Employees’ Knowledge of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept and Activities: The Case Study of Frauenthal Automotive Toruń

The aim of the paper is to investigate the level of employees’ knowledge of socially responsible activities and CSR approach in Frauenthal Automotive Toruń (FTO), one of the local companies, which tries to be socially responsible for all of its stakeholders. The reason of conducting the study is a desire of verification if employees understand and know about company’s CSR projects. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the follow-ing objectives have been set: (1) to discuss various approaches to define corporate social responsibility (CSR); (2) to present the possible types of socially responsible activities towards employ-ees; (3) to measure and analyse whether FTO employees know the concepts of CSR, sustainable development, stakeholders and how they perceive the ideas of corporate social responsibility in the environment they work in. The analysis is based on the findings from the questionnaire survey in FTO operating in Toruń, Poland. FTO is selected as the unit where the survey is conducted due to its socially responsible approach to employees, what is confirmed by previous studies

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN COMPANY’S CSR STRATEGY

The aim of the paper is to analyze and investigate the level of employees’ participation in socially responsible activities in one of the automotive factories located in Toruń, Poland. The company conducts many socially responsible initiatives; however, it cannot realize its CSR programs without engagement of its employees. The company is medium-sized enterprise, that is why every CSR activity and program can be realized by many managers and workers. One of the main reasons of conducting the study is a desire of verification if employees participate in CSR programs before the research was conducted, as also to measure if they are ready to take a part in socially responsible programs in the future. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the following objectives have been set: (1) to present the main assumptions of the corporate social responsibility concept; (2) to describe company’s stakeholders and to show the potential benefits they can achieve thanks to CSR strategy; (3) to measure and analyze employees’ participation in CSR programs conducted in the company and to check their readiness to engage in socially responsible activities in the future. The findings and their presentation are achieved based on the questionnaire survey described in the paper

The gender-related impact of a violence management training program on medical school students : preliminary results

Phenomenon: Patient aggression directed toward medical personnel, including medical school students during their internships, is an increasingly important issue. To minimize this phenomenon, violence management training programs were carried out. Approach: To assess the efficacy of a violence management training program among medical school students and evaluate changes in the perception of aggressive behavior in relation to the participants’ sense of self-efficacy and self-confidence by sex. A quasi-experimental examination of medical school students was performed before and after completion of a training program. Two hundred seventy-six students, including students of medicine, nursing, emergency medical services, and physiotherapy, participated in the study. Three standardized questionnaires were used: The Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS), the Hope for Success Questionnaire (HSQ), and the General Self -Efficacy Scale (GSES). Findings: The training program had a positive impact on the sense of self-efficacy in both men and women. However, the perception of aggressive behavior changed only in women and the impact of such intervention was higher for women. Further studies should look at the long-term outcomes

The Perception of aggression towards the medical personnel of psychiatric wards in Poland and in Norway : a comparative analysis

Background and objectives: Psychiatric hospitals are unique in character. In their work the personnel frequently encounter aggression on the part of patients and their families. A difficulty in describing the impact of aggression on the quality of care lies in the fact that countries differ in terms of their approach to treatment, education systems, as well as the standards and algorithms of dealing with aggression that occur within a health care facility. The objective of the present study was to find out whether there are any differences in the attitudes and perception of patients’ aggression prevalent amongst groups of personnel from Poland and Norway. This issue has yet to be discussed in the subject literature; however, it should be assumed that such differences exist, so the question pertains to their direction and intensity. Methods: Two tools were used to identify the attitudes of the medical personnel towards aggression: POAS (Perception of Aggression Scale) and ATAS (Attitudes Towards Aggression Scale). The research comprised 280 people – the personnel of psychiatric wards from the psychiatric hospital in Bergen, Norway (n= 140 ) and from the psychiatric hospitals in Żurawica and Jarosław in Poland (n= 140 ). Results: Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the attitudes and perception of aggression by the medical personnel in Poland and in Norway (p> 0.001). The Norwegian personnel more frequently perceive aggression as positive behaviour, associated with the protection of one’s own territory. On the other hand, the Polish staff more often regard aggression as negative, offensive and intrusive behaviour. Conclusions: The perception of aggression towards the medical staff of psychiatric wards in Poland and Norway differs

Scalable photonic sources using two-dimensional lead halide perovskite superlattices

Miniaturized photonic sources based on semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials offer new technological opportunities beyond the modern III-V platforms. For example, the quantum-confined 2D electronic structure aligns the exciton transition dipole moment parallel to the surface plane, thereby outcoupling more light to air which gives rise to high-efficiency quantum optics and electroluminescent devices. It requires scalable materials and processes to create the decoupled multi-quantum-well superlattices, in which individual 2D material layers are isolated by atomically thin quantum barriers. Here, we report decoupled multi-quantum-well superlattices comprised of the colloidal quantum wells of lead halide perovskites, with unprecedentedly ultrathin quantum barriers that screen interlayer interactions within the range of 6.5 Å. Crystallographic and 2D k-space spectroscopic analysis reveals that the transition dipole moment orientation of bright excitons in the superlattices is predominantly in-plane and independent of stacking layer and quantum barrier thickness, confirming interlayer decoupling

Efficient perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes using a benzimidazole-substituted anthracene derivative as the electron transport material

Colloidal nanocrystals of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) are an emerging class of solid-state lighting materials owing to their outstanding photophysical properties. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the fabrication of high-performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on these materials, including interface engineering which is essential for balancing the electron and hole injection in devices. Here, we report efficient perovskite nanocrystal LEDs based on a new electron transport material (ETM), 9,10-bis(N-benzimidazolyl)anthracene (BBIA), possessing a high electron mobility of 4.17 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 at an electric field of 105 V cm−1. Compared to control devices based on the ETM 2,2′,2′′-(1,3,5- benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi), BBIA-based devices exhibit a nearly two-fold enhancement, increasing the current and external quantum efficiencies from 6.25 cd A−1 and 1.51% to 12.2 cd A−1 and 2.96%, respectively. In addition, a small degree of efficiency roll-off of 8 ± 1% at a luminance of 2000 cd m−2, as well as a low turn-on voltage of 2.35 V, has been demonstrated. The anthracene-based compounds may open up new research opportunities for interface engineering in perovskite LEDs

Flexible green perovskite light emitting diodes

Flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted increasing interest to realize ultrathin, light weight, highly conformable and nonfragile vivid displays. Solution-processed lead halide perovskite offers numerous distinctive characteristics such as pure emission color, tunable bandgaps, and low fabrication cost. In this work, green perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) are fabricated on 50 μm thick polyimide substrates. Using colloidal 2D formamidinium lead bromide perovskite emitter, the PeLEDs show a high current efficiency (ηCE) of 5.3 cd A-1 with a peak emission at 529 ± 1 nm and a narrow width of 22.8 nm. The resultant green emission shows color saturation > 95%, in the Rec. 2020 standard gamut area. To demonstrate mechanical flexibility, the device functionality is tested by dynamic bending experiments down to 10 mm for up to 5000 cycles, resulting in device lifetime over 36 h in a glove box and a drop of ηCE and external quantum efficiency (ηext) as low as 15% and 18%, respectively. For the selective activation of multiple PeLEDs, 7 × 7 passive arrays on rigid and flexible substrates are demonstrated. Moreover, preliminary results of active matrices show the compatibility of PeLEDs with oxide-based Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) for display applications

Aggregation-induced emission in lamellar solids of colloidal perovskite quantum wells

The outstanding excitonic properties, including photoluminescence quantum yield (ηPL), of individual, quantum-confined semiconductor nanoparticles are often significantly quenched upon aggregation, representing the main obstacle toward scalable photonic devices. We report aggregation-induced emission phenomena in lamellar solids containing layer-controlled colloidal quantum wells (QWs) of hybrid organic-inorganic lead bromide perovskites, resulting in anomalously high solid-state ηPL of up to 94%. Upon forming the QW solids, we observe an inverse correlation between exciton lifetime and ηPL, distinct from that in typical quantum dot solid systems. Our multiscale theoretical analysis reveals that, in a lamellar solid, the collective motion of the surface organic cations is more restricted to orient along the [100] direction, thereby inducing a more direct bandgap that facilitates radiative recombination. Using the QW solids, we demonstrate ultrapure green emission by completely downconverting a blue gallium nitride light-emitting diode at room temperature, with a luminous efficacy higher than 90 lumen W−1 at 5000 cd m−2, which has never been reached in any nanomaterial assemblies by far.ISSN:2375-254

Two-Dimensional Colloidal Quantum Wells for Future Photonic Sources

Modern light-emitting technologies require earth abundant materials, which exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield ( PL) and excellent color purity. Moreover, the intrinsic ability to control the emission dipole orientation is highly desired, in order to enhance the light outcoupling e ciency. At the same time, the low complexity of processing is essential for ensuring the cost e ciency. Recently, colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), composed of APbX3 (A = CH3NH3, CH(NH2)2, Cs and X = Cl, Br, I), emerged as highly attractive alternative to the state-of-the-art light-emitting materials. Although they meet most of the desired characteristics, their accessibility still remains challenging in most of the cases. A complete understanding of the mechanisms governing their synthesis processes and fundamental physical properties is necessary, so that the potential of these outstanding class of materials can be fully utilized on a commercial scale. The rst part of this thesis, focuses on the development of synthetic protocols used to obtain quantum-con ned CH3NH3PbBr3 NCs. Speci c reaction conditions allow to tune the size of the NCs and therefore their band gap energies. Detailed optical and crystallographic analyses, revealed a two-dimensional (2D) geometry of NCs with the reduced dimensionality. More speci cally, atomically- at colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are formed and their precise thickness is characterized by a quantized nature, since it is determined by the stacking number of perovskite unit cells n. Consequently CQWs with tunable thicknesses from n = 7 10 to n = 1 were synthesized. With this approach, the emission wavelength tunability over the green-toblue spectral range was achieved. Moreover, it was shown that the reduced thickness of the CQW, results in an increase of exciton binding energy, which boosts the radiative recombination. As a result, e cient electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated, utilizing perovskite CQWs as emitters. Their performance could be further improved by incorporating crystalline CQWs into a matrix of organic host molecules, owing to Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) phenomenon. Subsequently, the same series of layercontrolled CH3NH3PbBr3 CQWs was investigated towards their luminescent properties in thin lms. Thorough morphological and crystallographic characterization was used to probe these CQW solids. Upon spin coating perovskite-containing colloidal dispersions onto solid state substrate, formation of highly-oriented self-assembled superlattices was observed. The resulting PL in these lamellar solids surprisingly exceeded the values achieved for the respective colloidal suspensions. Together with an inverse correlation between photoluminescence lifetime ( PL) and PL, these observations were clearly distinct from typical quantum dot (QD) solid systems. Based on multiscale theoretical analysis, it was found out that the collective motion of surface organic cations is more restricted to orient along [100] direction, thereby inducing a more direct band gap, which facilitates radiative recombination. Furthermore, ultrapure green emission was demonstrated by downconverting a commercial blue GaN LED at room temperature, which allowed to exceed luminous e cacy exhibited by green-emitting InGaN LEDs. Following these ndings, the next chapter encompasses the investigation of transition dipole moment orientation in 2D perovskite CQWs. By varying the length of the capping ligand during CQW synthesis, formation of multiple quantum well (MQW) systems with tunable quantum barrier (QB) thickness was achieved. As evidenced by k-space spectroscopic analysis, TDM was found out to align predominantly parallel to the surface plane, independent on the QB thickness. It directly implies, that even when separated by as little as 6.5 Å, the adjacent QW layers remain decoupled and as a consequence no interlayer exciton is formed. The observed localization of Wannier-Mott-like excitons is due to the strong ionic dielectric response that screens the interlayer electrostatic interactions. A signi cant PL decrease and an emergence of low-energy emission in MQWs at low temperature, suggest the occurrence of charge-transfer mechanism as phonon modes become frozen. The preferential orientation of TDM is retained in the mixed-halide superlattices, covering the entire blue-to-orange visible spectrum. Last part of the thesis demonstrates a practical application of hybrid perovskite colloidal nanocrystals. Because the human eye is more sensitive to the green spectral region, pure green LEDs are essential for realizing an ultrawide color gamut for nextgeneration displays. Here, e cient ultrapure green EL based on colloidal nanocrystals of formamidinium lead bromide (CH(NH2)2PbBr3) is demonstrated. Through dielectric quantum well (DQW) engineering and LED device optimization, maximum current e ciency of 13 cd/A was reached. Nevertheless, most importantly, this was achieved with CIE color coordinates of (0.168, 0.773), which would allow to cover 97% of recommendation 2020 standard

Design Process Improvement of Functioning of Powder Coatings Production Enterprise X

The aim of this article is to present the design improvements functioning processes of powder coatings in the company X. In the present article is shown the main problems of the company “X”, but because of the requirements as to the volume of the author could present only one suggestion to change.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie projektu usprawnień funkcjonowania procesów produkcji farb proszkowych w przedsiębiorstwie X. W przedmiotowym artykule ukazano główne problemy przedsiębiorstwa "X", lecz z racji wymogów co do objętości autor mógł zaprezentować tylko jedną propozycję zmiany