstruction of the defect

Comparative anti-hyperlipidemic activity of <i>Tamra</i> <i>Bhasma </i>(incinerated copper) prepared from (purified) and <i>Ashodhita</i> <i>Tamra </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">(raw copper) </span>

205-211In Ayurveda, metals are converted into Bhasmas for internal consumption by processing them through various processes like Shodhana <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">(purification and/or detoxification), Marana (incineration), etc. and then used in the treatment of various diseases. These procedures not only decrease the possible harmful effects of metals but also said to increase their bio-availability and thus efficacy. In Rasashastra classics, due emphasis has been given to the Shodhana procedure. One of the most popularly used metallic preparations is Tamra Bhasma (incinerated copper) and it is said to be very harmful if its Shodhana is not done or if it is improperly prepared. Tamra Bhasma has been advocated in the treatment of Medoroga (lipid disorders), Hridroga (cardiac disorders), etc. and role of copper in lipid disorders is well documented fact. In the present study, a comparative anti-hyperlipidemic activity of unpurified (Ashodhita) and purified (Shodhita) Tamra was carried out to know the effect of Shodhana on efficacy. The hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding high fat diet in Wistar strain albino rats. The parameters including body weight, weight of various organs, serum lipid profile and histopathology of liver, kidney, heart and aorta were studied. The results of this study suggests that Tamra Bhasma prepared from Shodhita Tamra is having significant anti-hyperlipidemic activity, while Ashodhita Tamra Bhasma is lack of such effects. Also Ashuddha sample proved to possess cardio-toxic effect. This shows that the Rasashastriya Shodhana procedure have definite role in not only increasing the efficacy of the drug but also in removing the toxicity. </span